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Volumn 51, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 513-529

Avoiding "aborigines": Paul Hasluck and the Northern Territory Welfare Ordinance, 1953

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EID: 33745312100     PISSN: 00049522     EISSN: 14678497     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8497.2005.00391.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (93)
  • 2
    • 33745326905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Statement by the Minister for Territories, the Hon. Paul Hasluck: Native Welfare in the Northern Territory, 6 August 1952, National Archives of Australia, Canberra (NAA), A452, 1952/162.
  • 3
    • 33745315982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In using the word "Aboriginality" I do not imply the existence of a pan-Aboriginal solidarity in the Northern Territory in the 1950s. There, most Aborigines' primary affiliations were to kin and country, and -as in other parts of Australia in earlier times -the localism of Aboriginal solidarities was a major problem in their governance.
  • 4
    • 33745316190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Council for Aboriginal Rights Bulletin, no.3, 22 April 1954, National Library of Australia (NLA), Papers of Barry Christophers, ms.7992, box 6.
  • 11
    • 33745313641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From 'Australian aborigines' to 'white Australians'
    • Cora Thomas, "From 'Australian Aborigines' to 'white Australians'", Australian Aboriginal Studies, No.1 (2001), pp. 21-35.
    • (2001) Australian Aboriginal Studies , Issue.1 , pp. 21-35
    • Thomas, C.1
  • 12
    • 33745312465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An abiding interest and a constant approach: Paul hasluck as historian, reformer and critic of aboriginal affairs
    • Tom Stannage, Kay Saunders and Richard Nile, eds, Brisbane
    • Will Sanders, "An Abiding Interest and a Constant Approach: Paul Hasluck as Historian, Reformer and Critic of Aboriginal Affairs", in Tom Stannage, Kay Saunders and Richard Nile, eds, Paul Hasluck in Australian History: Civic Personality and Public Life (Brisbane, 1998), pp. 106-18.
    • (1998) Paul Hasluck in Australian History: Civic Personality and Public Life , pp. 106-118
    • Sanders, W.1
  • 13
    • 0347318464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The modesty of the state: Hasluck and the anthropological critics of assimilation
    • Stannage et al.
    • Tim Rowse, "The Modesty of the State: Hasluck and the Anthropological Critics of Assimilation", in Stannage et al., Paul Hasluck, pp. 119-32;
    • Paul Hasluck , pp. 119-132
    • Rowse, T.1
  • 15
    • 0040406849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indigenous citizenship and self-determination: The problems of shared responsibilities
    • Nicholas Peterson and Will Sanders, eds, Cambridge
    • Tim Rowse, "Indigenous Citizenship and Self-determination: The Problems of Shared Responsibilities", in Nicholas Peterson and Will Sanders, eds, Citizenship and Indigenous Australians: Changing Conceptions and Possibilities (Cambridge, 1998), p. 80.
    • (1998) Citizenship and Indigenous Australians: Changing Conceptions and Possibilities , pp. 80
    • Rowse, T.1
  • 16
    • 33745323766 scopus 로고
    • Canberra, 3 and 4 September NLA, Papers of Sir Paul Hasluck, ms.5274 (hereafter Hasluck Papers), box 33
    • Record of the Native Welfare Conference, Canberra, 3 and 4 September 1951, NLA, Papers of Sir Paul Hasluck, ms.5274 (hereafter Hasluck Papers), box 33.
    • (1951) Record of the Native Welfare Conference
  • 20
    • 33745319430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited politics
    • Stannage et al.
    • Hasluck, Introduction to Australian Aborigines: Collected Articles and Speeches, 1925-1965, Hasluck Papers, box 38. See also Judith Brett, "Limited Politics" in Stannage et al., Paul Hasluck, pp. 183-195.
    • Paul Hasluck , pp. 183-195
    • Brett, J.1
  • 21
    • 33745324447 scopus 로고
    • Hasluck Papers, box 33; Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162
    • Record of Native Welfare Conference, 1951, p. 3, Hasluck Papers, box 33; Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
    • (1951) Record of Native Welfare Conference , pp. 3
  • 23
    • 33745326512 scopus 로고
    • Aborigines and the ministers' welfare council
    • See, for example, A.P. Elkin, "Aborigines and the Ministers' Welfare Council", The Australian Quarterly, Vol. 23, 4 (1951), pp. 15-16.
    • (1951) The Australian Quarterly , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 15-16
    • Elkin, A.P.1
  • 24
    • 33745324902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162
    • Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 25
    • 33745296023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • box 32
    • th September 1952, Agenda Item 1: Citizenship Status, Hasluck Papers, box 32;
    • Hasluck Papers
  • 27
    • 33745289335 scopus 로고
    • The record in the northern territory
    • Paul Hasluck, "The Record in the Northern Territory", (1952) in idem, Native Welfare, p. 22.
    • (1952) Native Welfare , pp. 22
    • Hasluck, P.1
  • 28
    • 33745297316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assistant Secretary, Territories, Native Welfare Council
    • J. Willoughby, Assistant Secretary, Territories, Native Welfare Council, Citizenship Status: Draft,
    • Citizenship Status: Draft
    • Willoughby, J.1
  • 29
    • 0003603638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge
    • July 1951; unsigned document headed Notes for Conference, probably by S.G. Middleton, Commissioner for Native Affairs, Western Australia, c. September 1951; both in Hasluck Papers, box 33. For a fuller statement of the implications of the Nationality and Citizenship Act for Aborigines, see T.H.E. Heyes, Secretary, Department of Immigration to Dr Alfred Jacobs, Narrogin, WA, 27 June 1949, NAA A432 1949/576. See also John Chesterman and Brian Galligan, Citizens Without Rights: Aborigines and Australian Citizenship (Cambridge, 1997).
    • (1997) Citizens Without Rights: Aborigines and Australian Citizenship
    • Chesterman, J.1    Galligan, B.2
  • 30
    • 33745322480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The native welfare conference, 1951
    • Paul Hasluck, "The Native Welfare Conference, 1951", in Native Welfare, pp. 15-16.
    • Native Welfare , pp. 15-16
    • Hasluck, P.1
  • 31
    • 33745310015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162
    • Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 32
    • 33745302556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to R.S. Leydin, Government Secretary, Darwin, 2 January 1952, NAA A452 1952/162
    • Hasluck to R.S. Leydin, Government Secretary, Darwin, 2 January 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 36
    • 33745291194 scopus 로고
    • 6 October Hasluck Papers, box 33; Press release: Aborigines Sunday, Statement by the Minister, 10 July 1958, Hasluck Papers box 33
    • Hasluck, Native Welfare in Australia: Speech on the Estimates Debate, 6 October 1955, Hasluck Papers, box 33; Press release: Aborigines Sunday, Statement by the Minister, 10 July 1958, Hasluck Papers box 33.
    • (1955) Native Welfare in Australia: Speech on the Estimates Debate
    • Hasluck1
  • 37
    • 33745289534 scopus 로고
    • 4 September Hasluck Papers, box 33; Hasluck, Aboriginal Welfare in the Northern Territory, 22 February 1957, Hasluck Papers, box 38
    • Hasluck, statement issued to the Sydney Morning Herald, 4 September 1958, Hasluck Papers, box 33; Hasluck, Aboriginal Welfare in the Northern Territory, 22 February 1957, Hasluck Papers, box 38.
    • (1958) Sydney Morning Herald
  • 38
    • 33745302958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to Secretary, Territories, 13 August 1951, Hasluck Papers, box 33
    • Hasluck to Secretary, Territories, 13 August 1951, Hasluck Papers, box 33.
  • 39
    • 33745320264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck, Press statement: Welfare policy in the Northern Territory, 23 September 1953, Hasluck Papers, box 33
    • Hasluck, Press statement: Welfare policy in the Northern Territory, 23 September 1953, Hasluck Papers, box 33.
  • 40
    • 33745303648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F.J.S. Wise, Administrator, NT, to Secretary, Territories, 12 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162
    • F.J.S. Wise, Administrator, NT, to Secretary, Territories, 12 August 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 41
    • 33745313102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lambert to Administrator, 4 September 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
    • Lambert to Administrator, 4 September 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 42
    • 33745322013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lambert to Hasluck, 15 October 1952; Hasluck to Lambert, 23 October 1952, NAA A452 1952/162
    • Lambert to Hasluck, 15 October 1952; Hasluck to Lambert, 23 October 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 43
    • 33745298197 scopus 로고
    • The Australian half-caste progressive association: The fight for freedom and rights in the Northern territory
    • B. Damaso, Secretary, Australian Halfcaste Progressive Association, Darwin, to Prime Minister, 12 March 1951, NAA A431 1951/899. See also Sue Stanton, "The Australian Half-caste Progressive Association: The Fight for Freedom and Rights in the Northern Territory", Journal of Northern Territory History, Vol. 4 (1993), pp. 37-46.
    • (1993) Journal of Northern Territory History , vol.4 , pp. 37-46
    • Stanton, S.1
  • 44
    • 33745314402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wise to Secretary, Territories, 15 July 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
    • Wise to Secretary, Territories, 15 July 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 49
    • 33745313640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to Secretary, Territories, 3 April 1957, NAA A452 1958/4955.
    • Hasluck to Secretary, Territories, 3 April 1957, NAA A452 1958/4955.
  • 50
    • 33745293202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conspectus of the work of the Welfare Branch of the Northern Territory Administration for the period August 1954 - February 1959, Hasluck Papers, box 32.
    • Conspectus of the work of the Welfare Branch of the Northern Territory Administration for the period August 1954 - February 1959, Hasluck Papers, box 32.
  • 51
    • 33745293583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to Nott, 20 August 1962, NAA A452 1960/8435.
    • Hasluck to Nott, 20 August 1962, NAA A452 1960/8435.
  • 52
    • 33745300568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.W.W. Greenidge, Director, Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society, London, to Hasluck
    • C.W.W. Greenidge, Director, Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society, London, to Hasluck,
  • 53
    • 33745317741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ms.2683, box 27, folder 4, item 10/428.
    • December 1957, NLA, Lady Jessie Street Papers, ms.2683, box 27, folder 4, item 10/428.
    • Lady Jessie Street Papers
  • 54
    • 33745318822 scopus 로고
    • 14 October clipping in NAA A452 1958/4955
    • Northern Territory News, 14 October 1958, clipping in NAA A452 1958/4955.
    • (1958) Northern Territory News
  • 56
    • 34548157247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Namatjira and the burden of citizenship
    • Julie Wells and Michael Christie, "Namatjira and the Burden of Citizenship", Australian Historical Studies, Vol. 31, 114 (2000), pp. 121-2.
    • (2000) Australian Historical Studies , vol.31 , Issue.114 , pp. 121-122
    • Wells, J.1    Christie, M.2
  • 57
    • 33745296649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to Secretary, Territories, 18 May 1959; Archer to Secretary, Territories, 17 November 1959; Lambert to Hasluck, 22 January 1960; Hasluck to Lambert, 28 January 1960, NAA A452 1960/8435
    • Hasluck to Secretary, Territories, 18 May 1959; Archer to Secretary, Territories, 17 November 1959; Lambert to Hasluck, 22 January 1960; Hasluck to Lambert, 28 January 1960, NAA A452 1960/8435.
  • 59
    • 33745307709 scopus 로고
    • Post-war and the aborigines
    • June
    • A.P. Elkin, "Post-war and the Aborigines", The Aborigines' Protector, Vol. 2, 1 (June 1946), p. 6.
    • (1946) The Aborigines' Protector , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 6
    • Elkin, A.P.1
  • 60
    • 33745301450 scopus 로고
    • To provide for the care and assistance of certain persons
    • Comments by Professor A.P. Elkin, February box 71, item 1/12/187
    • Wards, not Aborigines, In the Northern Territory: The Proposed Ordinance "To Provide for the Care and Assistance of Certain Persons": Comments by Professor A.P. Elkin, February 1953, Elkin Papers, box 71, item 1/12/187.
    • (1953) Elkin Papers
  • 61
    • 33745292929 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of the policy of assimilation on the full-blood aborigines
    • paper presented, Darwin, December NAA, A452, 1953/138
    • A.F. Ellemor, Some Effects of the Policy of Assimilation on the Full-blood Aborigines, paper presented to the Missions-Administration Conference, Darwin, December 1953, NAA, A452, 1953/138.
    • (1953) Missions-administration Conference
    • Ellemor, A.F.1
  • 62
    • 33745309499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to Administrator, 28 July 1952; Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA, A452, 1952/162.
    • Hasluck to Administrator, 28 July 1952; Statement by the Minister, 6 August 1952, NAA, A452, 1952/162.
  • 65
    • 0033470617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wards, words and citizens: A.P. Elkin and Paul Hasluck on assimilation
    • I admit to such overstatement in my own earlier analyses; see for example Russell McGregor, "Wards, Words and Citizens: A.P. Elkin and Paul Hasluck on Assimilation", Oceania, Vol. 69, 4 (1999), pp. 243-259.
    • (1999) Oceania , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 243-259
    • McGregor, R.1
  • 70
    • 85046470428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some problems of assimilation
    • box 80, item 1/12/295
    • Hasluck, Some Problems of Assimilation, Elkin Papers, box 80, item 1/12/295.
    • Elkin Papers
    • Hasluck1
  • 74
    • 33745306394 scopus 로고
    • Native welfare
    • 6 October box 33
    • Hasluck, Native Welfare, 6 October 1955, Hasluck Papers, box 33.
    • (1955) Hasluck Papers
    • Hasluck1
  • 75
    • 33745294899 scopus 로고
    • The future of the Australian aborigines
    • paper presented August Hasluck Papers, box 38
    • Hasluck, The Future of the Australian Aborigines, paper presented at the ANZAAS Congress, August 1958, Hasluck Papers, box 38.
    • (1958) ANZAAS Congress
    • Hasluck1
  • 79
    • 0007213343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethical state: Social liberalism and the critique of contract
    • On social liberalism in Australia, see Marian Sawer, "The Ethical State: Social Liberalism and the Critique of Contract", Australian Historical Studies, Vol. 31, 114 (2000), pp. 67-90.
    • (2000) Australian Historical Studies , vol.31 , Issue.114 , pp. 67-90
    • Sawer, M.1
  • 81
    • 33745308183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hasluck to Leydin, 2 January 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
    • Hasluck to Leydin, 2 January 1952, NAA A452 1952/162.
  • 84
    • 33745298195 scopus 로고
    • New hope for old Australians
    • 14 July box 38
    • Hasluck, New Hope for Old Australians, 14 July 1957, Hasluck Papers, box 38.
    • (1957) Hasluck Papers
    • Hasluck1
  • 85
    • 33745325120 scopus 로고
    • Canberra
    • Commonwealth Department of Territories, Aborigines and You (Canberra, 1963), p. 3;
    • (1963) Aborigines and You , pp. 3
  • 87
    • 33745316271 scopus 로고
    • Canberra
    • One People (Canberra, 1961), p. 12.
    • (1961) One People , pp. 12
  • 88
    • 33745299942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of the Australian aborigines, 1958
    • box 38
    • Hasluck, The Future of the Australian Aborigines, 1958, Hasluck Papers, box 38.
    • Hasluck Papers
    • Hasluck1
  • 93
    • 20444453310 scopus 로고
    • Continuity and change among the aborigines
    • (1958), in idem, Canberra
    • The anthropologist William Stanner complained that the compilers of the Register of Wards showed "no understanding of the Aboriginal name-systems", attributing this to "the insistent official view that henceforth the Aborigines must be treated as 'individuals' and not as 'groups'"; W.E.H. Stanner, "Continuity and Change among the Aborigines" (1958), in idem, White Man Got No Dreaming: Essays 1938-1973 (Canberra, 1979), p. 43.
    • (1979) White Man Got No Dreaming: Essays 1938-1973 , pp. 43
    • Stanner, W.E.H.1


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