Definition of cancer cachexia: Effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1345-1350

  Fearon, Kenneth C ^a,c   Voss, Anne C ^b   Hustead, Deborah S ^b  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b ABBOTT LABORATORIES   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cachexia; Food intake; Prognosis; Systemic inflammation

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CACHEXIA; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INFLAMMATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METASTASIS; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PANCREAS ABSCESS; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; SELF REPORT; WEIGHT REDUCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; EATING; HOSPITALIZATION; MORTALITY; PANCREAS TUMOR; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SURVIVAL;

AGED; CACHEXIA; EATING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; MALE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 33745624014     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1345     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Argiles JM, Moore-Carrasco R, Fuster G, Busquets S, Lopez-Soriano FJ. Cancer cachexia: the molecular mechanisms. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003;35:405-9.
2. Fearon KC. The Sir David Cuthbertson Medal Lecture 1991. The mechanisms and treatment of weight loss in cancer. Proc Nutr Soc 1992;51:251-65.
3. Laviano A, Meguid MM, Rossi-Fanelli F. Cancer anorexia: clinical implications, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies. Lancet Oncol 2003;4:686-94.
4. Stone P. The measurement, causes and effective management of cancer-related fatigue. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8:120-8.
5. Fearon KC, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Moses AG, et al. Effect of a protein and energy dense n-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut 2003;52:1479-86.
6. Hannan WJ, Cowen SJ, Plester CE, Fearon KC, deBeau A. Comparison of bio-impedance spectroscopy and multi-frequency bio-impedance analysis for the assessment of extracellular and total body water in surgical patients. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995;89:651-8.
7. Karnofsky DA, Abelmann WH, Craver LG, Burchenal JH. The use of the nitrogen mustards in the palliative treatment of carcinoma. Cancer 1948;1:634-56.
8. Bingham S, Wiggins HS, Englyst H, et al. Methods and validity of dietary assessments in four Scandinavian populations. Nutr Cancer 1982;4:23-33.
9. Gibson R. Principles of nutritional assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1990.
10. Kind P. EuroQol EQ-5D user guide. York, United Kingdom: Centre for Health Economics, University of York, 1998.
11. Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:365-76.
12. Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR, Maini BS, Schlamm HT, Smith MF. Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1977;1:11-22.
13. Moses AW, Slater C, Preston T, Barber MD, Fearon KC. Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Br J Cancer 2004;90:996-1002.
14. Falconer JS, Fearon KC, Ross JA, et al. Acute-phase protein response and survival duration of patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 1995;75:2077-82.
15. Lundholm K, Daneryd P, Bosaeus I, Korner U, Lindholm E. Palliative nutritional intervention in addition to cyclooxygenase and erythropoietin treatment for patients with malignant disease: effects on survival, metabolism, and function. Cancer 2004;100:1967-77.
16. Cleeland CS, Bennett GJ, Dantzer R, et al. Are the symptoms of cancer and cancer treatment due to a shared biologic mechanism? A cytokine-immunologic model of cancer symptoms. Cancer 2003;97:2919-25.
17. Terwee CB, Nieveen Van Dijkum EJ, Gouma DJ, et al. Pooling of prognostic studies in cancer of the pancreatic head and periampullary region: the Triple-P study. Triple-P study group. Eur J Surg 2000;166:706-12.
18. Wigmore SJ, Plester CE, Richardson RA, Fearon KC. Changes in nutritional status associated with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 1997;75:106-9.
19. Dewys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, et al. Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Med 1980;69:491-7.
20. Ross PJ, Ashley S, Norton A, et al. Do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancers? Br J Cancer 2004;90:1905-11.
21. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991;325:525-32.
22. Burris HA III, Moore MJ, Andersen J, et al. Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2403-13.