메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 507-522

Modeling the behavior of the 4/5ths rule for determining adverse impact: Reasons for caution

Author keywords

4 5ths rule; Adverse impact; Employment discrimination; Test bias

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EMPLOYMENT; HUMAN; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STANDARD; STATISTICS;

EID: 33745290190     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.507     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (60)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0031092425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits
    • Ackerman, P. L., & Heggestad, E. D. (1997). Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 219-245.
    • (1997) Psychological Bulletin , vol.121 , pp. 219-245
    • Ackerman, P.L.1    Heggestad, E.D.2
  • 3
    • 0000027882 scopus 로고
    • Another analysis of the EEOC four-fifths rule
    • Boardman, A. E. (1979). Another analysis of the EEOC four-fifths rule. Management Science, 8, 770-776.
    • (1979) Management Science , vol.8 , pp. 770-776
    • Boardman, A.E.1
  • 4
    • 29844452590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The four-fifths rule for assessing adverse impact: An arithmetic, intuitive, and logical analysis of the rule and implications for future research
    • J. Martocchio (Ed.), New York: Elsevier
    • Bobko, P., & Roth, P. (2004). The four-fifths rule for assessing adverse impact: An arithmetic, intuitive, and logical analysis of the rule and implications for future research. In J. Martocchio (Ed.), Research in Personnel and human resources management (Vol. 23, pp. 177-197). New York: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management , vol.23 , pp. 177-197
    • Bobko, P.1    Roth, P.2
  • 5
    • 0033196662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation and implications of a meta-analytic matrix incorporating cognitive ability, alternative predictors, and job performance
    • Bobko, P., Roth, P. L., & Potosky, D. (1999). Derivation and implications of a meta-analytic matrix incorporating cognitive ability, alternative predictors, and job performance. Personnel Psychology, 52, 561-589.
    • (1999) Personnel Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 561-589
    • Bobko, P.1    Roth, P.L.2    Potosky, D.3
  • 6
    • 10644297071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chart A-4
    • Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2000). Employment and earnings, 46(1), 13-14 (Chart A-4).
    • (2000) Employment and Earnings , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-14
  • 7
    • 0000828919 scopus 로고
    • Uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures
    • Equal Opportunity Employment Commission, Civil Service Commission, U.S. Department of Labor. & U.S. Department of Justice. (1978). Uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures. Federal Register, 43, 38290-38309.
    • (1978) Federal Register , vol.43 , pp. 38290-38309
  • 8
    • 0000027883 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the EEOC four-fifths rule
    • Greenberg, I. (1979). An analysis of the EEOC four-fifths rule. Management Science, 8, 762-769.
    • (1979) Management Science , vol.8 , pp. 762-769
    • Greenberg, I.1
  • 10
    • 0002073115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of individual differences in goal orientation and self-regulatory tendencies on learning
    • (April). S. M. Gully & J. E. Mathieu (Chairs), Symposium conducted at the 13th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, TX
    • Gully, S. M., Phillips, J. M., Beaubien, J. M., & Payne, S. C. (1998, April). Effects of individual differences in goal orientation and self-regulatory tendencies on learning. In S. M. Gully & J. E. Mathieu (Chairs), Individual differences, learning, motivation, and training outcomes. Symposium conducted at the 13th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, TX.
    • (1998) Individual Differences, Learning, Motivation, and Training Outcomes
    • Gully, S.M.1    Phillips, J.M.2    Beaubien, J.M.3    Payne, S.C.4
  • 11
    • 0003818389 scopus 로고
    • New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
    • Hays, W. (1981). Statistics (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
    • (1981) Statistics (3rd Ed.)
    • Hays, W.1
  • 13
    • 0035593034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse impact and group differences in constructs, assessment tools, and personnel selection procedures: Issues and lessons learned
    • Hough, L., Oswald, F., & Ployhart, R. (2001). Adverse impact and group differences in constructs, assessment tools, and personnel selection procedures: Issues and lessons learned. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 152-194.
    • (2001) International Journal of Selection and Assessment , vol.9 , pp. 152-194
    • Hough, L.1    Oswald, F.2    Ployhart, R.3
  • 14
    • 21144464241 scopus 로고
    • Using Cohen's tables to determine the maximum power attainable in two-sample tests when one sample is limited in size
    • Hsu, L., M. (1993). Using Cohen's tables to determine the maximum power attainable in two-sample tests when one sample is limited in size. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 303-305.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 303-305
    • Hsu, L.M.1
  • 15
    • 58149205167 scopus 로고
    • Hunter and Hunter (1984) revisited: Interview validity for entry-level jobs
    • Huffcutt, A. I., & Arthur, W., Jr. (1994). Hunter and Hunter (1984) revisited: Interview validity for entry-level jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 184-190.
    • (1994) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 184-190
    • Huffcutt, A.I.1    Arthur Jr., W.2
  • 16
    • 0032398494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial group differences in interview evaluations
    • Huffcutt, A. I., & Roth, P. L. (1998). Racial group differences in interview evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 179-189.
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 179-189
    • Huffcutt, A.I.1    Roth, P.L.2
  • 17
    • 0030504619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analytic investigation of cognitive ability in employment interview evaluations: Moderating characteristics and implications for incremental validity
    • Huffcutt, A. I., Roth, P. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (1996). A meta-analytic investigation of cognitive ability in employment interview evaluations: Moderating characteristics and implications for incremental validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 459-473.
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 459-473
    • Huffcutt, A.I.1    Roth, P.L.2    McDaniel, M.A.3
  • 18
    • 58149370343 scopus 로고
    • Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance
    • Hunter, J. E., & Hunter, R. F. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 72-98.
    • (1984) Psychological Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 72-98
    • Hunter, J.E.1    Hunter, R.F.2
  • 19
    • 0010564913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of personality via conditional reasoning
    • James, L. R. (1998). Measurement of personality via conditional reasoning. Organizational Research Methods, 1, 131-163.
    • (1998) Organizational Research Methods , vol.1 , pp. 131-163
    • James, L.R.1
  • 20
    • 0033239201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Big Five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span
    • Judge, T. A., Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J., & Barrick, M. R. (1999). The Big Five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52, 621-652.
    • (1999) Personnel Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 621-652
    • Judge, T.A.1    Higgins, C.A.2    Thoresen, C.J.3    Barrick, M.R.4
  • 22
    • 0038835071 scopus 로고
    • What happened in Hazelwood: Statistics, employment discrimination, and the 80% rule
    • Meier, P., Sacks, J., & Zabell, S. (1984). What happened in Hazelwood: Statistics, employment discrimination, and the 80% rule. American Bar Foundation Research Journal, 83, 139-187.
    • (1984) American Bar Foundation Research Journal , vol.83 , pp. 139-187
    • Meier, P.1    Sacks, J.2    Zabell, S.3
  • 23
    • 3242692557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample size required for adverse impact analysis
    • Morris, S. (2001). Sample size required for adverse impact analysis. Applied HRM Research, 1, 13-32.
    • (2001) Applied HRM Research , vol.1 , pp. 13-32
    • Morris, S.1
  • 24
    • 0034346202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance tests and confidence intervals for the adverse impact ratio
    • Morris, S., & Lobsenz, R. E. (2000). Significance tests and confidence intervals for the adverse impact ratio. Personnel Psychology, 53, 89-111.
    • (2000) Personnel Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 89-111
    • Morris, S.1    Lobsenz, R.E.2
  • 25
    • 0001744245 scopus 로고
    • The Big Five personality dimensions: For research and practice in human resources management
    • Mount, M. K., & Barrick. M. (1995). The Big Five personality dimensions: For research and practice in human resources management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 13, 823-854.
    • (1995) Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management , vol.13 , pp. 823-854
    • Mount, M.K.1    Barrick, M.2
  • 26
    • 33745309617 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive ability tests in employment: Ethical perspectives of employers and society
    • Olian, J. D., & Guthrie, J. P. (1987). Cognitive ability tests in employment: Ethical perspectives of employers and society. Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, 9, 185-213.
    • (1987) Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy , vol.9 , pp. 185-213
    • Olian, J.D.1    Guthrie, J.P.2
  • 27
    • 0031480149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of goal orientation, ability, need for achievement, and locus of control in the self-efficacy and goal setting process
    • Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (1997). Role of goal orientation, ability, need for achievement, and locus of control in the self-efficacy and goal setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 792-802.
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 792-802
    • Phillips, J.M.1    Gully, S.M.2
  • 28
    • 0030532253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of two strategies for reducing adverse impact and their effects on criterion-related validity
    • Pulakos, E. P., & Schmitt, N. (1996). An evaluation of two strategies for reducing adverse impact and their effects on criterion-related validity. Human Performance, 9, 241-258.
    • (1996) Human Performance , vol.9 , pp. 241-258
    • Pulakos, E.P.1    Schmitt, N.2
  • 29
    • 84993055485 scopus 로고
    • Validity and fairness of some alternative employee selection procedures
    • Reilly, R. R., & Chao, G. (1982). Validity and fairness of some alternative employee selection procedures. Personnel Psychology, 35, 1-62.
    • (1982) Personnel Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 1-62
    • Reilly, R.R.1    Chao, G.2
  • 30
    • 0003005043 scopus 로고
    • The validity and fairness of alternatives to cognitive ability tests
    • L. Wing & B. Gifford (Eds.), Boston: Kluwer
    • Reilly, R. R., & Warech, M. A. (1993). The validity and fairness of alternatives to cognitive ability tests. In L. Wing & B. Gifford (Eds.), Policy issues in employment testing (pp. 131-224). Boston: Kluwer.
    • (1993) Policy Issues in Employment Testing , pp. 131-224
    • Reilly, R.R.1    Warech, M.A.2
  • 31
    • 0035592113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic group differences in cognitive ability in employment and education settings: A meta-analysis
    • Roth, P. L., BeVier, C. A., Bobko, P., Switzer. F. S., III, & Tyler, P. (2001). Ethnic group differences in cognitive ability in employment and education settings: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 54, 297-330.
    • (2001) Personnel Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 297-330
    • Roth, P.L.1    BeVier, C.A.2    Bobko, P.3    Switzer III, F.S.4    Tyler, P.5
  • 32
    • 0034195078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • College grade point average as a personnel selection device: Ethnic group differences and potential adverse impact
    • Roth, P. L., & Bobko, P. (2000). College grade point average as a personnel selection device: Ethnic group differences and potential adverse impact. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 399-406.
    • (2000) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 399-406
    • Roth, P.L.1    Bobko, P.2
  • 33
    • 0035538577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior selection causes biased estimates of standardized ethnic group differences: Simulation and analysis
    • Roth, P. L., Bobko, P., Switzer, F. S., III, & Dean, M. A. (2001). Prior selection causes biased estimates of standardized ethnic group differences: Simulation and analysis. Personnel Psychology, 54, 591-617.
    • (2001) Personnel Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 591-617
    • Roth, P.L.1    Bobko, P.2    Switzer III, F.S.3    Dean, M.A.4
  • 34
    • 0036337995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corrections for range restriction in structured interview ethnic group differences: The values may be larger man researchers thought
    • Roth, P. L., Van Iddekinge, C. H., Huffcutt, A. I., Eidson, C. E., Jr., & Bobko, P. (2002). Corrections for range restriction in structured interview ethnic group differences: The values may be larger man researchers thought. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 369-376.
    • (2002) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 369-376
    • Roth, P.L.1    Van Iddekinge, C.H.2    Huffcutt, A.I.3    Eidson Jr., C.E.4    Bobko, P.5
  • 35
    • 33745314326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality saturation in structured interviews: Less than we thought?
    • (August). J. M. Werner (Chair), Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Denver, CO
    • Roth, P. L., Van Iddekinge, C. H., Huffcutt, A. I., Eidson, C. E., Jr., & Schmit, M. (2002, August). Personality saturation in structured interviews: Less than we thought? In J. M. Werner (Chair), Issues in employment interviewing. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Denver, CO.
    • (2002) Issues in Employment Interviewing
    • Roth, P.L.1    Van Iddekinge, C.H.2    Huffcutt, A.I.3    Eidson Jr., C.E.4    Schmit, M.5
  • 36
    • 0032382323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using personality testing to reduce adverse impact: A cautionary note
    • Ryan, A. M., Ployhart, R. E., & Friedel, L. A. (1998). Using personality testing to reduce adverse impact: A cautionary note. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 298-307.
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 298-307
    • Ryan, A.M.1    Ployhart, R.E.2    Friedel, L.A.3
  • 37
    • 0031535435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of forming multi-predictor composites on group differences and adverse impact
    • Sackett, P. R., & Ellingson, J. (1997). The effects of forming multi-predictor composites on group differences and adverse impact. Personnel Psychology, 50, 707-721.
    • (1997) Personnel Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 707-721
    • Sackett, P.R.1    Ellingson, J.2
  • 38
    • 0030306018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-stage selection strategies: A Monte Carlo investigation of effects on performance and minority hiring
    • Sackett, P. R., & Roth, L. (1996). Multi-stage selection strategies: A Monte Carlo investigation of effects on performance and minority hiring. Personnel Psychology, 49, 549-572.
    • (1996) Personnel Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 549-572
    • Sackett, P.R.1    Roth, L.2
  • 39
    • 84978049716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-stakes testing in employment, credentialing, and higher education: Prospects in a post-affirmative-action world
    • Sackett, P. R., Schmitt, N., Ellingson, J. E., & Kabin, M. E. (2001). High-stakes testing in employment, credentialing, and higher education: Prospects in a post-affirmative-action world. American Psychologist, 56, 302-318.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 302-318
    • Sackett, P.R.1    Schmitt, N.2    Ellingson, J.E.3    Kabin, M.E.4
  • 41
    • 0032391899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings
    • Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 262-274.
    • (1998) Psychological Bulletin , vol.124 , pp. 262-274
    • Schmidt, F.L.1    Hunter, J.E.2
  • 42
    • 0001385391 scopus 로고
    • Selection utility in the occupation of U.S. park ranger for three modes of test use
    • Schmidt, F. L., Mack, M. J., & Hunter, J. E. (1984). Selection utility in the occupation of U.S. park ranger for three modes of test use. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 490-497.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 490-497
    • Schmidt, F.L.1    Mack, M.J.2    Hunter, J.E.3
  • 43
    • 0000136257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgroup differences associated with different measures of some common job relevant constructs
    • C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Rds.), New York: Wiley
    • Schmitt, N., Clause, C. S., & Pulakos, E. D. (1996). Subgroup differences associated with different measures of some common job relevant constructs. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Rds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 115-137). New York: Wiley.
    • (1996) International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 115-137
    • Schmitt, N.1    Clause, C.S.2    Pulakos, E.D.3
  • 45
    • 2942650555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the effects of differential item (functioning and differential) test functioning on selection decisions: When are statistically significant effects practically important?
    • Stark, S., Chernyshenko, O., & Drasgow, F. (2004). Examining the effects of differential item (functioning and differential) test functioning on selection decisions: When are statistically significant effects practically important? Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 497-508.
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 497-508
    • Stark, S.1    Chernyshenko, O.2    Drasgow, F.3
  • 46
    • 33745847757 scopus 로고
    • Belief in the law of small numbers
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1971). Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychological Bulletin, 67, 105-110.
    • (1971) Psychological Bulletin , vol.67 , pp. 105-110
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 47
    • 21844483681 scopus 로고
    • Theory testing: Combining psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling
    • Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (1995). Theory testing: Combining psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling. Personnel Psychology, 48, 865-886.
    • (1995) Personnel Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 865-886
    • Viswesvaran, C.1    Ones, D.S.2
  • 49
    • 0002073039 scopus 로고
    • Statistical hazards in the determination of adverse impact with small samples
    • Wing, H. (1982). Statistical hazards in the determination of adverse impact with small samples. Personnel Psychology, 35, 153-162.
    • (1982) Personnel Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 153-162
    • Wing, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.