Publication bias in foodborne outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease and its implications for evidence-based food policy. England and Wales 1992-2003

Epidemiology and Infection

Volumn 134, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 667-674

  O'Brien, Sarah J ^a,b   Gillespie, I A ^b   Sivanesan, M A ^b   Elson, R ^b   Hughes, C ^b   Adak, G K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; CALCULATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FISH; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD POISONING; FOOD SAFETY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTESTINE INFECTION; MEAT; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MILK; PEER REVIEW; POULTRY; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SHELLFISH; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANIMALS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ENGLAND; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; FOOD POISONING; FOOD SUPPLY; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; INTESTINAL DISEASES; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PUBLICATION BIAS; WALES;

EID: 33745569697     PISSN: 09502688     EISSN: 14694409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268805005765     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Food Standards Agency. Business plan 2000/01 (www.foodstandards.gov.uk/ pdf_files/business_plan.pdf). Accessed 10 March 2004.
2. Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food. The Microbiological Safety of Food. Part 1, 1990. London: HMSO.
3. Djuretic T, et al. General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales 1992 to 1994. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R57-R63.
4. Evans HS, et al. General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales: 1995 and 1996. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 165-171.
5. Gillespie IA, et al. Milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease, England and Wales, 1992-2000. Epidemiology and Infection 2003; 130: 461-468.
6. Dean AG, et al. Epi-Info, version 5: A word processing, database, and statistics programme for epidemiology on microcomputers. Georgia, USD Inc., 1990.
7. National Library of Medicine. PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/). Accessed 10 March 2004.
8. Anon. (http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/). CDR Weekly. Accessed 10 March 2004.
9. Walker RA, et al. Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in outbreak-associated multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104. Veterinary Record 2000; 147: 395-396.
10. Holtby I, Stenson P. Food poisoning in two homes for the elderly. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1992; 2: R125-R126.
11. Patterson T, Hutchings P, Palmer S. Outbreak of SRSV gastroenteritis at an international conference traced to food handled by a post-symptomatic caterer. Epidemiology and Infection 1993; 111: 157-162.
12. Riordan T, Humphrey TJ, Fowles A. A point source outbreak of campylobacter infection related to bird-pecked milk. Epidemiology and Infection 1993; 110: 261-265.
13. Synnott M, et al. An outbreak of Salmonella mikawasima associated with doner kebabs. Epidemiology and Infection 1993; 111: 473-481.
14. Ayres P, et al. Food poisoning associated with a self-catered wedding reception. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1994; 4: R62-R63.
15. Bonner D, Schweiger M. Apple pie: An unusual vehicle for food poisoning. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1994; 4: R60-R61.
16. Dryden MS, et al. Asymptomatic foodhandlers as the source of nosocomial salmonellosis. Journal of Hospital Infection 1994; 28: 195-208.
17. Lo SV, et al. The role of the pre-symptomatic food handler in a common source outbreak of food-borne SRSV gastroenteritis in a group of hospitals. Epidemiology and Infection 1994; 113: 513-521.
18. Morgan D, et al. An outbreak of Campylobacter infection associated with the consumption of unpasteurised milk at a large festival in England. European Journal of Epidemiology 1994; 10: 581-585.
19. Willshaw GA, et al. Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in beefburgers linked to an outbreak of diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Britain. Letters in Applied Microbiology 1994; 19: 304-307.
20. Wright JP, et al. Food poisoning at a Masonic lodge. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1994; 4: R58-R60.
21. Brugha RF, et al. Chaos under canvas: A Salmonella enteritidis PT 6B outbreak. Epidemiology and Infection 1995; 115: 513-517.
22. Evans MR, Parry SM, Ribeiro CD. Salmonella outbreak from microwave cooked food. Epidemiology and Infection 1995; 115: 227-230.
23. Fahey T, et al. An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis associated with failed milk pasteurisation. Journal of Infection 1995; 31: 137-143.
24. Holtby I, et al. Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection associated with cheese and onion quiche. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1995; 5: R118-R119.
25. Murphy O, et al. An outbreak of campylobacter food poisoning in a health care setting. Journal of Hospital Infection 1995; 30: 225-228.
26. Perrett K, Kudesia G. Gastroenteritis associated with oysters. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1995; 5: R153-R154.
27. Davies A, et al. An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 food poisoning associated with eating beef. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R159-R162.
28. Djuretic T, Wall PG, Nichols G. An outbreak of Salmonella infection from ice cream. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 335: 824-825.
29. Evans MR, et al. A milk-borne campylobacter outbreak following an educational farm visit. Epidemiology and Infection 1996; 117: 457-462.
30. Evans MR, et al. Consecutive salmonella outbreaks traced to the same bakery. Epidemiology and Infection 1996; 116: 161-167.
31. Hastings L, et al. Salm-Net facilitates collaborative investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella tosamanga infection in Europe. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R100-R102.
32. Jakubovic MO, Hochuli VK. Food poisoning among clients of a meals on wheels service. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R186-R188.
33. Killalea D, et al. International epidemiological and microbiological study of outbreak of Salmonella agona infection from a ready to eat savoury snack - I: England and Wales and the United States. British Medical Journal 1996; 313: 1105-1107.
34. Lewis DA, et al. Marshmallows cause an outbreak of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R183-R186.
35. Stevenson J, Hanson S. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 phage type 2 infection associated with eating precooked meats. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R116-R118.
36. Wight JP, et al. Four outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 food poisoning linked to a single baker. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1996; 6: R112-R115.
37. Willocks LJ, et al. Salmonella virchow PT 26 infection in England and Wales: A case control study investigating an increase in cases during 1994. Epidemiology and Infection 1996; 117: 35-41.
38. Chapman PA, et al. An outbreak of infection due to verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in four families: The influence of laboratory methods on the outcome of the investigation. Epidemiology and Infection 1997; 119: 113-119.
39. Clark A, et al. A community outbreak of Vero cytotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157 infection linked to a small farm dairy. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1997; 7: R206-R211.
40. Gelletlie R, et al. Cryptosporidiosis associated with school milk. Lancet 1997; 350: 1005-1006.
41. Holtby I, et al. Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 6 infection associated with food items provided at a buffet meal. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1997; 7: R87-R90.
42. McDonnell RJ, et al. An outbreak of Vero cytotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with takeaway sandwiches. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1997; 7: R201-R205.
43. Patterson W, et al. Outbreak of small round structured virus gastroenteritis arose after kitchen assistant vomited. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1997; 7: R101-R103.
44. Stuart J, et al. Outbreak of campylobacter enteritis in a residential school associated with bird pecked bottle tops. Communicable Disease Report. CDR Review 1997; 7: R38-R40.
45. Ang LH. An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis associated with eating raw oysters. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 38-40.
46. Cornell J, Neal KR. Protracted outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium definitive phage type 170 food poisoning related to tripe, 'pig bag', and chitterlings. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 28-30.
47. Dodhia H, Kearney J, Warburton F. A birthday party, home-made ice cream, and an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 6 infection. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 31-34.
48. Evans MR, et al. A campylobacter outbreak associated with stir-fried food. Epidemiology and Infection 1998; 121: 275-279.
49. Greenwood M, Winnard G, Bagot B. An outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 19 infection associated with cockles. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 35-37.
50. Hansell AL, et al. An outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 5a infection in a residential home for elderly people. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 172-175.
51. Llewellyn LJ, Evans MR, Palmer SR. Use of sequential case-control studies to investigate a community Salmonella outbreak in Wales. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1998; 52: 272-276.
52. Maguire HC, et al. Shigella outbreak in a school associated with eating canteen food and person to person spread. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 279-280.
53. Rushdy AA, et al. National outbreak of Salmonella senftenberg associated with infant food. Epidemiology and Infection 1998; 120: 125-128.
54. Synnott MB, et al. An outbreak of Salmonella agona infection associated with precooked turkey meat. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1998; 1: 176-179.
55. Anon. E coli O157 food poisoning outbreak linked to milk. Veterinary Record 1999; 144: 274.
56. Evans MR, et al. An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT170 associated with kebab meat and yogurt relish. Epidemiology and Infection 1999; 122: 377-383.
57. Fone DL, Lane W, Salmon RL. Investigation of an outbreak of gastroenteritis at a hospital for patients with learning difficulties. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1999; 2: 35-38.
58. Gent RN, Telford DR, Syed Q. An outbreak of campylobacter food poisoning at a university campus. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1999; 2: 39-42.
59. Threlfall EJ, et al. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis identifies an outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Montevideo infection associated with a supermarket hot food outlet. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1999; 2: 207-209.
60. Wilson D, et al. Common source outbreak of salmonellosis in a food factory. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1999; 2: 32-34.
61. Ejidokun OO, et al. Four linked outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection - the continuing egg threat. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2000; 3: 95-100.
62. Maguire H, et al. Hospital outbreak of Salmonella virchow possibly associated with a food handler. Journal of Hospital Infection 2000; 44: 261-266.
63. Pearson AD, et al. Continuous source outbreak of campylobacteriosis traced to chicken. Journal of Food Protein 2000; 63: 309-314.
64. Metz R, et al. Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis gastrointestinal infections among medical staff due to contaminated food prepared outside the hospital. Journal of Hospital Infection 2001; 48: 324-325.
65. Holtby I, et al. Outbreak of Norwalk-like virus infection associated with salad provided in a restaurant. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2001; 4: 305-310.
66. Mason BW, et al. Outbreak of Salmonella indiana associated with egg mayonnaise sandwiches at an acute NHS hospital. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2001; 4: 300-304.
67. Steel N, Myers L, Bailey J. An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis at a charity function. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2001; 4: 68-70.
68. Goh S, et al. E. coli O157 phage type 21/28 outbreak in North Cumbria associated with pasteurized milk. Epidemiology and Infection 2002; 129: 451-457.
69. Ward LR, et al. Collaborative investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport in England and Wales in 2001 associated with ready-to-eat salad vegetables. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2002; 5: 301-304.
70. Duncanson P, Wareing DR, Jones O. Application of an automated immunomagnetic separation-enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Salmonella spp. during an outbreak associated with a retail premises. Letters in Applied Microbiology 2003; 37: 144-148.
71. Anon. (http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/). CDR Weekly. Accessed 10 March 2004.
72. Anon. Directive 2003/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November, 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Council Decision 90/424/EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union 2003; 46: L325/31-L325/ 40.