Camphor poisoning: An evidence-based practice guideline for out-of-hospital management

Clinical Toxicology

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 357-370

  Manoguerra, Anthony ^a   Erdman, Andrew ^a   Wax, Paul ^a   Nelson, Lewis ^a   Martin Caravati, E ^a   Cobaugh, Daniel ^a   Chyka, Peter ^a   Olson, Kent ^a   Booze, Lisa ^a   Woolf, Alan ^a   Keyes, Daniel ^a   Christianson, Gwenn ^a   Scharman, Elizabeth ^a   Troutman, William ^a  

^a American Association of Poison Control Centers   (United States)

Author keywords

Camphor poisoning; Poison control centers standards; Practice guidelines

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED CARBON; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CAMPHOR; IPECAC;

ADSORPTION; ATAXIA; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CONSENSUS; CONVULSION; DETOXIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EMERGENCY WARD; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXPOSURE; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; LAVAGE; LETHARGY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NAUSEA; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; PATIENT REFERRAL; POISON CENTER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; SKIN DECONTAMINATION; VOMITING;

CAMPHOR; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; POISON CONTROL CENTERS; POISONING;

ATAXIA; CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA; DRYOBALANOPS;

EID: 33745699896     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15563650600671696     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin N, Howland MA, Hoffman RS and Nelson LS. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
2. Gennaro AR. Remington: the science and practice of pharmacy. 21st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
3. Varano C. Camphor poisoning. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1977; 11:110.
4. Varano C. Camphorated oil. JAMA 1979; 242:240.
5. Varano C. Mistaken ingestion of camphorated oil for castor oil. Am J Hosp Pharm 1980; 37:176.
6. Phelan WJ, 3rd. Camphor poisoning: over-the-counter dangers. Pediatrics 1976; 57:428-431.
7. Riggs J, Hamilton R, Homel S, McCabe J. Camphorated oil intoxication in pregnancy; report of a case. Obstet Gynecol 1965; 25:255-258.
8. Benz RW. Camphorated oil poisoning with no mortality. Report of twenty cases. J Am Med Assoc 1919; 72:1217-1218.
9. Aronow R, Spigiel RW. Implications of camphor poisoning: therapeutic and administrative. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1976; 10:631-634.
10. Kopelman R, Miller S, Kelly R, Sunshine I. Camphor intoxication treated by resin hemoperfusion. JAMA 1979; 241:727-728.
11. Skoglund RR, Ware LL, Jr., Schanberger JE. Prolonged seizures due to contact and inhalation exposure to camphor. A case report. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1977; 16:901-902.
12. Clark TL. Fatal case of camphor poisoning. Br Med J 1924; 1:467.
13. Haft HH. Camphor liniment poisoning [letter]. J Am Med Assoc 1925; 84:1571.
14. Klingensmith WR. Poisoning by camphor. J Am Med Assoc 1934; 102:2182-2183.
15. Craig JO. Poisoning by the volatile oils in childhood. Arch Dis Child 1953; 28:475-483.
16. Seife M, Leon JL. Camphor poisoning following ingestion of nose drops. J Am Med Assoc 1954; 155:1059-1060.
17. Köppel C, Tenczer J, Schirop T, Ibe K. Camphor poisoning - abuse of camphor as a stimulant. Arch Toxicol 1982; 51:101-106.
18. Köppel C, Martens F, Schirop T, Ibe K. Hemoperfusion in acute camphor poisoning. Intensive Care Med 1988; 14:431-433.
19. Davies R. A fatal case of camphor poisoning [letter]. Br Med J 1887; 1:726.
20. Barker F. A case of poisoning by camphorated oil [letter]. Br Med J 1910; 1:921.
21. Summers GD. Case of camphor poisoning. Br Med J 1947; 2:1009-1010.
22. Joly C, Bouillie C, Hummel M. Intoxication aiguë par le camphre administré par voie externe chez un nourrisson. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 1980; 27:395-396.
23. Jimenez JF, Brown AL, Arnold WC, Byrne WJ. Chronic camphor ingestion mimicking Reye's syndrome. Gastroenterology 1983; 84:394-398.
24. McCollam A, Block R, Lipscomb JW, Pompei P. Chronic camphor ingestion: a case report of granulomatous hepatitis [abstract]. Vet Hum Toxicol 1989; 31:337.
25. Blackmon WP, Curry HB. Camphor poisoning: report of a case occurring during pregnancy. J Fla Med Assoc 1957; 43:999-1000.
26. Weiss J, Catalano P. Camphorated oil intoxication during pregnancy. Pediatrics 1973; 52:713-714.
27. AAPCC TESS manual 2002. http://www.aapcc.org/MEMBERS/TESS/tess1.htm
28. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, Mei Z, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL. CDC growth charts: United States. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no. 314. Hyattsville(MD): National Center for Health Statistics, 2000.
29. Shaneyfelt TM, Mayo-Smith MF, Rothwangl J. Are guidelines following guidelines? The methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines in the peer-reviewed medical literature. JAMA 1999; 281:1900-1905.
30. Shiffman RN, Shekelle P, Overhage JM, Slutsky J, Grimshaw J, Deshpande AM. Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines: a proposal from the Conference on Guideline Standardization. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139:493-498.
31. Klasco RK, ed. Poisindex system. Greenwood Village (CO): Thomson Micromedex (Edition expires 2005).
32. Sue Y-J, Pinkert H. Baby powder, borates, and camphor. In: Haddad LM, Shannon MW, Winchester JF, eds. Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998:1160-1168.
33. Anderson DL, Topliff AR. Camphor and mothballs. In: Ford MD, Delaney KA, Ling LJ, Erickson T, eds. Clinical toxicology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001:339-342.
34. Kuffner EK. Camphor and moth repellants. In: Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, eds. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002:1295-1302.
35. Anderson IB. Camphor and other essential oils. In: Olson KR ed. Poisoning & drug overdose. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004:147-148.
36. Carracio TR, McGuigan MA. Over-the-counter products. In: Dart RC, ed. Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004:1051-1062.
37. AAPCC TESS fatality abstracts 1985-2002.
38. AAPCC TESS reports. http://www.aapcc.org/annual.htm accessed November, 2004.
39. Cristallo G, Tarallo MR, Vollono C, Tarallo D, Grandi E, Tarallo S. Un caso di avvelenamento da canfora. Pediatr Med Chir 1995; 17:287-288.
40. Finley, MJ. A fatal case of poisoning from camphor. Med Record 1887; January 29:125-126.
41. Gibson DE, Moore GP, Pfaff JA. Camphor ingestion. Am J Emerg Med 1989; 7:41-43.
42. Verhulst HC, Page LA, Crotty JJ. Communications from the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers: Camphor. Amer J Dis Child 1961; 101:536-537.
43. Tidcombe FS. Severe symptoms following the administration of a small teaspoonful of camphorated oil [letter]. Lancet 1897; 2:660.
44. Miller DGM. The toxicity of camphor (camphorated oil) [letter]. J Am Med Assoc 1914; 63:579.
45. Haas SV. Death following ingestion of 1 dram of camphorated oil. Amer J Obstet 1916; 73:1153.
46. Blair J. Camphorated oil poisoning. Ohio State Med J 1929; 25:808-809.
47. Smith AG, Margolis G. Camphor poisoning; anatomical and pharmacologic study; report of a fatal case; experimental investigation of protective action of barbiturate. Am J Pathol 1954; 30:857-869.
48. Jacobziner H, Raybin HW. Camphor poisoning. Arch Pediatr 1962; 79:28-30.
49. Theis JG, Koren G. Camphorated oil: still endangering the lives of Canadian children. CMAJ 1995; 152:1821-1824.
50. Ruha AM, Graeme KA, Field A. Late seizure following ingestion of Vicks VapoRub. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10:691.
51. Alsop JA. Camphor toxicity from accidental ingestions [abstract]. Vet Hum Toxicol 1993; 35:346.
52. Geller RJ, Spyker DA, Garrettson LK, Rogol AD. Camphor toxicity: development of a triage strategy. Vet Hum Toxicol 1984; 26 Suppl 2:8-10.
53. Aliye UC, Bishop WP, Sanders KD. Camphor hepatotoxicity. South Med J 2000; 93:596-598.
54. Craig M. Case of camphor poisoning. Br Med J 1895; 2:660-661.
55. Rabl W, Katzgraber F, Steinlechner M. Camphor ingestion for abortion (case report). Forensic Sci Int 1997; 89:137-140.
56. Lahoud CA, March JA, Proctor DD. Campho-Phenique ingestion: an intentional overdose. South Med J 1997; 90:647-648.
57. Hurd JL. Camphor poisoning. Medical Council Philadelphia 1914; 14:76.
58. Cottrell J. Poisoning by camphorated oil. Br Med J 1931; 1:96-97.
59. Ginn HE, Anderson KE, Mercier RK, Stevens TW, Matter BJ. Camphor intoxication treated by lipid dialysis. JAMA 1968; 203:230-231.
60. Vasey RH, Karayannopoulos SJ. Camphorated oil. Br Med J 1972; 1:112.
61. Trestrail JH, 3rd, Spartz ME. Camphorated and castor oil confusion and its toxic results. Clin Toxicol 1977; 11:151-158.
62. Antman E, Jacob G, Volpe B, Finkel S, Savona M. Camphor overdosage. Therapeutic considerations. N Y State J Med 1978; 78:896-897.
63. Reid FM. Accidental camphor ingestion [letter]. JACEP 1979; 8:339-340.
64. Mascie-Taylor BH, Widdop B, Davison AM. Camphor intoxication treated by charcoal hæmoperfusion. Postgrad Med J 1981; 57:725-726.
65. Bridge CK. Hazards of camphorated oil [letter]. CMAJ 1995; 153:881.
66. Philpott NW. Intramuscular injections of camphor in the treatment of engorgement of the breasts. Can Med Assoc J. 1929:20:494-495.
67. Gronka PA, Bobkoskie RL, Tomchick GJ, Rakow AB. Camphor exposures in a packaging plant. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1969; 30:276-279.
68. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 2005: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0096.html
69. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Safety and Health Topics: Camphor: http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_224600.html#exposure.
70. Martin D, Valdez J, Boren J, Mayersohn M. Dermal absorption of camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 44:1151-1157.
71. Moore S. Poisoning by linimentum camphorae. Br Med J 1898; 2:717.
72. Dean BS, Burdick JD, Geotz CM, Bricker JD, Krenzelok EP. In vivo evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for camphor. Vet Hum Toxicol 1992; 34:297-300.
73. Gouin S, Patel H. Unusual cause of seizure. Pediatr Emerg Care 1996; 12:298-300.
74. Emery DP, Corban JG. Camphor toxicity. J Paediatr Child Health 1999; 35:105-106.
75. Clinical pharmacology™, electronic drug Information and medication management resource. Tampa (FL): Gold Standard Multimedia, 2004.
76. eFacts. Drug facts and comparisons. Chicago: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2004.10.