Seed production of Australian native grass cultivars: An overview of current information and future research needs

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 361-373

  Cole, I A ^a   Johnston, W H ^b  

^a NSW Department of Natural Resources   (Australia)

^b NSW Department of Natural Resources   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cultivar development; Domestication; Herbage seed; Plant breeding

Indexed keywords

CULTIVAR; PASTURE; SEED PRODUCTION;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA;

POACEAE;

EID: 33745673417     PISSN: 08161089     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/EA04107     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Anon. (1994) 'Forage seed-increase.' (International Livestock Centre for Africa: Addis Ababa)
2. Bean EW (1978) Principles of herbage seed-increase - technical bulletin No. 1. 2nd edn. Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Plas Gogerddan
3. Bell DT (1999) Turner review No. 1. The process of germination in Australian species. Australian Journal of Botany 47, 475-517. doi: 10.1071/BT98007
4. Beisel A (1983) Harvesting chaffy grass seed with the Woodward Flail-Vac Seed Stripper. In 'Range and pasture seeding in the Southern Great Plains. Proceedings of a symposium at Vernon, Texas'. (Eds HT Wiedemann, JF Cadenhead) pp. 55-59. (Texas A & M University: Texas)
5. Brock RD, Brown JM (1961) Cytotaxonomy of Australian Danthonia. Australian Journal of Botany 9, 62-91. doi: 10.1071/BT9610062
6. Brown KR (1980) Recent grass seed-increase studies in Canterbury. In 'Herbage seed production. Grasslands research and practice series No. 1'. pp. 12-14. (New Zealand Grassland Association: Palmerston North)
7. Chivers I (1998) Factors influencing the germination, establishment and seed-increase of weeping grass (Microlaena stipoides). MSc thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia.
8. Clifford HT (1962) Cleistogamy in Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Botany No. 6. pp. 63-72. The University of Queensland, Brisbane.
9. Cole IA, Metcalfe J (2003) Management guidelines for seed production of Australian grass cultivars. 2nd edn. (Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources: Sydney) Available at www.dipnr.nsw.gov.au/nativeveg/pdf/ seed_prod_2nd_edn.pdf (verified 22 February 2006).
10. Cole IA, Metcalfe J (2004) The effects of herbicides on Australian native grasses, a database of published literature. (Department of Infrastructure, planning and Natural Resources: Sydney) Available at www.dipnr.nsw.gov.au/ nativeveg/pdf/reference_database.pdf (verified 22 February 2006).
11. Cole IA, Waters C (1997) Harvesting and sowing native grasses. In 'Proceedings of the NSW Grassland Society 12th annual conference'. (Eds A Bowman, D Michalk) pp. 95-103. (Grassland Society of NSW Inc.: Orange)
12. Cole IA, Koen T, Metcalfe J, Johnston W, Mitchell M (2003) Tolerance of Austrodanthonia fulva, Microlaena stipoides and Elymus scaber seedlings to nine herbicides. Plant Protection Quarterly 18, 18-22.
13. Cole IA, Metcalfe J, Koen T (2004) The effect of removing caryopses from florets on germination and field establishment in an accession of Austrodanthonia fulva. Ecological Management and Restoration 5, 134-136. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2004.201-3.x
14. Coolbear P, Hill MJ, Win P (1997) Maturation of grass and legume seed. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 1: Temperate species'. (Eds DT Fairey, JG Hampton) pp. 181-217. (CABI publishing: Wallingford)
15. Corkill L, Rumball W (1980) The problems of amenity grass seed-increase in New Zealand. In 'Herbage seed production. Grasslands research and practice series No. 1'. (Ed. IA Lancashire) pp. 26-30. (New Zealand Grassland Association: Palmerston North)
16. Crane CF, Carman JG (1984) The nature and distribution of apomixis in Elymus rectisetus from eastern Australia. Agronomy Abstracts 60.
17. Evans LT, Knox RB (1969) Environmental control of reproduction in Themeda australis. Australian Journal of Botany 17, 375-389. doi: 10.1071/BT9690375
18. Fairey DT, Hampton JG 1997 Temperate forage seeds: an introduction. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 1: Temperate species'. (Eds DT Fairey, JG Hampton) pp. 1-7. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
19. Ferguson JE, de Andride RP (1999) Andropogon gayanus in Latin America. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 2: Tropical and sub-tropical species'. (Eds DS Loch, JE Ferguson) pp. 381-386. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
20. Ferguson JE, Loch DS (1999) Tropical and subtropical forage seed production: Looking back and to future horizons. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 2: Tropical and sub-tropical species'. (Eds DS Loch, JE Ferguson) pp. 445-457. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
21. Groves RH, Keraitis K, Moore CWE (1973) Relative growth of Themeda australis and Poa Labillardieri in pots in response to phosphorus and nitrogen. Australian Journal of Botany 21, 1-11. doi: 10.1071/BT9730001
22. Groves RH, Austin MP, Kaye PE (2003) Competition between Australian native and introduced grasses along a nutrient gradient. Austral Ecology 28, 491-498. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01305.x
23. Hagon MW (1976) Germination and dormancy of Themeda australis, Danthonia spp. Stipa bigeniculata and Bothriochloa macra. Australian Journal of Botany 24, 319-327. doi: 10.1071/BT9760319
24. Hagon MW, Groves RH (1977) Some factors affecting the establishment of four native grasses. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 17, 90-96. doi: 10.1071/EA9770090
25. Hampton JG, Hill MJ (1990) Herbage seed lots: are germination data sufficient? Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 52, 59-64.
26. Hampton JG, Rowarth JS (1998) Ryegrass. In 'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 67-74. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
27. Hare MD (1998) Fine fescue. In 'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 49-55. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
28. Hare MD, Hampton JG (1998) Bromus species. In 'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 25-34. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
29. Harty RL, McDonald HC (1972) Germination behaviour in beach spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus Labill.). Australian Journal of Botany 20, 241-251. doi: 10.1071/BT9720241
30. Hill MJ (1985) Persistence of temperate perennial grasses in cutting trials on the central slopes of New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, 832-839. doi: 10.1071/EA9850832
31. Hill MJ (1998) Yorkshire fog. In 'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 99-104. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
32. Hill MJ, Hampton JG, Hill KA (1997) Seed quality of grasses and legumes: an introduction. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 1: Temperate species'. (Eds DT Fairey, JG Hampton) pp. 219-242. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
33. Humphreys LR (1967) Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in Australia. Tropical Grasslands 1, 123-134.
34. Hutton EM (1971) Plant improvement for increased animal production. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 37, 212-225.
35. Huxtable CHA (1999) Rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines using native grasses. Final report project C6004. Australian Coal Association Research Program.
36. Johnston WH, Shoemark VF (1997) Establishment and persistence of palatable taxa of Eragrostis curvula complex in southern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, 55-65. doi: 10.1071/EA96025
37. Johnston WH, Clifton CA, Cole IA, Koen TB, Mitchell ML, Waterhouse DB (1998) Native perennial grasses for productive sustainable pastures in southern Australia. Final report project SCS10 Land and Water Resources Research and Development Resources Project. Research and Development Corporation Canberra, NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation, Wagga Wagga, NSW
38. Johnston WH, Mitchell M, Koen TB, Mulham WE, Waterhouse DB (2001) LIGULE: an evaluation of indigenous perennial grasses for dryland salinity management in south eastern Australia 1. A base germplasm collection. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 343-350. doi: 10.1071/AR99140
39. Johnston WH, Garden DL, Rancic A, Koen TB, Dassanayake KB, et al. (2003) The impact of pasture development and grazing on water-yielding catchments in the Murray Darling Basin in south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, 817-841. doi: 10.1071/EA02236
40. Jozwik FX (1969) Some systematic aspects of Mitchell grasses (Astrebla F. Muell.). Australian Journal of Botany 17, 359-374. doi: 10.1071/BT9690359
41. Keys MJ (1996) 'Prime pastures program - pasture establishment field guide.' (NSW Agriculture: Queanbeyan)
42. Langer RHM (1980) Growth of the grass plant in relation to seed-increase In 'Herbage seed production. Grasslands research and practice series No. 1'. (Ed. IA Lancashire) pp. 6-11. (New Zealand Grassland Association: Palmerston North)
43. Loch DS, Harvey GL (1997) Developing herbicide strategies for tropical herbage seed crops. In 'Proceedings of the 1st Australian new crops conference, new crops, new products: new opportunities for Australian agriculture'. RIRDC Research Paper No. 97/21 pp. 273-282. (The University of Queensland: Gatton)
44. Loch DS, deSouza FHD (1999) Seed harvesting and drying: grasses. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 2: Tropical and sub-tropical species'. (Eds DS Loch, JE Ferguson) pp. 381-386. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
45. Loch DS, Cook SJ, Harvey GL (1999a) Crop establishment. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 2: Tropical and sub-tropical species'. (Eds DS Loch, JE Ferguson) pp. 141-157. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
46. Loch DS, Ramirez Aviles L, Harvey GL (1999b) Crop management: grasses. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 2: Tropical and subtropical species'. (Eds DS Loch, JE Ferguson) pp. 159-176. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
47. Lodder MS, Groves RH, Müller WJ (1994) Early seedling growth of three species of Danthonia as affected by depth of sowing and nutrient supply. Australian Journal of Botany 42, 543-554. doi: 10.1071/BT9940543
48. Lodge GM (1981) Establishment of warm- and cool-season native perennial grasses on the north-west slopes of NSW II. Establishment and seedling survival in the field. Australian Journal of Botany 29, 121-133. doi: 10.1071/BT9810121
49. Lodge GM (1996) Temperate native Australian grass improvement by selection. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39, 487-497.
50. Lodge GM (2002) Studies of seed-increase in two Austrodanthonia grass cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 1197-1202. doi: 10.1071/AR01173
51. Lodge GM, McMillan MG (1994) Effects of herbicides on wallaby grass (Danthonia spp.). 2. Established plants. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, 759-764. doi: 10.1071/EA9940759
52. Lodge GM, Schipp AJ (1993) The domestication of the native grasses Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore and Danthonia linkii Kunth for agricultural use. II. Agronomic and morphologic variation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 79-88. doi: 10.1071/AR9930079
53. Lodge GM, Whalley RDB (1981) Establishment of warm- and cool-season native perennial grasses on the north-west slopes of New South Wales. I. Dormancy and germination. Australian Journal of Botany 29, 111-119. doi: 10.1071/BT9810111
54. Lodge GM, McMillan MG, Schipp AJ, Cook AS (1994) Effects of herbicides on wallaby grass (Danthonia spp.). 1. Establishment. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, 753-757. doi: 10.1071/EA9940753
55. Maze KM, Koen TB, Watt LA (1993) Factors influencing the germination of six perennial grasses of central New South Wales. Australian Journal of Botany 41, 79-90. doi: 10.1071/BT9930079
56. Mitchell M, Koen TB, Johnston WH, Waterhouse DB (2001) LIGULE: an evaluation of indigenous perennial grasses for dryland salinity management in south eastern Australia 2: field performance and the selection of promising ecotypes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 351-365. doi: 10.1071/AR99141
57. Mott JJ (1972) Germination studies on some annual species from an arid region of Western Australia. Journal of Ecology 60, 293-304.
58. Oram R, Culvenor R (1994) Phalaris improvement in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 37, 329-339.
59. Oram R, Lodge G (2003) Trends in temperate Australian grass breeding and selection. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 211-241. doi: 10.1071/AR02137
60. Osborne TGB (1931) On the autecology of Stipa nitida, a study of a fodder grass in arid Australia Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 56, 299-324.
61. Prober SM, Lunt ID, Thiele KR (2002) Determining reference conditions for management and restoration of temperate grassy woodlands: relationships among trees, topsoils and understorey flora in little grazed remnants. Australian Journal of Botany 50, 687-697. doi: 10.1071/BT02043
62. Read TR, Bellairs SM (1999) Smoke affects the germination of native grasses of New South Wales. Australian Journal of Botany 47, 563-576. doi: 10.1071/BT97124
63. Reddy K, Rolston MP (1998) Phalaris. In 'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 61-66. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
64. Rolston MP (1980) Recent developments in seed production in Oregon, USA. In 'Herbage seed production. Grasslands research and practice series No. 1'. (Ed. IA Lancashire) pp. 15-16. (New Zealand Grassland Association: Palmerston North)
65. Rolston MP, Brown KR, Hare MD, Young KA (1985) Grass seed-increase: weeds, herbicides and fertilisers. In 'Grasslands research and practice series No. 2. Producing herbage seeds'. (Eds MD Hare, JL Brock) pp. 15-22. (Lincoln College: Canterbury)
66. Rolston MP, Rowarth JS, Young WC III, Mueller-Warrant GW (1997) Grass seed crop management. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 1: Temperate species'. (Eds DT Fairey, JG Hampton) pp. 105-126. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
67. Rowarth JS (1998a) 'Practical herbage seedcrop management.' (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
68. Rowarth JS (1998b) Browntop. In 'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 37-40. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
69. Silcock RG, Williams LM, Smith FT (1990) Quality and storage characteristics of the seeds of important native pasture species in south-west Queensland. Australian Rangeland Journal 12, 14-20. doi: 10.1071/RJ9900014
70. Simon U, Hare MD, Kjaersgaard B, Clifford PTP, Hampton JG, Hill MJ (1997) Harvest and post harvest management of forage seed crops. In 'Forage seed production. Vol. 1: Temperate species'. (Eds DT Fairey, JG Hampton) pp. 181-217. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford)
71. Sindel BM, Groves RH (1990) Seed-increase potential and domestication of kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra). In 'Native grass workshop proceedings'. (Eds PM Dowling, DL Garden) pp. 171-172. (Australian Wool Corporation: Melbourne)
72. Sindel BM, Davidson SJ, Kilby MJ, Groves RH (1993) Germination and establishment of Themeda triandra (kangaroo grass) as affected by soil and seed characteristics. Australian Journal of Botany 41, 105-117. doi: 10.1071/BT9930105
73. Smith SR Jr, Smith S (1997) 'Native grass seed-increase manual.' (US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Manitoba Forage Seed Association, University of Manitoba: Manitoba)
74. Southwood O, Cregan PD, Dellow JJ, Walker RB (1981) 'Pasture establishment.' (NSW Agriculture: Orange)
75. Waters C, Whalley W, Huxtable C (2001) 'Grassed up. Guidelines for revegetating with Australian native grasses.' (NSW Agriculture: Orange)
76. Watt L (1974) The effect of water potential on the germination behaviour of several warm season grass species with special reference to cracking black clay soils. Journal of the Soil Conservation Service of NSW 30, 28-41.
77. Whalley RDB (1970) Exotic or native species - the orientation of pasture research in Australia. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 36, 111-118.
78. Whalley RDB, Jones CE (1996) Commercialisation of the Australian native grass Microlaena stipoides for turf, amenity and forage purposes. Final report project UNE 35A. Department of Botany University of New England, Armidale, NSW
79. Wills B, Trainer KD (1998) Tall oatgrass. In'Practical herbage seedcrop management'. (Ed. J Rowarth) pp. 85-90. (Lincoln University Press: Canterbury)
80. Yodder C (2000) Creeping red fescue seed-increase in the Peace River region, Alberta. Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development BC. Agdex 127/15-1.
81. Yule DF (1998) Controlled traffic farming - the future. In 'Proceedings of the 2nd national controlled traffic conference'. (Eds JN Tullberg, DF Yule) pp. 6-12. (The University of Queensland: Gatton)