Genotyping of single Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage by semi-nested PCR and direct sequencing

Water Research

Volumn 40, Issue 13, 2006, Pages 2527-2532

  Hashimoto, Atsushi ^a,b   Sugimoto, Hitomi ^b   Morita, Shigemitsu ^b   Hirata, Tsuyoshi ^b  

^a ANAN NATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b AZABU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

18S rRNA; Cryptosporidium; Genotype; PCR; Sewage

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; BACTERIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GENES; GENETIC ENGINEERING; RNA;

18S RRNA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GENOTYPES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS (PCR);

SEWAGE TREATMENT;

RIBOSOME RNA;

BACTERIA; BACTERIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GENES; GENETIC ENGINEERING; RNA; SEWAGE TREATMENT;

GENOTYPE; PATHOGEN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA; SEWAGE TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; CELL ISOLATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM MELEAGRIDIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; GENE SEQUENCE; GENOTYPE; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; INFESTATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OOCYTE; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PIPETTE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA GENE; SEWAGE; SPOROZOON; WATER CONTAMINATION;

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM MELEAGRIDIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SP.; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 33745631201     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.038     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Atherton F., Newman C., and Casemore D. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis associated with a water supply in UK. Epidemiol. Infect. 115 (1995) 123-131
2. Awad-El-Kariem F.M., Robinson H.A., Dyson D.A., Evans D., Wright S., Fox M.T., and McDonald V. Differentiation between human and animal strains of Cryptosporidium parvum using isoenzyme typing. Parasitol 110 (1995) 129-132
3. Gatei W., Greensill J., Ashford R.W., Cuevas L.E., Parry C.M., Cunliffe N.A., Beeching N.J., and Hart C.A. Molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium parasites from patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infections living in Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 (2003) 1458-1462
4. Hallier-Soulier S., and Guillot E. Detection of cryptosporidia and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in environmental water samples by immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89 (2000) 5-10
5. Hashimoto A., Kunikane S., and Hirata T. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the drinking water supply in Japan. Water Res. 36 (2002) 519-526
6. Jellison K.L., Hemond H.F., and Schauer D.B. Sources and species of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (2002) 569-575
7. Johnson D.W., Pieniazek N.J., Griffin D.W., Misener L., and Rose J.B. Development of PCR protocol for sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water sample. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 (1995) 3849-3855
8. LeChevallier M.W., and Norton W.D. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in raw and finished water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87 9 (1995) 54-68
9. LeChevallier M.W., Norton W.D., and Lee R.G. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57 (1991) 2610-2616
10. Lowery C.J., Moore J.E., Millar B.C., McCorry K.A.J., Xu J., Rooney P.J., and Dooley J.S.G. Occurrence and molecular genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water in Northern Ireland. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91 (2001) 774-779
11. MacKenzie W.R., Hoxie N.J., Proctor M.E., Schell W.L., Blair K.A., Addiss D.G., Peterson D.E., Kazmierczak J.J., and Davis J.P. The massive outbreak of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 311 (1994) 161-167
12. Mayer C., and Palmer C.J. Evaluation of PCR, nested PCR, and fluorescent antibodies for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 (1996) 2081-2085
13. McLauchlan J., Pedraza-Diaz S., Amar-Hoetzeneder C., and Nichols G.L. Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium strains from 218 patients with diarrhea diagnosed as having sporadic cryptosporidiosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37 (2000) 3153-3158
14. Monis P.T., and Saint C.P. Development of a nested-PCR assay for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in finished water. Water Res. 35 (2001) 1641-1648
15. Morgan U.M., Constantine C.C., Forbes D.A., and Thompson R.C.A. Differentiation between human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum using rDNA sequencing and direct PCR analysis. J. Parasitol. 83 (1997) 825-830
16. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/
17. Nichols R.A.B., Campbell B.M., and Smith H.V. Identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts in United Kingdom noncarbonated natural mineral waters and drinking waters using a modified nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 4183-4189
18. Peng M.M., Xiao L., Freeman A.R., Arrowood M.J., Escalante A.A., Weltman A.C., Ong C.S.L., MacKenzie W.R., Lal A.A., and Beard C.B. Genetic polymorphisms among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3 (1997) 567-573
19. Pieniazek N.J., Bornay-Linares F.J., Slemenda S.B., Silva A.J.D., Moura I.N.S., Arrowood M.J., Ditrich O., and Addiss D.G. New Cryptosporidium genotypes in HIV-infected persons. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5 (1999) 444-449
20. Rimihanen-Finne R., Ronkainen P., and Hanninen M.L. Simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia in sewage sludge by IC-PCR. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91 (2001) 1030-1035
21. Rose J.B., Gerba C.P., and Jakubowski W. Survey of potable water supplies for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25 (1991) 1393-1400
22. Shianna K.V., Rytter R., and Spanier J.G. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR analysis of bovine Cryptosporidium parvum strains from the watershed of the Red River of the North. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (1998) 2262-2265
23. Sturbaum G.D., Reed C., Hoover P.J., Jost B.H., Marshall M.M., and Sterling C.R. Species-specific, nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism detection of single Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 2665-2668
24. Sturbaum G.D., Klonicki P.T., Marshall M.M., Jost B.H., Clay B.L., and Sterling C.R. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-fluorescent antibody detection and IMS-PCR detection of seeded Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in natural waters and their limitations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (2002) 2991-2996
25. Tsushima Y., Karanis P., Kameda T., Xuan X., Makala L.H.C., Tohya Y., Akashi H., and Nagasawa H. Viability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts detected in river water in Hokkaido, Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65 (2003) 585-589
26. USEPA, 1995. ICR Protozoan Method for Detecting Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in Water, USEPA.
27. USEPA, 1999. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, USEPA.
28. Wallis P.M., Erlandsen S.L., Isaac-Renton J.L., Olson M.E., Robertson W.J., and Keulen H. Prevalence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts and characterization of Giardia spp. isolated from drinking water in Canada. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 627 (1996) 2789-2797
29. Ward P.I., Deplazes P., Regli W., Rinder H., and Mathis A. Detection eight Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface and waste water in Europe. Parasitol 124 (2003) 359-368
30. Xiao L., Alderisio K., Limor J., Royer M., and Lal A. Identification of species and source of Cryptosporidium oocysts in storm waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2000) 5492-5498
31. Xiao L., Singh A., Limor J., Graczyk T.K., Gradus S., and Lal A. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 1097-1101
32. Yagita K., Izumiyama S., Tachibana H., Masuda G., Iseki M., Furuya K., Kameoka Y., Kuroki T., Itagaki T., and Endo T. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from human and bovine infections in Japan. Parasitol. Res. 87 (2001) 950-955