Being indigenous: Resurgences against contemporary colonialism

Government and Opposition

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 597-614

  Alfred, Taiaiake ^a   Corntassel, Jeff ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745315815     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00166.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. 'The Politics of Identity' is an on-going series edited by Richard Bellamy.
2. This article draws on analyses and concepts developed in Taiaiake Alfred, Wasáse: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom, Peterborough, ON, Broadview Press, 2005.
3. Bernard Nietschmann, 'The Fourth World: Nations Versus States', in George J. Demko and William B. Wood (eds), Reordering the World: Geopolitical Perspectives on the 21st Century, Philadelphia, Westview Press, 1995, pp. 228-31.
4. Graham Hingangaroa Smith, 'Protecting and Respecting Indigenous Knowledge', in Marie Battiste (ed.), Reclaiming Indigenous Voice and Vision, Vancouver, BC, UBC Press, 2000, p. 211.
5. For examples of classic colonial-liberal discourse with liberatory pretences, see Patrick Macklem, Indigenous Difference and the Constitution of Canada, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2001;
6. Charles Taylor, Multiculturalism and 'The Politics of Recognition', Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1992;
7. and Will Kimlycka (ed.), The Rights of Minority Cultures, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995.
8. For more on the global nature of Indigenous identity construction, see Jeff Corntassel, 'Who is Indigenous? "Peoplehood" and Ethnonationalist Approaches to Rearticulating Indigenous Identity', Nationalism & Ethnic Politics, 9 (2003), pp. 75-100.
9. Taiaiake Alfred, Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 85.
10. For the explanation of his concept of Indigenous identity, one that is often characterized as a sort of strategic essentialism - meaning that it is multi-faceted and flexible, yet rooted in Indigenous cultural ground - see also Alfred's Heeding the Voices of Our Ancestors: Kahnawake Mohawk Politics and the Rise of Native Nationalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995.
11. George Manuel and Michael Posluns, The Fourth World: An Indian Reality, New York, Collier Macmillan Canada, 1974, p. 60.
12. Nietschmann, 'The Fourth World', pp. 236-37.
13. James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations, Volume 11, Oxford, Greenwood Press, 2002, pp. 845-50;
14. Rajkumari Chandra Roy, Land Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, Oxford, IWGIA, 2000.
15. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, New York, Grove Press, 1963, p. 210.
16. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, Ibid., 1963, pp. 306-7.
17. Taiaiake Alfred, 'Deconstructing the British Columbia Treaty Process', Balayi: Culture, Law and Colonialism, 3 (2001), p. 49.
18. Taiaiake Alfred, 'Deconstructing the British Columbia Treaty Process', Balayi: Culture, Law and Colonialism, Ibid., 3, (2001), p. 41.
19. Jeff Corntassel, '"Deadliest Enemies" or Partners in the "Utmost Good Faith": Conflict Resolution Strategies for Indian nation/state Disputes in an Era of Forced Federalism', Ayaangwaamizin: International Journal of Indigenous Philosophy, 3 (Summer 2003) pp. 141-67.
20. For a further elaboration of this argument, see Jeff Corntassel, Forced Federalism: Contemporary Challenges to Indigenous Nationhood, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, forthcoming.
21. Inés Hernández-Ávila, 'The Power of Native Languages and the Performance of Indigenous Autonomy: The Case of Mexico', in Richard Grounds, George E. Tinker and David E. Wilkins (eds), Native Voices: American Indian Identity and Resistance, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, 2003, p. 56.
22. Inés Hernández-Ávila, 'The Power of Native Languages and the Performance of Indigenous Autonomy: The Case of Mexico', Native Voices: American Indian Identity and Resistance, Ibid., 2003, p. 38.
23. Vine Deloria, Jr., Custer Died for your Sins, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1988, p. 27.
24. Joane Nagel, American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 113.
25. Ronal Niezen, The Origins of Indigenism: Human Rights and the Politics of Identity, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2003.
26. Devon A. Mihesuah, 'American Indian Identities: Issues of Individual Choices and Development', American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 22 (1998), pp. 193-226.
27. Hilary N. Weaver, 'Indigenous Identity: What is It and Who Really Has It?', American Indian Quarterly, 25 (2001), p. 245.
28. C. Matthew Snipp, American Indians: The First of This Land, New York, Russell Save Foundation, 1989, p. 27.
29. Ted Robert Gurr, Peoples versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century, Washington, DC, United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000, p. 17.
30. Niezen, The Origins of Indigenism, p. 19.
31. Snipp, American Indians;
32. William T. Hagan, 'Full Blood, Mixed Blood, Generic and Ersatz: The Problem of Indian Identity', Arizona and the West, 27 (1985), pp. 309-26.
33. Kim Anderson, A Recognition of Being: Reconstructing Native Womanhood, Toronto, Sumach Press, 2000;
34. Devon A. Mihesuah, Indigenous American Women: Decolonization, Empowerment, Activism, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
35. Anderson, A Recognition of Being, pp. 116-36.
36. Edward H. Spicer, Cycles of Conquest: The Impact of Spain, Mexico and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533-1960, Phoenix, University of Arizona Press, 1962.
37. Spicer, Cycles of Conquest, pp. 576-8.
38. Robert K. Thomas, 'The Tap-Roots of Peoplehood', in Daphne J. Anderson (ed.), Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Collected Letters and Papers, Vancouver, Native Ministries Consortium, 1990, pp. 25-32.
39. Tom, J. Holm, Diane Pearson and Ben Chavis, 'Peoplehood: A Model for American Indian Sovereignty in Education', Wicazo Sa Review, 18 (2003), pp. 7-24.
40. Tom, J. Holm, Diane Pearson and Ben Chavis, 'Peoplehood: A Model for American Indian Sovereignty in Education', Wicazo Sa Review, Ibid., 18 (2003), p. 15.
41. Quoted from Hernández-Ávila, The Power of Native Languages', p. 62.
42. Gregory Cajete, Native Science: Natural Laws of Interdependence, Santa Fe, NM, Clear Light Publishers, 2000, p. 178.
43. Thomas, 'The Tap-Roots of Peoplehood', p. 29.
44. Manuel and Posluns, The Fourth World, p. 261.
45. Nietschrnann, 'The Fourth World', pp. 235-6.
46. Anthony J. Hall, The American Empire and the Fourth World, Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, pp. 523, 530.
47. Eva Marie Garroutte, Real Indians: Identity and the Survival of Native America, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2003, p. 144.
48. Alfred, Peace, Power, Righteousness, p. 81.
49. See, for example, Roger Maaka and Augie Fieras, 'Engaging with Indigeneity: Tino Rangatiratanga in Aotearoa', in Duncan Ivison, Paul Patton and Will Sanders (eds), Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 89-109.