Why did the ancient inhabitants of Palmyra suffer fluorosis?

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 33, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1411-1418

  Yoshimura, K ^a   Nakahashi, T ^a   Saito, K ^b  

^a KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Archaeological Institute of Kashihara   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ancient Palmyra; Dental fluorosis; Dissolution equilibrium on fluorite; Fluoride in drinking water; Fluoride in tooth; Southeast Necropolis; Syria; Underground tombs

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; FLUORIDE; FOSSIL; SKELETAL REMAINS; TOOTH;

ASIA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST; SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC;

PALMYRA;

EID: 33745546927     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.016     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Akpata E.S., Fakiha Z., and Khan N. Dental fluorosis in 12-15-year-old rural children exposed to fluorides from well drinking water in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 25 (1977) 324-327
2. Al-Saad D., Sawaf T., Gebran A., Barazangi M., Best J., and Chaimov T. Structure of the northeast intracontinental Palmyride mountain belt and adjacent crustal blocks in Syria. Northern Arabian Platform transect across the Palmyride mountain belt, Syrian Arab Republic No. 187 Publication of the International Lithosphere Program (1991), American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. 1-5
3. Bhargavi V., Khandare A.L., Venkaiah K., and Sarojini G. Mineral content of water and food in fluorotic villages and prevalence of dental fluorosis. Biological Trace Element Research 100 (2004) 195-203
4. Hallsworth A.S., Weatherell J.A., and Deutsch D. Determination of subnanogram amounts of fluoride with the fluoride electrode. Analytical Chemistry 48 (1976) 1660-1664
5. Harris D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. fourth ed. (1995), W.H. Freeman, New York pp. 93-94
6. Heller K.E., Eklund S.A., and Burt B.A. Dental caries and dental fluorosis at varying water fluoride concentrations. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 57 (1977) 136-143
7. In: Higuchi T., and Izumi T. (Eds). Tombs A and C, Southeast Necropolis, Palmyra, Syria (2001), Research Center for Silk Roadology, Nara
8. In: Higuchi T., and Saito K. (Eds). Tomb F-Tomb of BWLH and BWRP- Southeast Necropolis Palmyra, Syria vol. 2 (2002), Publication of Research Center for Silk Roadology, Research Center for Silk Roadlogy, Nara
9. ICARDA. (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), ICARDA's Research Portfolio. ICARDA Annual Report 2001 (2001). Aleppo, Syria
10. Lukacs J.R. Dental fluorosis in early Neolithic Pakistan. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 63 (1985) 188
11. Lukacs J.R., Retief D.H., and Jarrige J.F. Dental disease in prehistoric Baluchistan. National Geographic Research 1 (1985) 184-197
12. Matsuura S., and Kokubu N. The Study on Fluoride (1972), University of Tokyo Publisher, Tokyo
13. Meenakshi V.K., Garg Kavita R., and Malik A. Groundwater quality in some villages of Haryana, India: focus on fluoride and fluorosis. Journal of Hazardous Materials 106B (2004) 85-97
14. Nakahashi T. Problems surrounding the skeletal remains unearthed from Tomb C. In: Higuchi T., and Izumi T. (Eds). Tombs A and C, Southeast Necropolis, Palmyra, Syria (1994), Research Center for Silk Roadology, Nara 147-154
15. Nakahashi T., Funahashi K., Koga H., and Yoshimura K. Human skeletal remains. In: Higuchi T., and Saito K. (Eds). Tomb F - Southeast Necropolis Palmyra, Syria (2001), Research Center for Silk Roadology, Nara 145-163
16. Parkhurst D.L., Thorstenson D.C., and Plummer L.N. PHREEQC a computer program for geochemical calculations. United States Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-96 (1980) 1-195
17. Rugg-Gunn A.J., al-Mohammadi S.M., and Butler T.J. Effects of fluoride level in drinking water, nutritional status, and socio-economic status on the prevalence of developmental defects of dental enamel in permanent teeth in Saudi 14-year-old boys. Caries Research 31 (1997) 259-267
18. Sakaguchi Y. Paleoenvironments in Palmyra district during the Late Quaternary, The University Museum, The University Tokyo. Bulletin 29 (1987) 1-27
19. Sakata T. Topography of Palmyra and restoration of the Palaeoenvironment. In: Higuchi T., and Izumi T. (Eds). Tombs A and C, Southeast Necropolis, Palmyra, Syria (1994), Research Center for Silk Roadology, Nara 155-162
20. Shah M.T., and Danishwar S. Potential fluoride contamination in the drinking water of Naranji area, Northwest Frontier Province, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 25 (2003) 475-481
21. Smith R.M., and Martell A.E. Critical Stability Constants vol. 4 (1976), Inorganic Complexes, Prenum, New York
22. Stecher O. Fluorine geochemistry in volcanic rock series: examples from Iceland and Jan Mayen. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 (1998) 3117-3130
23. Weatherell J.A., and Robinson C. Fluoride in teeth and bone. In: Ekstrand J., Fejerskov O., and Silverstone L.M. (Eds). Fluoride in Dentistry (1988), Munksgaad, Copenhagen 28-59
24. WHO. Guideline for drinking-water quality. Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information. second ed. vol. 2 (1996), WHO, Geneva
25. 2 and sulfuric acid. Chemical Geology 177 (2001) 415-430
26. 2 in natural waters and its role in extensive tufa deposition in the Huanglong Ravines, Sichuan, China. Chemical Geology 205 (2004) 141-153