The 'Pinking' of Viagra culture: Drug industry efforts to create and repackage sex drugs for women

Sexualities

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 363-378

  Hartley, Heather ^a  

^a PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD); Medicalization; Off label prescriptions; Pharmaceutical industry; Viagra

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745287179     PISSN: 13634607     EISSN: 14617382     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1363460706065058     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abramson, J. (2004) Overdosed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine. New York: HarperCollins.
2. APA (American Psychiatric Association) (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn). Washington, DC: APA.
3. Angell, M. (2000a) 'Is Academic Medicine for Sale?' The New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1516-1518.
4. Angell, M. (2000b) 'The Pharmaceutical Industry: To Whom is it Accountable?' The New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1902-1904.
5. Angell, M. (2004) The Truth about the Drug Companies. New York: Random House.
6. Bancroft, J. (2002) 'The Medicalization of Female Sexual Dysfunction: The Need for Caution' Archives of Sexual Behavior 31: 451-455.
7. Bancroft, J., Loftus, J. and Long, J. (2003) 'Distress About Sex: A National Survey of Women in Heterosexual Relationships' Archives of Sexual Behavior 32: 193-208.
8. Basson, R., Berman, J., Burnett, A., Derogatis, L. Ferguson, D., Fourcroy, J., et al. (2000) 'Report of the International Consensus Development Conference on Female Sexual Dysfunction: Definitions and Classifications' Journal of Urology 163: 888-892.
9. Basson, R., Bourgeois-Law, G., Fourcroy, J., Heiman, J., Priestman, A., Rowe, T., Stevenson, R., Thomson, S. and Tiefer, L. (2001) 'Androgen "Deficiency" in Women is Problematic' Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, pp. 45-47, URL (accessed 18 March 2002) http://www.medicalsexuality.org
10. Berman Center (2004) URL (accessed March 2006): http://www.bermancenter.com
11. Bmerman, J. and Berman, L., with Elisabeth Bumiller (2001) For Women Only: A Revolutionary Guide to Overcoming Sexual Dysfunction and Reclaiming Your Sex Life. New York: Henry Holt.
12. Berman, L. and Berman, J. (2005) Secrets of the Sexually Satisfied Woman: Ten Keys to Unlocking Ultimate Pleasure. New York: Hyperion.
13. Bodenheimer, T. (2000) 'Uneasy Alliance: Clinical Investigators and the Pharmaceutical Industry' The New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1539-1544.
14. CBSNEWS (2003) 'Is Viagra for Women an Illusion?' URL (accessed 5 March 2003) http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/03
15. CBSNEWS (2004) 'Women's Sexual Woes Get Attention' URL (accessed 6 May 2004) http://www.cbsnews.com/sections/eveningnews/main3420.shtml
16. Conrad, P. and Lieter, V. (2004) 'Medicalization Markets and Consumers' Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45 (extra issue) 158-176
17. Davis, S., Davison, S., Donath, S., Bell, R. (2005) 'Circulating Androgen Levels and Self-Reported Sexual Function in Women' Journal of the American Medical Association 294: 91-96
18. Enserik M. (2005) 'Let's Talk about Sex - and Drugs' Science 308 (10 June) 1578-1580
19. Fishman, J. A. (2004) 'Manufacturing Desire: The Commodification of Female Sexual Dysfunction' Studies of Science 34: 187-218.
20. Fourcroy, J. (2001) 'Androgen. Deficiency Syndrome in Women: Implications, Mechanisms and Treatments', paper presented at the Female Sexual Function Forum (FSFF) conference 25-28 October, Boston, MA.
21. Freudenberg, N. (2005) 'Public Health Advocacy to Change Corporate Practices: Implications for Health Education Practice and Research' Health Education and Behavior 32: 1-22.
22. FSD-Alert.org. (2004- 2006) 'FDA Hearing on Intrinsa, New View Resources' URL (accessed March 2006): http://www.fsd-alert.org/intrinsa.html
23. Gillis, J. (2001) 'New Drugs to Compete with Viagra' Washington Post (12 August) A1-A1 14-14, 15-15.
24. Harris, G. (2004). 'Pfizer Gives up Testing Viagra on Women' New York Times (28 February), URL (accessed 1 March 2004): http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/28/business/28viagra.html
25. Hartley, H. (2002) 'Promising Liberation but Delivering Business as Usual?' Sexualities 5 (1): 107-113.
26. Hartley, H. (2003) '"Big Pharma" in our Bedrooms: An Analysis of the Medicalization of Women's Sexual Problems' Advances in Gender Research 7: 89-129.
27. Hartley, H. and Tiefer, L. (2003) 'Taking a Biological Turn: The Push for a "Female Viagra" and the Medicalization of Women's Sexual Problems' Women's Studies Quarterly 31 1-2 42-46
28. Kantrowitz, B. and Wingert, P. (2005) 'Inside the Struggle to Treat Women with Dwindling Sex Drives', Newsweek (4 October), URL (accessed 4 October 2005): http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9546806/site/newsweek/
29. Kaschak, E. and Tiefer, L. (eds) (2001) A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. New York: The Haworth Press.
30. Kassirer J. P. 2005 On the Take: How Medicine's Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health. New York: Oxford University Press.
31. Kelleher, S. (2005) 'Clash Over "Little Blue Pill" for Women' Seattle Times (30 June), URL (accessed 4 July 2005): http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/health/suddenlysick/
32. Laumann, E., Paik, A. and Rosen, R. (1999) 'Sexual Dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and Predictors' Journal of the American Medical Association 281: 537-544.
33. Leland, J. (2000) 'The Science of Women and Sex' Newsweek (29 May) 48-55
34. Loe M. (2004) The Rise of Viagra: How the Little Blue Pill Changed Sex in America. New York: New York University Press.
35. Moynihan, R. (2003a) 'The Making of a Disease: Female Sexual Dysfunction' British Medical Journal 326: 45-47.
36. Moynihan, R. (2003b) 'Company Launches Campaign to Counter BMJ Claims' British Medical Journal 326: 120-120.
37. Murdock, M. and Berman, L. (2004) 'Did it Work?' URL (accessed 25 January 2006) http://www.newshe.com/articles/article_retrieve.php?articleid=130
38. NAMS (North American Menopause Society) (2005) 'The Role of Testosterone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: A Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society' Menopause: The Journals of the North American Menopause Society 12 497-511
39. Neff, J. (2003) 'P & G Sex Patch to Get $100 Million Advertising Push' URL (accessed 15 December 2003): http://www.adage.com/news
40. Network for Excellence in Women's Sexual Health (2004) 'Woman's Sexual Health: State-of-the-Art Series' URL (accessed 5 May 2004): http://www.newshe.com/wsh2004/womanbrochure2004.html
41. O'Connor, A. (October 2, 2005) 'Dr. Berman's Sex Rx', Los Angeles Times (2 October), URL (accessed 25 January 2006): http://www.latimes.com/features/health/medicine/ la-tm-sexresearch40oct02,1,7694520.story
42. Organon International (2004) 'Organon Announces Research Study to Investigate Livial in Postmenopausal Women with Sexual Dysfunction' URL (accessed 6 May 2004): http://www.organon.com/news
43. Payer, L. (1992) Disease-Mongers: How Doctors, Drug Companies, and Insurers are Making You Feel Sick. New York: Wiley & Sons.
44. Reid, B. (2003) 'Bed Medicine? It's Not a Drug. But Ads for a "Viagra-like" Product for Women Might Fool You' The Washington Post (29 July): HE01-HE01.
45. Relman, A. (2001) 'Separating Continuing Medical Education from Pharmaceutical Marketing' Journal of the American Medical Association 285: 2009-2111.
46. Tiefer, L. (2000a) 'Sexology and the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Threat of Co-optation' Journal of Sex Research 37: 273-283.
47. Tiefer, L. (2000b) 'The "Consensus" Conference on Female Sexual Dysfunction: Conflicts of Interest and Hidden Agendas' Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy 27: 227-236.
48. Tiefer, L. (2002) '"Female Sexual Dysfunction": Where'd It Come From and Where's It Going?' paper presented at the conference The New Female Sexual Dysfunction: Promises, Prescriptions, and Profits. San Francisco, CA. 9 March 2002.
49. Tiefer, L. (2004) Sex is Not a Natural Act (2nd edn). Boulder, CO: Westview.
50. Tiefer, L. (2006) 'Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Contemporary Care Study of Disease Mongering and Activist Resistance' paper presented at the Inaugural Conference on Disease-Mongering, 11-13 April, Newcastle, Australia.
51. Zestra (2006) Zestra home page, URL (accessed March 2006): http://www.zestraforwomen.com