Scent marking in sifaka: No one function explains it all

American Journal of Primatology

Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 622-636

  Lewis, Rebecca J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Lemur; Olfactory communication; Propithecus

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR; HOME RANGE; MATE ATTRACTION; PRIMATE; SCENT MARKING;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CONFERENCE PAPER; FEMALE; MADAGASCAR; MALE; ODOR; PHYSIOLOGY; PROSIMIAN; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR;

ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HOMING BEHAVIOR; MADAGASCAR; MALE; ODORS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; SMELL; STREPSIRHINI;

INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS; KIRINDY FOREST; MADAGASCAR; TOLIARA;

ANIMALIA; PROPITHECUS SP.; PROPITHECUS VERREAUXI VERREAUXI; STREPSIRHINI;

EID: 33745532076     PISSN: 02752565     EISSN: 10982345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20256     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (66)

1. Altmann J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 48:227-265.
2. Brockman DK. 1994. Reproduction and mating system of Verreaux's sifaka, Propithecus verreauxi, at Beza Mahafaly, Madagascar. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
3. Brockman DK. 1999. Reproductive behavior of female Propithecus verreauxi at Beza-Mahafaly, Madagascar. Int J Primatol 20:375-398.
4. Brumloop A, Homburg I, Peetz A, Riehl R. 1995. Gular scent glands in adult female white-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia pithecia, and field observations on scent-marking behavior. Folia Primatol 63:212-215.
5. Clark AB. 1982a. Scent marks as social signals in Galago crassicaudatus. I. Sex and reproductive status as factors in signals and responses. J Chem Ecol 8:1133-1151.
6. Clark AB. 1982b. Scent marks as social signals in Galago crassicaudatus. II. Discrimination between individuals by scent. J Chem Ecol 8:1153-1165.
7. Converse LJ, Carlson AA, Ziegler TE, Snowdon CT. 1995. Communication of ovulatory state to mates by female pygmy marmosets, Cebuella pygmaea. Anim Behav 49:615-621.
8. Epple G, Alveario MC, Belcher AM, Smith AB III. 1987. Species and subspecies specificity in urine and scent marks of saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis). Int J Primatol 8:663-680.
9. Epple G, Belcher AM, Künderling I, Zeller U, Scolnick L, Greenfield KL, Smith AB III. 1993. Making sense out of scents: species differences in scent glands, scent-marking behaviour, and scent-mark composition in the callitrichidae. In: Rylands AB, editor. Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour, and ecology. Oxford: Oxford University. p 123-151.
10. Feistner ATC. 1991. Scent marking in madrills, Mandrillus sphinx. Folia Primatol 57:42-47.
11. Ferkin MH. 1999. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus, Arvicolidae) over-mark and adjacent-mark the scent marks of same-sex conspecifics. Ethology 105:825-837.
12. Fisher HS, Swaisgood RR, Fitch-Snyder H. 2003. Countermarking by male pygmy lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus): do females use odor cues to select mates with high competitive ability? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 53:123-130.
13. French JA, Cleveland J. 1984. Scent-marking in the tamarin, Saguinus oedipus: sex differences and ontogeny. Anim Behav 32:615-623.
14. Fornasieri I, Roeder J-J. 1992. Marking behavior in two lemur species (L. fulvus and L. macaco): relation to social status, reproduction, aggression and environmental change. Folia Primatol 59:137-148.
15. Ganzhorn JU. 2002. Distribution of a folivorous lemur in relation to seasonally varying food resources: integrating quantitative and qualitative aspects of food characteristics. Oecologia 131:427-435.
16. Gorman ML. 1990. Scent marking strategies in mammals. Rev Suisse Zool 97:3-29.
17. Gosling LM, Roberts SC. 2001. Scent-marking by male mammals: cheat-proof signals to competitors and mates. Adv Study Behav 30:169-217.
18. Gould L, Overdorff DJ. 2002. Adult male scent-marking in Lemur catta and Eulemur fulvus rufus. Int J Primatol 23:575-586.
19. Harrington JE. 1971. Olfactory communication in Lemur fulvus. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC.
20. Harrington JE. 1974. Olfactory communication in Lemur fulvus. In: Doyle GA, Martin RD, editors. The study of prosimian behavior. New York: Academic Press. p 331-346.
21. Harrington JE. 1976. Discrimination between individuals by scent in Lemur fulvus. Anim Behav 24:207-212.
22. Harrington JE. 1977. Discrimination between males and females by scent in Lemur fulvus. Anim Behav 25:147-151.
23. Heymann EW. 1998. Sex differences in olfactory communication in a primate, the moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax (Callitrichinae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 43:37-45.
24. Heymann EW. 2000. Spatial patterns of scent marking in wild moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax: no evidence for a territorial function. Anim Behav 60:723-730.
25. Heymann EW. 2003. Scent marking, paternal care, and sexual selection in callitrichines. Special topics in primatology. In: Jones CB, editor. Sexual selection and reproductive competition in primates: new perspectives and directions. Norman, OK: American Society of Primatologists. p 305-325.
26. Johnston RE, Bhorade A. 1998. Perception of scent over-marks by golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus): novel mechanisms for determining which individual's mark is on top. J Comp Psychol 112:230-243.
27. Johnston RE, Chiang G, Tung C. 1994. The information in scent over-marks of golden-hamsters. Anim Behav 48:323-330.
28. Jolly A. 1966. Lemur behavior: a Madagascar field study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 187p.
29. Kappeler PM. 1988. A preliminary study of olfactory behavior of captive Lemur coronatus during the breeding season. Int J Primatol 9:135-146.
30. Kappeler PM. 1990. Social status and scent-marking behavior in Lemur catta. Anim Behav 40:774-788.
31. Kappeler PM. 1998. To whom it may concern: the transmission and function of chemical signals in Lemur catta. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 42:411-421.
32. Katsir Z, Crewe RM. 1980. Chemical communication in Galago crassicaudatus: investigation of the chest gland secretion. S Afr J Zool 15:249-254.
33. Kraus C, Heistermann M, Kappeler PM. 1999. Physiological suppression of sexual function of subordinate males: a subtle form of intrasexual competition among male sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)? Physiol Behav 66:855-861.
34. Kruuk H. 1992. Scent marking by otters (Lutra lutra): signaling the use of resources. Behav Ecol 3:133-140.
35. Kubzdela KS. 1997. Sociodemography in diurnal primates: the effects of group size and female dominance rank on intra-group spatial distribution, feeding competition, female reproductive success, and female dispersal patterns in white sifaka, Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
36. Lazaro-Perea C, Snowdon CT, de Fátima Arruda M. 1999. Scent-marking in wild groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 46:313-324.
37. Lewis RJ. 2004. Male-female relationships in sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi): power: conflict, and cooperation. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC.
38. Lewis RJ. 2005. Sex differences in scent-marking in sifaka: mating conflict or male services? Am J Phys Anthropol 128:389-398.
39. Lewis RJ, Kappeler PM. 2005. Seasonality, body condition, and the timing of reproduction in Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi in Kirindy. Am J Primatol 67:347-364.
40. Lewis RJ, van Schaik CP. Bimorphism in male Verreauy's sifaka in the Kirindy Forest of Madagascar. Int J Primatol (in press).
41. Mertl AS. 1975. Discrimination of individuals by scent in a primate. Behav Biol 14:505-509.
42. Mertl-Millhollen AS. 1979. Olfactory demarcation of territorial boundaries by a primate-Propithecus verreauxi. Folia Primatol 32:35-42.
43. Miller KE, Laszlo K, Dietz JM. 2003. The role of scent marking in the social communication of wild golden lion tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia. Anim Behav 65:795-803.
44. Palagi E, Telara S, Borgognini Tarli SM. 2003. Sniffing behavior in Lemur catta: seasonality, sex, and rank. Int J Primatol 24:335-350.
45. Pochron ST, Morelli TL, Terranova P, Scirbona J, Cohen J, Kunaperredy G, Rakotonirina G, Ratsimbazafy R, Rakotosoa R, Wright PC. 2005. Patterns of male scent-marking in Propithecus edwardsi of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 65:103-115.
46. Pochron ST, Morelli TL, Scirbona J, Wright PC. 2005. Sex differences in scent marking in Propithecus edwardsi of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 66:97-110.
47. Powzyk JA. 1997. The socio-ecology of two sympatric indriids: Propithecus diadema diadema and Indri indri, a comparison of feeding strategies and their possible repercussions on species-specific behaviors. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC.
48. Ralls K. 1971. Mammalian scent marking. Science 171:443-449.
49. Richard AF. 1974. Patterns of mating in Propithecus verreauxi. In: Martin RD, Doyle GA, Walker AC, editors. Prosimian behaviour. Duckworth: London. p 49-74.
50. Richard AF. 1978. Behavioral variation: case study of a malagasy lemur. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 213p.
51. Richard AF. 1985. Social boundaries in a Malagasy prosimian, the sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi). Int J Primatol 6:553-568.
52. Richard AF. 1992. Aggressive competition between males, female-controlled polygyny and sexual monomorphism in a Malagasy primate, Propithecus verreauxi. J Hum Evol 22:395-406.
53. Richard AF, Rakotomanga P, Schwartz M. 1993. Dispersal by Propithecus verreauxi at Beza Mahafaly, Madagascar: 1984-1991. Am J Primatol 30:1-20.
54. Richard AF, Dewar RE, Schwartz M, Ratsirarson J. 2000. Mass change, environmental variability and female fertility in wild Propithecus verreauxi. J Hum Evol 39:381-391.
55. Roberts SC, Dunbar RIM. 2000. Female territoriality and the function of scent-marking in a monogamous antelope (Oreotragus oreotragus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 47:417-423.
56. Roper TJ, Butler CJ, Christian SE, Ostler J, Schmid TK. 1993. Territorial marking with faeces in badgers (Meles meles): a comparison of boundary and hinterland use. Behaviour 127:289-307.
57. Schilling A. 1979. Olfactory communication in prosimians. In: Doyle GA, Martin RD, editors. The study of prosimian behavior. New York: Academic Press. p 461-542.
58. Schilling A, Perret M. 1987. Chemical signals and reproductive capacity in a male prosimian primate (Microcebus murinus). Chem Senses 12:143-151.
59. Schulte BA. 1998. Scent marking and responses to male castor fluid by beavers. J Mammal 79:191-203.
60. Smith TE, Tomlinson AJ, Mlotkiewicz JA, Abbott DH. 2001. Female marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) can be identified from the chemical composition of their scent marks. Chem Senses 26:449-458.
61. Smith TE, Gordon SJ. 2002. Sex differences in olfactory communication in Saguinus labiatus. Int J Primatol 23:429-441.
62. Sorg J-P, Rohner U. 1996. Climate and phenology of the dry deciduous forest at Kirindy. Primate Rep 46:57-80.
63. Sun L, Müller-Schwarze D. 1998. Beaver response to recurrent alien scents: scent fence or scent match? Anim Behav 55:1529-1536.
64. Wolff JO, Mech SG, Thomas SA. 2002. Scent marking in female prairie voles: a test of alternative hypotheses. Ethology 108:483-494.
65. Woodward RL Jr, Schmick MK, Ferkin MH. 1999. Response to prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster (Rodentia, Arvicolidae), to scent over-marks of two same-sex conspecifics: a test of the scent-masking hypotheses. Ethology 105:1009-1017.
66. Zeigler TE, Epple G, Snowdon CT, Porter TA, Belcher AM, Künderling I. 1993. Detection of the chemical signals of ovulation in the cotton-top tamarin, Saguinus oedipus. Anim Behav 45:313-322.