Ozone and PM2.5 exposure and acute pulmonary health effects: A study of hikers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 114, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1044-1052

  Girardot, Steven P ^a,b   Ryan, P Barry ^a,b   Smith, Susan M ^c   Davis, Wayne T ^d   Hamilton, Charles B ^c   Obenour, Richard A ^e   Renfro, James R ^f   Tromatore, Kimberly A ^c   Reed, Gregory D ^d  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^d University of Tennessee Knoxville   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f Great Smoky Mountains National Park   (United States)

Author keywords

Air pollution epidemiology; Fine particulate matter exposure; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Ozone exposure; Pulmonary function; Spirometry

Indexed keywords

OZONE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; AGE; AGED; AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; FEMALE; FLOW RATE; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; GENDER; HUMAN; HUMIDITY; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MOUNTAINEERING; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; SPIROMETRY; SUMMER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; UNITED STATES; VOLUNTEER; WHEEZING; ADOLESCENT; DRUG EFFECT; EXERCISE; EXPOSURE; LUNG; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; TIME; WALKING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AIR POLLUTANTS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; LUNG; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORTH CAROLINA; OZONE; PARTICLE SIZE; TENNESSEE; TIME FACTORS; WALKING;

EID: 33745777998     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8637     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. American Association for Respiratory Care. 1996. AARC clinical practice guideline spirometry. Respir Care 41(7):629-636.
2. ATS (American Thoracic Society). 1995. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152(3):1107-1136.
3. ATS (American Thoracic Society). 2000. What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? Official statement of the American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161(2 pt 1):665-673.
4. Aneja VP, Adams AA, Arya SP. 2000. An observational based analysis of ozone trends and production for urban areas in North Carolina. Chemosphere Glob Change Sci 2:157-165.
5. Aneja VP, Li Z. 1992. Characterization of ozone at high elevation in the eastern United States: trends, seasonal variations, and exposure. J Geophys Res 97:9873-9888.
6. Aris R, Christian D, Sheppard D, Balmes JR. 1991. The effects of sequential exposure to acidic fog and ozone on pulmonary function in exercising subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 143(1):85-91.
7. Avol EL, Linn WS, Venet TG, Shamoo DA, Hackney JD. 1984. Comparative respiratory effects of ozone and ambient oxidant pollution exposure during heavy exercise. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 34(8):804-809.
8. Barringer F. 2004. Critics say clean-air plan may be a setback for parks. New York Times (New York City, NY), 31 May: A12.
9. Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Breugelmans O, Leentvaar M. 1994. Respiratory effects of low-level photochemical air pollution in amateur cyclists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150(4):962-966.
10. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. 1990. Public Law 101-549. Available: www.epa.gov/oar/caa/caaa.txt [Accessed 25 May 2006].
11. Dockery DW, Brunekreef B. 1996. Longitudinal studies of air pollution effects on lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(6 pt 2):S250-S256.
12. Eisen EA, Robins JM, Greaves IA, Wegman DH. 1984. Selection effects of repeatability criteria applied to lung spirometry. Am J Epidemiol 120(5):734-742.
13. Enright PL, Beck KC, Sherrill DL. 2004. Repeatability of spirometry in 18,000 adult patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(2):235-238.
14. Ferris BG. 1978. Epidemiology standardization project (American Thoracic Society). Am Rev Respir Dis 118(6 pt2):1-120.
15. Folinsbee LJ, Bedi JF, Horvath SM. 1984. Pulmonary function changes after 1 h continuous heavy exercise in 0.21 ppm ozone. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 57(4):984-988.
16. Folinsbee LJ, McDonnell WF, Horstman DH. 1988. Pulmonary function and symptom responses after 6.6-hour exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone with moderate exercise. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 38(1):28-35.
17. Galizia A, Kinney PL. 1999. Long-term residence in areas of high ozone: associations with respiratory health in a nationwide sample of nonsmoking young adults. Environ Health Perspect 107:675-679.
18. Girardot S. 2005. Association of Spirometric Test Failure and Respiratory Health Status in an Epidemiologic Field Study [MPH Thesis]. Atlanta, GA:Emory University Rollins School of Public Health.
19. Gong H Jr, Bradley PW, Simmons MS, Tashkin DP. 1986. Impaired exercise performance and pulmonary function in elite cyclists during low-level ozone exposure in a hot environment. Am Rev Respir Dis 134(4):726-733.
20. Hazucha MJ. 1987. Relationship between ozone exposure and pulmonary function changes. J Appl Physiol 62(4):1671-1680.
21. Horstman DH, Folinsbee LJ, Ives PJ, Abdul-Salaam S, McDonnell WF. 1990. Ozone concentration and pulmonary response relationships for 6.6-hour exposures with five hours of moderate exercise to 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm. Am Rev Respir Dis 142(5):1158-1163.
22. Kinney PL, Nilsen DM, Lippmann M, Brescia M, Gordon T, McGovern T, et al. 1996. Biomarkers of lung inflammation in recreational joggers exposed to ozone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(5):1430-1435.
23. Korrick SA, Neas LM, Dockery DW, Gold DR, Allen GA, Hill LB, et al. 1998. Effects of ozone and other pollutants on the pulmonary function of adult hikers. Environ Health Perspect 106:93-99.
24. Lippmann M. 1989. Health effects of ozone: a critical review. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 39(5):672-695.
25. Malone RW. 2003. Ozone Monitoring and Canopy Effect in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park [MS Thesis]. Knoxville, TN:University of Tennessee.
26. McBride DE, Koenig JQ, Luchtel DL, Williams PV, Henderson WR Jr. 1994. Inflammatory effects of ozone in the upper airways of subjects with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149(5):1192-1197.
27. McDonnell WF, Muller KE, Bromberg PA, Shy CM. 1993. Predictors of individual differences in acute response to ozone exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis 147(4):818-825.
28. 1 changes. Effects of concentration, duration, and ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156(3 pt 1):715-722.
29. McDonnell WF, Stewart PW, Andreoni S, Smith MV. 1995. Proportion of moderately exercising individuals responding to low-level, multi-hour ozone exposure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152(2):589-596.
30. 3. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160(1):117-125.
31. National Institutes of Health. 2006. Human Participant Protections Education for Research Teams. Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available: http://cme.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/learning/ humanparticipant-protections.asp [accessed 25 May 2006].
32. National Park Service Air Resources Division. 2002. Air Quality in the National Parks. Washington, DC:U.S. Department of the Interior.
33. National Park Service Air Resources Division. 2005. FY 2004 Annual Performance Report: Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Air Quality Goals Ia3, Ia3B, and Ia3C. Washington, DC:U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service Air Resources Division.
34. National Parks Conservation Association. 2004. America's Ten Most Endangered National Parks. Available: http://www.npca.org/across_the_nation/ten_most_endangered/ [accessed 4 June 2004].
35. NIOSH. 2004. Spirometry Training Course. Cincinnati, OH:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/spirometry [accessed 12 January 2005].
36. Pekkanen J, Peters A, Hoek G, Tiittanen P, Brunekreef B, de Hartog J, et al. 2002. Particulate air pollution and risk of ST-segment depression during repeated submaximal exercise tests among subjects with coronary heart disease: the Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air (ULTRA) study. Circulation 106(8):933-938.
37. Renfro J. 2002. National Park Service Great Smoky Mountains National Park Briefing Statement. Gatlinburg, TN:Great Smoky Mountain National Park Service. Available: http://www.nps.gov/applications/parks/grsm/ppdocuments/ AIR_BriefingStmt.PDF [acessed 26 May 2006].
38. Selwyn BJ, Stock TH, Hardy RJ, Chan FA, Jenkins DE, Kotchmar DJ, et al. 1985. Health effects of ambient ozone exposure in vigorously exercising adults. Trans Air Pollut Control Assoc TR-4:281-296.
39. Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative. 2002. Final Report. Asheville, NC:Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative. Available: http://www.enr.state.nc.us/newrefs/factsheet.pdf [accessed 26 May 2006].
40. 2.5 Pollution Research 1994-2000. Raleigh, NC:North Carolina State University. Available: http://www.ncsu.edu/sos/pus/sos2/State_of_SOS_2.pdf [accessed 26 May 2006].
41. Spektor DM, Lippmann M, Thurston GD, Lioy PJ, Stecko J, O'Connor G, et al. 1988. Effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function in healthy adults exercising outdoors. Am Rev Respir Dis 138(4):821-828.
42. Thurston GD, Ito K. 2001. Epidemiological studies of acute ozone exposures and mortality. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 11(4):286-294.
43. Torres A, Utell MJ, Morow PE, Voter KZ, Whitin JC, Cox C, et al. 1997. Airway inflammation in smokers and nonsmokers with varying responsiveness to ozone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156(3 pt 1):728-736.
44. U.S. EPA. 2004a. National Ambient Air Quality Standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available: http://epa.gov/air/criteria.html [accessed 4 June 2004].
45. U.S. EPA. 2004b. The Ozone Report: Measuring Progress through 2003. Research Triangle Park, NC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
46. U.S. General Accounting Office. 2001. Air Quality and Respiratory Problems in and near the Great Smoky Mountains. GAO-01-658. Washington, DC:U.S. General Accounting Office.
47. Vedal S, Petkau J, White R, Blair J. 1998. Acute effects of ambient inhalable particles in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157(4):1034-1043.