The use of anthropometric proportion indices in the measurement of facial attractiveness

European Journal of Orthodontics

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 274-281

  Edler, Raymond ^a,b   Agarwal, Pragati ^a   Wertheim, David ^a   Greenhill, Darrel ^a  

^a KINGSTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b KINGSTON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; CEPHALOMETRY; ESTHETICS; FACE; FEMALE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; MALE; OBSERVER VARIATION; PHOTOGRAPHY;

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; BEAUTY; CEPHALOMETRY; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OBSERVER VARIATION; PHOTOGRAPHY;

EID: 33745713778     PISSN: 01415387     EISSN: 14602210     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cji098     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Alley T R, Cunningham, M R 1991 Average faces are attractive, but very attractive faces are not average Psychological Science 2: 123-125
2. Becker M, Svensson H 1998 Morphometry in digital photographs: a promising technique for assessing patients with cleft lip and palate. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Hand Surgery 32: 295-299
3. Bengel W 1985 Standardisation in dental photography. International Dental Journal 35: 210-217
4. Berger J L, Pangrazio-Kulbersh V, Thomas B W, Kaczynski R 1999 Photographic analysis of facial changes associated with maxillary expansion. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 116: 563-571
5. Bernstein I H, Lin T D, McClellan P 1982 Cross- vs. within-racial judgments of attractiveness. Perception and Psychophysics 32: 495-503
6. Claman L, Patton D, Rashid R 1990 Standardised portrait photography for dental patients. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics 98: 197-205
7. Cochrane S M, Cunningham S J, Hunt N P 1999 A comparison of the perception of facial profile by the general public and three groups of clinicians. International Journal of Adult Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery 14: 291-295
8. Cunningham M R, Barbee A P, Pike C L 1990 What do women want? Facialmetric assessment of multiple motives in the perception of male facial attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59: 61-72
9. Edler R J 2001 Background considerations to facial aesthetics. Journal of Orthodontics 28: 159-168
10. Farkas L G 1994 Anthropometry of the head and face. Raven Press, New York
11. Farkas L G, Munro I R 1987 Anthropometric facial proportions in medicine. Charles C Thomas, Illinois
12. Farkas L G, Bryson W, Klotz, J 1980 Is photogrammetry of the face reliable? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 66: 346-355
13. Grammer K, Thornhill R 1994 Human facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology 108: 233-242
14. Greenhill D, Edler R, Wertheim D, Belsham A, Jones G A 2000 A system for assessing mandibular outlines. International conference on advances in medical signalling and medical information processing. Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, pp. 192-199
15. Howells D J, Shaw W C 1985 The validity and reliability of ratings of dental and facial attractiveness for epidemiologic use. American Journal of Orthodontics 88: 402-408
16. Kolar J C, Salter E M 1997 Craniofacial anthropometry. Charles C Thomas, Illinois
17. Langlois J H, Roggman L A 1990 Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science 1: 115-121
18. Lines P A, Lines R R, Lines C A 1978 Profilemetrics and facial aesthetics. American Journal of Orthodontics 67: 44-56
19. Maret S M, Harling, G A 1985 Cross cultural perceptions of physical attractiveness: ratings of photographs of whites by Cruzans and Americans. Perceptual and Motor Skills 60: 163-166
20. Ofodile F A, Bokhari F J, Ellis C 1993 The black American nose. Annals of Plastic Surgery 31: 209-219
21. Okkerse, J M E, Beemer, F A, Cordia-de Haan M, Heineman-de Boer, J A, Mellenbergh G J, Wolters W H G 2001 Facial attractiveness and facial impairment ratings in children with craniofacial malformations. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38: 386-392
22. Patzer G L 1985 The physical attractiveness phenomena. Plenum Press, New York
23. Patzer G L 1994 Practice made perfect. Measurement of physical attractiveness: truth-of-consensus. Journal of Esthetic Dentistry 6: 185-188
24. Perrett D I, May K M, Yoshikawa, S 1994 Facial shape and judgements of female attractiveness. Nature 368: 239-242
25. Phillips C, Tulloch C, Dann C 1992 Rating of facial attractiveness. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 20: 214-220
26. Richardson S A 1970 Age and sex differences in values toward physical handicaps. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 11: 207
27. Ritter K, Trotman C A, Phillips C 2002 Validity of subjective evaluations for the assessment of lip scarring and impairment. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 39: 587-596
28. Roberts-Harry D P, Hathorn I S, Stephens C D 1992 The ranking of facial attractiveness. European Journal of Orthodontics 14: 483-488
29. Russell K A, Aldman S D, Tompson B, Lee J M 2001 Nasal morphology and shape parameters as predictors of nasal esthetics in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38: 476-485
30. Strzalko J, Kaszycka K A 1991 Physical attractiveness: interpersonal and intrapersonal variability of assessments Social Biology 39: 170-176
31. Symons D 1979 The evolution of human sexuality Oxford University Press, New York
32. Thakera J N, Iwawaki S 1979 Cross-cultural comparisons in interpersonal attraction of females toward males Journal of Social Psychology 108: 121-122
33. Tobiasen J M 1987 Social judgements of facial deformity. Cleft Palate Journal 24: 323-327
34. Tobiasen J M, Hiebert J M 1988 Reliability of aesthetic ratings of cleft impairment. Cleft Palate Journal 25: 313-317
35. Vegter F, Hage J J 2001 Facial anthropometry in cleft patients: a historical appraisal. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38: 577-581
36. Vegter F, Mulder J W, Hage J J 1997 Major residual deformities in cleft patients: a new anthropometric approach. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34: 106-110
37. Ward R E, Jamison P L, Allanson J E 2000 Quantitative approach to identifying abnormal variation in the human face exemplified by a study of 278 individuals with five craniofacial syndromes. American Journal of Medical Genetics 91: 8-17
38. Ward R E, Jamison P L, Farkas L G 1998 Craniofacial variability index: a simple measure of normal and abnormal variation in the head and face. American Journal of Medical Genetics 80: 232-240