Are there differential symptom profiles that improve in response to different pharmacological treatments of premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

CNS Drugs

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 523-547

  Halbreich, Uriel ^a   O'Brien, P M Shaughn ^b   Eriksson, Elias ^c   Bäckström, Torbjörn ^d   Yonkers, Kimberly A ^e   Freeman, Ellen W ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b KEELE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^d UMEÅ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^e YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BROMOCRIPTINE; BUSERELIN; BUSPIRONE; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; DANAZOL; DESIPRAMINE; DROSPIRENONE PLUS ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL VALERATE PLUS NORETHISTERONE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; GOSERELIN; HISTRELIN; LEUPRORELIN; LISURIDE; MAPROTILINE; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; PROGESTERONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TAMOXIFEN; TIBOLONE;

ANXIETY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTRACEPTION; DEPRESSION; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; IRRITABILITY; MASTALGIA; META ANALYSIS; OVARIECTOMY; OVULATION INHIBITION; PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; ESTROGEN ANTAGONISTS; FEMALE; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMANS; MEDLINE; META-ANALYSIS; OVARIECTOMY; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS;

EID: 33745620181     PISSN: 11727047     EISSN: 11727047     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200620070-00001     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Association, 1994: 714-8
2. Halbreich U, Borenstein J, Pearlstein T, et al. The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 Suppl. 3: 1-23
3. Perkonigg A, Yonkers KA, Pfister H, et al. Risk factors for premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a community sample of young women: the role of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 (10): 1314-22
4. Wittchen HU, Becker E, Lieb R, et al. Prevalence, incidence and stability of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the community. Psychol Med 2002; 32 (1): 119-32
5. Deuster PA, Adera T, South-Paul J. Biological, social, and behavioral factors associated with premenstrual syndrome. Arch Fam Med 1999; 8 (2): 122-8
6. Freeman EW. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: definitions and diagnosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 Suppl. 3: 25-37
7. Halbreich U. The diagnosis of premenstrual syndromes and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: clinical procedures and research perspectives. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004; 19 (6): 320-34
8. Halbreich U, Endicott J, Schacht S, et al. The diversity of premenstrual changes as reflected in the Premenstrual Assessment Form. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1982; 65 (1): 46-65
9. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Premenstrual syndrome. Washington, DC: National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2000
10. World Health Organization. International classification of diseases. 10th rev. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996
11. Hammarbäck S, Ekholm UB, Bäckström T. Spontaneous anovulation causing disappearance of cyclical symptoms in women with the premenstrual syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991; 125 (2): 132-7
12. Hammarbäck S, Bäckström T, Holst J, et al. Cyclical mood changes as in the premenstrual tension syndrome during sequential estrogen-progestagen postmenopausal replacement therapy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64 (5): 393-7
13. Magos AL, Brewster E, Singh R, et al. The effects of norethisterone in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy: a model for the premenstrual syndrome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 93 (12): 1290-6
14. Casper RF, Hearn MT. The effect of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162 (1): 105-9
15. Casson P, Hahn PM, Van Vugt DA, et al. Lasting response to ovariectomy in severe intractable premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162 (1): 99-105
16. Hammarbäck S, Bäckström T. Induced anovulation as treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome: a double-blind cross-over study with GnRH-agonist versus placebo. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67 (2): 159-66
17. Mortola JF, Girton L, Fischer U. Successful treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome by combined use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and estrogen/progestin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72 (2): 252A-F
18. Hussain SY, Massil JH, Matta WH, et al. Buserelin in premenstrual syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1992; 6 (1): 57-64
19. Brown CS, Ling FW, Andersen RN, et al. Efficacy of depot leuprolide in premenstrual syndrome: effect of symptom severity and type in a controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84 (5): 779-86
20. West CP, Hillier H. Ovarian suppression with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist goserelin (Zoladex) in management of the premenstrual tension syndrome. Hum Reprod 1994; 9 (6): 1058-63
21. Freeman EW, Sondheimer SJ, Rickels K. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of premenstrual symptoms with and without ongoing dysphoria: a controlled study. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997; 33 (2): 303-9
22. Schmidt PJ, Nieman LK, Danaceau MA, et al. Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 338 (4): 209-16
23. Leather AT, Studd JW, Watson NR, et al. The treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome with goserelin with and without 'add-back' estrogen therapy: a placebo-controlled study. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999; 13 (1): 48-55
24. Sundstrom I, Nyberg S, Bixo M, et al. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in a low dose regimen. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78 (10): 891-9
25. Di Carlo C, Palomba S, Tommaselli GA, et al. Use of leuprolide acetate plus tibolone in the treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome. Fertil Steril 2001; 75 (2): 380-4
26. Gilmore DH, Hawthorn RJ, Hart DM. Danazol for premenstrual syndrome: a preliminary report of a placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Int Med Res 1985; 13: 129-30
27. Watts JF, Butt WR, Logan Edwards R. A clinical trial using danazol for the treatment of premenstrual tension. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 94 (1): 30-4
28. Watts JF, Edwards RL, Butt WR. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome using danazol: preliminary report of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose ranging study. J Int Med Res 1985; 13: 127-8
29. Gilmore DH, Hawthorn RJS, Hart DM. Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study using danazol. J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 9: 318-22
30. Deeny M, Hawthorn R, McKay Hart D. Low dose danazol in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome. Postgrad Med J 1991; 67 (787): 450-4
31. Fentiman IS, Caleffi M, Brame K, et al. Double-blind controlled trial of tamoxifen therapy for mastalgia. Lancet 1986; I (8476): 287-8
32. Magos AL, Brincat M, Studd JW. Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome by subcutaneous estradiol implants and cyclical oral norethisterone: placebo controlled study. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 292 (6536): 1629-33
33. Messinis IE, Lolis D. Treatment of premenstrual mastalgia with tamoxifen. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67 (4): 307-9
34. Watson NR, Studd JW, Savvas M, et al. Treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome with oestradiol patches and cyclical oral norethisterone. Lancet 1989; II (8665): 730-2
35. Dhar V, Murphy BE. Double-blind randomized crossover trial of luteal phase estrogens (Premarin) in the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Psychoneuroendocrinology 1990; 15 (5-6): 489-93
36. Kontostolis E, Stefanidis K, Navrozoglou I, et al. Comparison of tamoxifen with danazol for treatment of cyclical mastalgia. Gynecol Endocrinol 1997; 11 (6): 393-7
37. Graham CA, Sherwin BB. A prospective treatment study of premenstrual symptoms using a triphasic oral contraceptive. J Psychosom Res 1992; 36 (3): 257-66
38. Freeman EW, Kroll R, Rapkin A, et al. Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2001; 10 (6): 561-9
39. Pearlstein TB, Bachmann GA, Zacur HA, et al. Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with a new drospirenone-conatining oral contraceptive formulation. Contraception 2005 Dec; 72 (6): 414-21
40. Yonkers KA, Brown C, Pearlstein TB, et al. Efficacy of a new low-dose oral contraceptive with drospirenone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106 (3): 492-501
41. Rapkin A. A review of treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 Suppl. 3: 39-53
42. Johnson SR. Premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and beyond: a clinical primer for practitioners. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104 (4): 845-59
43. Studd J, Leather AT. The need for add-back with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103 Suppl. 14: 1-4
44. Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Ismail KM, et al. The effectiveness of GnRHa with and without 'add-back' therapy in treating premenstrual syndrome: a meta analysis. BJOG 2004; 111 (6): 585-93
45. Halbreich U. Algorithm for treatment of premenstrual syndromes (PMS): experts' recommendations and limitations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 20 (1): 48-56
46. Magill PJ. Investigation of the efficacy of progesterone pessaries in the relief of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. progesterone Study Group. Br J Gen Pract 1995; 45 (400): 589-93
47. Maddox PR, Harrison BJ, Horobin JM, et al. A randomised controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate in mastalgia. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1990; 72 (2): 71-6
48. Vanselow W, Dennerstein L, Greenwood KM, et al. Effect of progesterone and its 5 alpha and 5 beta metabolites on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome according to route of administration. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 17 (1): 29-38
49. Oinonen KA, Mazmanian D. To what extent do oral contraceptives influence mood and affect? J Affect Disord 2002; 70 (3): 229-40
50. Kahn LS, Halbreich U. Oral contraceptives and mood. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2001; 2 (9): 1367-82
51. Fuhrmann U, Krattenmacher R, Slater EP, et al. The novel progestin drospirenone and its natural counterpart progesterone: biochemical profile and antiandrogenic potential. Contraception 1996; 54 (4): 243-51
52. Eriksson E, Sundblad C, Lisjo P, et al. Serum levels of androgens are higher in women with premenstrual irritability and dysphoria than in controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1992; 17 (2-3): 195-204
53. Wang M, Hammarbäck S, Lindhe BA, et al. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome by spironolactone: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995; 74 (10): 803-8
54. Rapkin AJ. The role of serotonin in premenstrual syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1992; 35 (3): 629-36
55. Kouri EM, Halbreich U. State and trait serotonergic abnormalities in women with dysphoric premenstrual syndromes. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997; 33 (4): 767-70
56. Veeninga AT, Westenberg HG, Weusten JT. Fluvoxamine in the treatment of menstrually related mood disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1990; 102 (3): 414-6
57. Eriksson E, Hedberg MA, Andersch B, et al. The serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetin is superior to the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor maprotiline in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacology 1995; 12 (2): 167-76
58. Steiner M, Steinberg S, Stewart D, et al. Fluoxetine in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria. Canadian Fluoxetine/Premenstrual Dysphoria Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 332 (23): 1529-34
59. Su TP, Schmidt PJ, Danaceau MA, et al. Fluoxetine in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997; 16 (5): 346-56
60. Yonkers KA, Halbreich U, Freeman E, et al. Symptomatic improvement of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with sertraline treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Sertraline Premenstrual Dysphoric Collaborative Study Group. JAMA 1997; 278 (12): 983-8
61. Wikander I, Sundblad C, Andersch B, et al. Citalopram in premenstrual dysphoria: is intermittent treatment during luteal phases more effective than continuous medication throughout the menstrual cycle? J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 18 (5): 390-8
62. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Sondheimer SJ, et al. Differential response to antidepressants in women with premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56 (10): 932-9
63. Steiner M, Romano SJ, Babcock S, et al. The efficacy of fluoxetine in improving physical symptoms associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. BJOG 2001; 108 (5): 462-8
64. Cohen LS, Miner C, Brown EW, et al. Premenstrual daily fluoxetine for premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a placebo-controlled, clinical trial using computerized diaries. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100 (3): 435-44
65. Halbreich U, Bergeron R, Yonkers KA, et al. Efficacy of intermittent, luteal phase sertraline treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100 (6): 1219-29
66. Miner C, Brown E, McCray S, et al. Weekly luteal-phase dosing with enteric-coated fluoxetine 90mg in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Ther 2002; 24 (3): 417-33
67. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Sondheimer SJ, et al. Continuous or intermittent dosing with sertraline for patients with severe premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161 (2): 343-51
68. Steiner M, Hirschberg AL, Bergeron R, et al. Luteal phase dosing with paroxetine controlled release (CR) in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193 (2): 352-60
69. Rickels K, Freeman E, Sondheimer S. Buspirone in treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 1989; I (8641): 777
70. Sundblad C, Modigh K, Andersch B, et al. Clomipramine effectively reduces premenstrual irritability and dysphoria: a placebo-controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 85 (1): 39-47
71. Sundblad C, Hedberg MA, Eriksson E. Clomipramine administered during the luteal phase reduces the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome: a placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacolmacology 1993; 9 (2): 133-45
72. Eriksson E, Andersch B, Ho HP, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoria. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63 Suppl. 7: 16-23
73. Pearlstein TB, Stone AB, Lund SA, et al. Comparison of fluoxetine, bupropion, and placebo in the treatment of premenstrustrual al dysphoric disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 17 (4): 261-6
74. Taghavi E, Menkes DB, Howard RC, et al. Premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind controlled trial of desipramine and methylscopolamine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 10 (2): 119-22
75. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Sondheimer SJ, et al. A double-blind trial of oral progesterone, alprazolam, and placebo in treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome. JAMA 1995; 274 (1): 51-7
76. Yonkers KA, Halbreich U, Freeman E, et al. Sertraline in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 1996; 32 (1): 41-6
77. Dimmock PW, Wyatt KM, Jones PW, et al. Efficacy of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review. Lancet 2000; 356 (9236): 1131-6
78. Freeman EW, Sondheimer SJ, Rickels K, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in treatment of premenstrual symptoms with and without comorbidity of depression: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54 (5): 192-5
79. Halbreich U, Rojansky N, Palter S. Elimination of ovulation and menstrual cyclicity (with danazol) improves dysphoric premenstrual syndromes. Fertil Steril 1991; 56 (6): 1066-9
80. Freeman E, Rickels K, Sondheimer SJ, et al. Ineffectiveness of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome. JAMA 1990; 264 (3): 349-53
81. Wyatt K, Dimmock P, Jones P, et al. Efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in management of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. BMJ 2001; 323 (7316): 776-80
82. Dennerstein L, Spencer-Gardner C, Gotts G, et al. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290 (6482): 1617-21
83. West CP. Inhibition of ovulation with oral progestins: effectiveness in premenstrual syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1990; 34 (1-2): 119-28
84. Dennerstein L, Morse C, Gotts G, et al. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind trial of dydrogesterone. J Affect Disord 1986; 11 (3): 199-205
85. Williams JGC, Martin AJ, Hulkenberg-Tromp A. Premenstrual syndrome in four European countries: part 2. A double-blind controlled study of dydrogesterone. Br J Sex Med 1983; 10: 8-18
86. Sanders SA, Graham CA, Bass JL, et al. A prospective study of the effects of oral contraceptives on sexuality and well-being and their relationship to discontinuation. Contraception 2001; 64 (1): 51-8
87. Walker A, Bancroft J. Relationship between premenstrual symptoms and oral contraceptive use: a controlled study. Psychosom Med 1990; 52 (1): 86-96
88. Cohen LS, Soares CN, Lyster A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of premenstrual use of venlafaxine (flexible dose) in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004; 24 (5): 540-3
89. Halbreich U, Smoller JW. Intermittent luteal phase sertraline treatment of dysphoric premenstrual syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58 (9): 399-402
90. Landen M, Eriksson O, Sundblad C, et al. Compounds with affinity for serotonergic receptors in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria: a comparison of buspirone, nefazodone and placebo. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 155 (3): 292-8
91. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Yonkers KA, et al. Venlafaxine in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98 (5 Pt 1): 737-44
92. Harrison WM, Endicott J, Nee J. Treatment of premenstrual dysphoria with alprazolam: a controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47 (3): 270-5
93. Schmidt PJ, Grover GN, Rubinow DR. Alprazolam in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50 (6): 467-73
94. Berger CP, Presser B. Alprazolam in the treatment of two subsamples of patients with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84 (3): 379-85
95. Evans SM, Haney M, Levin FR, et al. Mood and performance changes in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: acute effects of alprazolam. Neuropsychopharmacology 1998; 19 (6): 499-516
96. Evans SM, Foltin RW, Fischman MW. Food "cravings" and the acute effects of alprazolam on food intake in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Appetite 1999; 32 (3): 331-49
97. Halbreich U, Ben-David M, Assael M, et al. Serum-prolatic in women with premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 1976; II (7987): 654-6
98. Benedek-Jaszmann LJ, Hearn-Sturtevant MD. Premenstrual tension and functional infertility: aetiology and treatment. Lancet 1976; I (7969): 1095-8
99. Graham JJ, Harding PE, Wise PH, et al. Prolactin suppression in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Med J Aust 1978; 2 (3 Suppl.): 18-20
100. Elsner CW, Buster JE, Schindler RA, et al. Bromocriptine in the treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 56 (6): 723-6
101. Ylostalo P, Kauppila A, Puolakka J, et al. Bromocriptine and norethisterone in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1981; 58: 292-8
102. Meden-Vrtovec H, Vujic D. Bromocriptine (Bromergon, Lek) in the management of premenstrual syndrome. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1992; 19 (4): 242-8
103. Ghose K, Coppen A. Bromocriptine and premenstrual syndrome: controlled study. BMJ 1977; 1 (6054): 147-8
104. Andersch B, Hahn L. Bromocriptine and premenstrual tension: a clinical and hormonal study. Pharmatherapeutica 1982; 3 (2): 107-13
105. Andersen AN, Larsen JF, Steenstrup OR, et al. Effect of bromocriptine on the premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind clinical trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1977; 84 (5): 370-4
106. Kullander S, Svanberg L. Bromocriptine treatment of the premenstrual syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1979; 58 (4): 375-8
107. Mansel RE, Dogliotti L. European multicentre trial of bromocriptine in cyclical mastalgia. Lancet 1990; 335 (8683): 190-3
108. Kaleli S, Aydin Y, Erel CT, et al. Symptomatic treatment of premenstrual mastalgia in premenopausal women with lisuride maleate: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study. Fertil Steril 2001; 75 (4): 718-23
109. O'Brien PM, Craven D, Selby C, et al. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome by spironolactone. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1979; 86 (2): 142-7
110. Vellacott ID, Shroff NE, Pearce MY, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of spironolactone in the premenstrual syndrome. Curr Med Res Opin 1987; 10 (7): 450-6
111. Burnet RB, Radden HS, Easterbrook EG, et al. Premenstrual syndrome and spironolactone. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 31 (4): 366-8
112. Hellberg D, Claesson B, Nilsson S. Premenstrual tension: a placebo-controlled efficacy study with spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1991; 34 (3): 243-8
113. Aslaksen K, Falk V. Spironolactone in the treatment of premenstrual tension: a double-blind study of spironolactone versus bendroflumethiaxide and placebo. Curr Ther Res 1991; 49: 120-30