메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 186-200

The subjective precision of computers: A methodological comparison with human coding in content analysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER; MASS MEDIA; RELIABILITY ANALYSIS;

EID: 33745309311     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900608300112     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (67)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0000507914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A Content Analysis of Content Analyses: Twenty-Five Years of Journalism Quarterly"
    • (winter)
    • Daniel Riffe and Alan Freitag, "A Content Analysis of Content Analyses: Twenty-Five Years of Journalism Quarterly," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74 (winter 1997): 873-82;
    • (1997) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.74 , pp. 873-882
    • Riffe, D.1    Freitag, A.2
  • 2
    • 4444348319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Research Methods in Mass Communication Research: A Census of Eight Journals 1990-2000"
    • (summer)
    • Craig W. Trumbo, "Research Methods in Mass Communication Research: A Census of Eight Journals 1990-2000," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 81 (summer 2004): 417-36;
    • (2004) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.81 , pp. 417-436
    • Trumbo, C.W.1
  • 3
    • 24644483129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Political Communication Faces the 21st Century"
    • (September)
    • Doris A. Graber and James M. Smith, "Political Communication Faces the 21st Century," Journal of Communication 55 (September 2005): 479-507.
    • (2005) Journal of Communication , vol.55 , pp. 479-507
    • Graber, D.A.1    Smith, J.M.2
  • 5
    • 85039319285 scopus 로고
    • "Foreword"
    • ed. Philip J. Stone, Dexter C. Dunphy, Marshall S. Smith, and Daniel M. Ogilvie (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press)
    • Harold Lasswell, "Foreword," in The General Inquirer: A Computer Approach to Content Analysis, ed. Philip J. Stone, Dexter C. Dunphy, Marshall S. Smith, and Daniel M. Ogilvie (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1966), viii.
    • (1966) The General Inquirer: A Computer Approach to Content Analysis
    • Lasswell, H.1
  • 6
    • 33745304066 scopus 로고
    • "A Basic Space Unit for Newspaper Content Analysis"
    • (winter)
    • Wayne A. Danielson and James J. Mullen, "A Basic Space Unit for Newspaper Content Analysis," Journalism Quarterly 42 (winter 1965): 108.
    • (1965) Journalism Quarterly , vol.42 , pp. 108
    • Danielson, W.A.1    Mullen, J.J.2
  • 7
    • 84868367055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "External Conflict and Internal Consensus: The Sino-Soviet Case"
    • ed. Stone et al
    • Ole R. Holsti, "External Conflict and Internal Consensus: The Sino-Soviet Case," in The General Inquirer, ed. Stone et al., 343-58.
    • The General Inquirer , pp. 343-358
    • Holsti, O.R.1
  • 8
    • 84916277745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A Content Analysis of Twenty Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speeches"
    • ed. Stone et al
    • Marshall S. Smith, Philip J. Stone, and Evelyn N. Glenn, "A Content Analysis of Twenty Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speeches," in The General Inquirer, ed. Stone et al., 359-400.
    • The General Inquirer , pp. 359-400
    • Smith, M.S.1    Stone, P.J.2    Glenn, E.N.3
  • 9
    • 85039332724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A Basic Space Unit for Newspaper Content Analysis"
    • Danielson and Mullen, "A Basic Space Unit for Newspaper Content Analysis."
    • Danielson, W.A.1    Mullen, J.J.2
  • 10
    • 0344539197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Historical Foundations of Computer-Assisted Content Analysis"
    • ed. Mark D. West (Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing)
    • Donald L. Diefenbach, "Historical Foundations of Computer-Assisted Content Analysis," in Theory, Method, and Practice in Computer Content Analysis, ed. Mark D. West (Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing, 2001), 13-41.
    • (2001) Theory, Method, and Practice in Computer Content Analysis , pp. 13-41
    • Diefenbach, D.L.1
  • 11
    • 2342432423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Redeveloping Diction: Theoretical Considerations"
    • ed. West
    • Roderick P. Hart, "Redeveloping Diction: Theoretical Considerations," in Theory, Method, and Practice, ed. West, 43-60.
    • Theory, Method, and Practice , pp. 43-60
    • Hart, R.P.1
  • 13
    • 14644399695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Perceptions of Social Change: 100 Years of Front-Page Content in The New York Times and The Los Angeles Times"
    • ed. C.R. Roberts (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum)
    • Wayne A. Danielson and Dominic L. Lasorsa, "Perceptions of Social Change: 100 Years of Front-Page Content in The New York Times and The Los Angeles Times," in Text Analysis for the Social Sciences, ed. C.R. Roberts (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997)
    • (1997) Text Analysis for the Social Sciences
    • Danielson, W.A.1    Lasorsa, D.L.2
  • 14
    • 0036109358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Framing of Feminists and Feminism in News and Public Affairs Programs in U.S. Electronic Media"
    • (March)
    • Rebecca A. Lind and Colleen Salo, "The Framing of Feminists and Feminism in News and Public Affairs Programs in U.S. Electronic Media," Journal of Communication 52 (March 2002): 211-28.
    • (2002) Journal of Communication , vol.52 , pp. 211-228
    • Lind, R.A.1    Salo, C.2
  • 17
    • 0000481406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Framing the Candidates in Presidential Primaries: Issues and Images in Press Releases and News Coverage"
    • (summer)
    • M. Mark Miller, Julie L. Andsager, and Bonnie P. Riechert, "Framing the Candidates in Presidential Primaries: Issues and Images in Press Releases and News Coverage," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 75 (summer 1998): 312-24.
    • (1998) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.75 , pp. 312-324
    • Miller, M.M.1    Andsager, J.L.2    Riechert, B.P.3
  • 18
    • 0001489785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Social or Economic Concerns: How News and Women's Magazines Framed Breast Cancer in the 1990s"
    • (autumn)
    • Julie L. Andsager and Angela Powers, "Social or Economic Concerns: How News and Women's Magazines Framed Breast Cancer in the 1990s," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 76 (autumn 1999):531-50;
    • (1999) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.76 , pp. 531-550
    • Andsager, J.L.1    Powers, A.2
  • 19
  • 20
    • 84928835715 scopus 로고
    • "Content Analysis of News Reports: Comparing Human Coding and a Computer-Assisted Method"
    • Brigitte L. Nacos, Robert Y. Shapiro, John T. Young, David P. Fan, Torsten Kjellstrand, and Craig McCaa, "Content Analysis of News Reports: Comparing Human Coding and a Computer-Assisted Method," Communication 12 (1991): 111-28.
    • (1991) Communication , vol.12 , pp. 111-128
    • Nacos, B.L.1    Shapiro, R.Y.2    Young, J.T.3    Fan, D.P.4    Kjellstrand, T.5    McCaa, C.6
  • 21
    • 85039319996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Content Analysis"
    • Nacos et al., "Content Analysis," 121.
    • Nacos, B.L.1
  • 22
    • 0347381490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Computer Content Analysis and Manual Coding Techniques: A Comparative Analysis"
    • ed. West
    • Alf Linderman, "Computer Content Analysis and Manual Coding Techniques: A Comparative Analysis," in Theory, Method, and Practice, ed. West, 97-109.
    • Theory, Method, and Practice , pp. 97-109
    • Linderman, A.1
  • 24
    • 85039330190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Issues included any topics that were mentioned in media coverage of the campaign including education, business, the campaign itself, and health care. Attributes involved how the candidates were described in the coverage, including experience, wealth, Hispanic/minority, and leadership.
  • 25
    • 0034419910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Setting the Agenda Attributes in the 1996 Spanish General Election"
    • (spring)
    • Maxwell McCombs, Esteban Lopez-Escobar, and Juan P. Llamas, "Setting the Agenda Attributes in the 1996 Spanish General Election," Journal of Communication 50 (spring 2000): 77-92.
    • (2000) Journal of Communication , vol.50 , pp. 77-92
    • McCombs, M.1    Lopez-Escobar, E.2    Llamas, J.P.3
  • 26
    • 85039319996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Content Analysis"
    • Nacos et al., "Content Analysis," 115-16;
    • Nacos, B.L.1
  • 29
    • 0040224319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Protecting 1st Amendment?: Newspaper Coverage of Hate Speech"
    • (summer/fall)
    • M. Mark Miller and Julie Andsager, "Protecting 1st Amendment?: Newspaper Coverage of Hate Speech," Newspaper Research Journal 18 (summer/fall 1997): 2-15;
    • (1997) Newspaper Research Journal , vol.18 , pp. 2-15
    • Miller, M.M.1    Andsager, J.2
  • 31
    • 0344669188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Spiral of Opportunity and Frame Resonance: Mapping the Issue Cycle in News and Public Discourse"
    • ed. Stephen D. Reese, Oscar H. Gandy, Jr., and August E. Grant (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum)
    • M. Mark Miller and Bonnie P. Riechert, "The Spiral of Opportunity and Frame Resonance: Mapping the Issue Cycle in News and Public Discourse," in Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World, ed. Stephen D. Reese, Oscar H. Gandy, Jr., and August E. Grant (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001), 107-21;
    • (2001) Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World , pp. 107-121
    • Miller, M.M.1    Riechert, B.P.2
  • 32
    • 85039339058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "How Newspapers Framed Breast Implants"
    • Powers and Andsager, "How Newspapers Framed Breast Implants."
    • Powers, J.L.1    Andsager, A.2
  • 33
    • 85039339799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • When n=7, the rank order correlation would have to be .714 or higher to be considered significant.
  • 34
    • 85039339827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The word indexes for each attribute were constructed from the list of terms found in the sample. For example, the "campaign" index has 16 words including campaign, election, ballot, and candidate. The "education" index has 15 words including children, education, school, and teacher. The "Hispanic/minority" index has 20 words including minority, Mexican, Hispanic, border, and ethnic.
  • 35
    • 85039319996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Content Analysis"
    • Nacos et al., "Content Analysis," 117-18.
    • Nacos, B.L.1
  • 36
    • 85039319996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Content Analysis"
    • Nacos et al., "Content Analysis," 125;
    • Nacos, B.L.1
  • 38
    • 33745327701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Using Databases For Content Analysis"
    • ed. Guido H. Stempel III, David H. Weaver, and G. Cleveland Wilhoit (Boston: Allyn & Bacon)
    • Kathleen A. Hansen, "Using Databases For Content Analysis," in Mass Communication Research and Theory, ed. Guido H. Stempel III, David H. Weaver, and G. Cleveland Wilhoit (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2003), 220-30;
    • (2003) Mass Communication Research and Theory , pp. 220-230
    • Hansen, K.A.1
  • 39
    • 0000844518 scopus 로고
    • "Why Going Online for Content Analysis Can Reduce Research Reliability"
    • (winter)
    • Philip A. Kaufman, Carol Reese Dykers, and Carole Caldwell, "Why Going Online for Content Analysis Can Reduce Research Reliability," Journalism Quarterly 70 (winter 1993): 824-32;
    • (1993) Journalism Quarterly , vol.70 , pp. 824-832
    • Kaufman, P.A.1    Dykers, C.R.2    Caldwell, C.3
  • 41
    • 85039324554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "In Praise of Dumb Clerks: Computer-Assisted Content Analysis"
    • ed. West
    • Robert L. Stevenson, "In Praise of Dumb Clerks: Computer-Assisted Content Analysis," in Theory, Method, and Practice, ed. West, 11-12.
    • Theory, Method, and Practice , pp. 11-12
    • Stevenson, R.L.1
  • 47
    • 84970632597 scopus 로고
    • "Sins of Omission and Commission in Mass Communication Quantitative Research"
    • (spring)
    • Stephen R. Lacy and Daniel Riffe, "Sins of Omission and Commission in Mass Communication Quantitative Research," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993), 126-32;
    • (1993) Journalism Quarterly , vol.70 , pp. 126-132
    • Lacy, S.R.1    Riffe, D.2
  • 50
    • 85039321524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Pre-Assessment of Scale Reliability: A Computer Content Analysis Approach"
    • ed. West
    • Donald G. McTavish, "Pre-Assessment of Scale Reliability: A Computer Content Analysis Approach," in Theory, Method, and Practice, ed. West, 111-24;
    • Theory, Method, and Practice , pp. 111-124
    • McTavish, D.G.1
  • 51
    • 85039321502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Development of a Content Analysis Measuring Instrument"
    • ed. Stone et al
    • Marshall S. Smith, "The Development of a Content Analysis Measuring Instrument," in The General Inquirer, ed. Stone et al, 207-32;
    • The General Inquirer , pp. 207-232
    • Smith, M.S.1
  • 52
    • 84055178777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Toward a Typology and Theoretical Grounding for Computer Content Analysis"
    • ed. West
    • Mark D. West and Linda K. Fuller, "Toward a Typology and Theoretical Grounding for Computer Content Analysis," in Theory, Method, and Practice, ed. West, 77-94.
    • Theory, Method, and Practice , pp. 77-94
    • West, M.D.1    Fuller, L.K.2
  • 53
    • 85039321502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Development of a Content Analysis Measuring Instrument"
    • ed. Stone et al
    • Smith, "The Development of a Content Analysis Measuring Instrument," in The General Inquirer, ed. Stone et al., 214.
    • The General Inquirer , pp. 214
    • Smith, M.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.