Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing: An update

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

Volumn 49, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 535-546

  Lehman, Everett J ^a   Hein, Misty J ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Dementia; Leukemia; Lung cancer; Methyl ethyl ketone; Shoe manufacturing; Solvents; Toluene; Xylene

Indexed keywords

2 BUTANONE; ACETONE; HEXANE; ORGANIC SOLVENT; TOLUENE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER MORTALITY; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT ANALYSIS; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT DURATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA; LUNG CANCER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE; SHOE INDUSTRY; TREND STUDY; UNITED STATES; WORKER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; CHILD; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INDUSTRY; LEUKEMIA; LIFE TABLES; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SHOES; SOLVENTS; TOLUENE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33745456877     PISSN: 02713586     EISSN: 10970274     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20322     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Åbjörnsson G, Pålsson B, Bergendorf U, Karlson B, Österberg K, Ørbaek P. 1998. Long-term follow-up of psychological distress, social functioning, and coping style in treated and untreated patients with solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy. J Occup Environ Med 40(9):801-807.
2. Anttila A, Pukkala E, Riala R, Sallmen M, Hemminki K. 1998. Cancer incidence among Finnish workers exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 71(3):187-193.
3. Axelson O, Steenland K. 1988. Indirect methods of assessing the effects of tobacco use in occupational studies. Am J Ind Med 13(1):105-118.
4. Axelson O, Hane M, Hogstedt C. 1976. A case-referent study on neuropsychiatric disorders among workers exposed to solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health 2(1):14-20.
5. Berlin K, Edling C, Persson B, Ahlborg G, Hillert L, Hogstedt B, Lundberg I, Svensson BG, Thiringer G, Ørbaek P. 1995. Cancer incidence and mortality of patients with suspected solvent-related disorders. Scand J Work Environ Health 21(5):362-367.
6. Breslow N, Day N. 1987. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol II. International Agency for Research on Cancer Sci. Pub. No. 82. Lyon, France: IARC.
7. Brownson R, Alavanja M, Chang J. 1993. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer among non-smoking women: A case-control study in Missouri. Cancer Causes Control 4(5):449-454.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1994. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors-United States, 1900-1994. MMWR 43(S-3):1-27.
9. Chandra V, Philipose V, Bell PA, Lazaroff A, Schoenberg BS. 1987. Case-control study of late onset "probable Alzheimer's disease". Neurology 37(8):1295-1300.
10. Checkoway H, Mathew RM, Hickey JL, Shy CM, Harris RL Jr, Hunt EW, Waldman GT. 1985. Mortality among workers in the Florida phosphate industry: I. Industry-wide cause-specific mortality patterns. J Occup Med 27(12):885-892.
11. Chen R, Seaton A. 1996. A meta-analysis of mortality among workers exposed to organic solvents. Occup Med (Lond) 46(5):337-344.
12. Cone J. 1987. Occupational lung cancer. Occup Med 2(2):273-295.
13. Decoufle P, Walrath J. 1983. Proportionate mortality among US shoeworkers, 1966-1977. Am J Ind Med 4(4):523-532.
14. Doll R. 1985. Occupational cancer: A hazard for epidemiologists. Int J Epidemiol 14(1):22-31.
15. Enterline PE, McKiever MF. 1963. Differential mortality from lung cancer by occupation. J Occup Med 5(6):283-290.
16. Flodin U, Edling C, Axelson O. 1984. Clinical studies of psychoorganic syndromes among workers with exposures to solvents. Am J Ind Med 5(4):287-295.
17. Fox AJ, Lindars DC, Owen R. 1974. A survey of occupational cancer in the rubber and cablemaking industries: Results of five-year analysis, 1967-71. Br J Ind Med 31(2):140-151.
18. Fu H, Demers P, Constantini A, Winter P, Colin D, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. 1996. Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: An analysis of two cohorts. Occup Environ Med 53(6):394-398.
19. Garabrant DH, Wegman DH. 1984. Cancer mortality among shoe and leather workers in Massachusetts. Am J Ind Med 5(4):303-314.
20. Gerin M, Siemiatycki J, Desy M, Krewski D. 1998. Associations between several sites of cancer and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene: Results of a case-control study in Montreal. Am J Ind Med 34(2):144-156.
21. Gilbert ES. 1982. Some confounding factors in the study of mortality and occupational exposures. Am J Epidemiol 116(1):177-188.
22. Graves AB, van Duijn CM, Chandra V, Fratiglioni L, Heyman A, Jorm AF, Kokmen E, Kondo K, Mortimer JA, Rocco WA, Salat SL, Soininen H, Hofman A. 1991. Occupational exposures to solvents and lead as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. Int J Epidemiol 20(Suppl 2):S58-61.
23. Greenburg L, Mayers M, Heiman H, Moskowitz S. 1942. The effects of exposure to toluene in industry. JAMA 122(4):573-578.
24. Gregersen P. 1988. Neurotoxic effects of organic solvents in exposed workers: Two controlled follow-up studies after 5.5 and 10.6 years. Am J Ind Med 14(6):681-701.
25. Hammond E. 1966. Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women. Epidemiological approaches to the study of cancer and other chronic diseases. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 19:127-204.
26. Heyman A, Wilkinson WE, Stafford JA, Helms MJ, Sigmon AH, Weinberg T. 1984. Alzheimer's disease: A study of epidemiological aspects. Ann Neurol 15(4):335-341.
27. International Association for Research on Cancer. 1981. Boot and shoe manufacture and repair. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans.
28. International Association for Research on Cancer. 1987. Boot and shoe manufacture and repair. IARC monographs on the valuation of carcinogenic risk to humans. Supplement 7.
29. International Association for Research on Cancer. 1999a. Toluene. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans.
30. International Association for Research on Cancer. 1999b. Xylenes. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans.
31. Jöckei KH, Ahrens W, Jahn I, Pohlabeln H, Bolm-Audorff U. 1998. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer: A case-control study in West Germany. Int J Epidemiol 27(4):549-560.
32. Kolstad HA, Olsen J. 1999. Why do short term workers have high mortality? Am J Epidemiol 149(4):347-352.
33. Kukull WA, Larson EB, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Pfanschmidt ML, Thompson JD, O'Meara ES, Brenner DE, van Belle G. 1995. Solvent exposure as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease-A case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 141(11):1059-1071.
34. Lundberg I. 1986. Mortality and cancer incidence among Swedish paint industry workers with long-term exposure to organic solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health 12(2):108-113.
35. Lynge E, Antilla A, Hemminki K. 1997. Organic solvents and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 8(3):406-419.
36. McConnell WJ, Fehnel JW, Ferry JJ. 1942. Potential health hazards of the leather industry. J Ind Hygiene Toxicol 24(5):93-108.
37. McMichael A. 1976. Standardized mortality ratios and the "healthy worker effect": Scratching beneath the surface. J Occup Med 18(3):165-168.
38. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1984. Occupational characteristics of cancer victims in Massachusetts, 1971-1973, DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 84-109. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH.
39. 1 mice. NTP TR 327. Research Triangle Park, NC.
40. 1 mice (inhalation studies). NTP TR 371. Research Triangle Park, NC.
41. Ørbaek P, Risberg J, Rosen I, Haeger-Aronsen B, Hagstadius S, Hjortsberg U, Regnell G, Rehnstrom S, Svensson K, Welinder H. 1985. Effects of long-term exposure to solvents in the paint industry: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study with clinical and laboratory methods. Scand J Work Environ Health 11(Suppl 2):1-28.
42. O'Flynn RR, Monkman SM, Waldron HA. 1987. Organic solvents and presenile dementia: A case referent study using death certificates. Br J Ind Med 44(4):259-262.
43. Pippard EC, Acheson ED. 1985. The mortality of boot and shoe makers, with special reference to cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health 11(4):249-255.
44. Rothman K, Boice J. 1979. Epidemiologic analysis with a programmable calculator. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
45. Schoenberg JB, Stemhagen A, Mason TJ, Patterson J, Bill J, Altman R. 1987. Occupation and lung cancer risk among New Jersey white males. J Natl Cancer Inst 79(1):13-21.
46. Schulte PA, Burnett CA, Boeniger MF, Johnson J. 1996. Neurodegenerative diseases: Occupational occurrence and potential risk factors, 1982 through 1991. Am J Public Health 86(9):1281-1288.
47. Shalat SL, Seltzer B, Baker EL. 1988. Occupational risk factors and Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. J Occup Med 30(12):934-936.
48. Siemiatycki J, Wacholder S, Dewar R, Cardis E, Greenwood C, Richardson L. 1988. Degree of confounding bias related to smoking, ethnic group, and socioeconomic status in estimates of the associations between occupation and cancer. J Occup Med 30(8):617-625.
49. Steenland K, Stayner L. 1991. The importance of employment status in occupational cohort mortality studies. Epidemiology 2(6):418-423.
50. Steenland K, Beaumont J, Halperin W. 1984. Methods of control for smoking in occupational cohort mortality studies. Scand J Work Environ Health 10(3):143-149.
51. Steenland K, Spaeth S, Cassinelli R, Laber P, Chang L, Koch K. 1998. NIOSH life table program for personal computers. Am J Ind Med 34(5):517-518.
52. Svensson B, Nise G, Englander V, Attewell R, Skerfving S, Moller T. 1990. Deaths and tumours among rotogravure printers exposed to toluene. Br J Ind Med 47(6):372-379.
53. Vena JE, Sultz HA, Carlo GL, Fiedler RL, Barnes RE. 1987. Sources of bias in retrospective cohort mortality studies: A note on treatment of subjects lost to follow-up. J Occup Med 29(3):256-261.
54. Walker JT, Bloom TF, Stern FB, Okun AH, Fingerhut MA, Halperin WE. 1993. Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing. Scand J Work Environ Health 19(2):89-95.
55. Walrath J, Decoufle P, Thomas TL. 1987. Mortality among workers in a shoe manufacturing company. Am J Ind Med 12(5):615-623.
56. Waxweiler RJ, Beaumont JJ, Henry JA, Brown DP, Robinson CF, Ness GO, Wagoner JK, Lemen RA. 1983. A modified life-table analysis system for cohort studies. J Occup Med 25(2):115-124.
57. Weinkam JJ, Sterling TD. 1987. Changes in smoking characteristics by type of employment from 1970 to 1979/80. Am J Ind Med 11(5):539-561.
58. White RF, Proctor SP, Echeverria D, Schweikert J, Feldman RG. 1995. Neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic mixed-solvent exposure in the screen printing industry. Am J Ind Med 28(2):221-231.
59. Wiebelt H, Becker N. 1999. Mortality in a cohort of toluene exposed employees (rotogravure printing plant workers). J Occup Environ Med 41(12):1134-1139.
60. Wilson RH. 1943. Toluene poisoning. JAMA 123(17):1106-1109.