Nutrient removal from septic effluents as affected by soil thickness and texture

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 177-195

  Karathanasis, A D ^a   Mueller, T G ^a   Boone, B ^a   Thompson, Y L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

BOD; Domestic wastewater treatment; NH4 N, NO3 N; Soil monoliths; Soil texture; Soil thickness; Total N; Total P; Vertical separation distance

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GROUND WATER; NITRATE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS;

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; DOMESTIC WASTE; EFFLUENT; LEACHING; SOIL TEXTURE; WASTE TREATMENT; WASTEWATER;

ARTICLE; BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; CONTAMINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENITRIFICATION; DOMESTIC WASTE; EFFLUENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS; HOUSEHOLD; LEACHING; NITRIFICATION; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; REFERENCE VALUE; SEPTIC TANK; SOIL PROPERTY; SOIL TEXTURE; SOIL TREATMENT; UNITED STATES; WASTE WATER; WATER SUPPLY;

KENTUCKY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 33745263771     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/WH.2006.0015     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Anderson, D. L., Otis, R. J., McNeillie, J. I. & Apfel, R. A. 1994 In-situ lysimeter investigation of pollutant attenuation in the vadose zone of a fine sand. In: On-site Wastewater Treatment. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, pp. 209-218.
2. Andreoli, A., Bartilucci, N. & Reynolds, R. 1979 Nitrogen removal in a subsurface disposal system. J. Wat Pollut. Control Fed. 51, 841-854.
3. APHA (American Public Health Association) 1992 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
4. Bouma, J., Ziebell, W. A., Walker, W. G., Olcott, P. G., McCoy, E. & Hole, F. D. 1972 Soil Absorption of Septic Tank Effluent: A Field Study of Some Major Soils in Wisconsin. Information Circular no. 20. University of Wisconsin Extension Geological and Natural History Survey, Madison, WI.
5. Canter, L. & Knox, R. 1985 Septic Tank System Effects on Groundwater Quality. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
6. Chaney, A. L. & Marbach, E. P. 1962 Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin. Chem. 8, 130-132.
7. Coyne, M. S., Howell, J. M. & Phillips, R. E. 1997 How do bacteria move through soil? Soil Sci. News Views 18(1).
8. Cogger, C. G. & Carlile, B. L. 1984 Field performance of conventional and alternative septic systems in wet soils. J.Environ. Qual. 13, 137-142.
9. D'Angelo, E. M., Crutchfield, J. & Vandiviere, M. 2001 Rapid, sensitive, microscale determination of phosphate in water and soil. J. Environ. Qual. 30, 2206-2209.
10. Duncan, C. S., Reneau, R. B., Jr. & Hagedorn, C. 1994 Impact of effluent quality and soil depth on renovation of domestic wastewater. In: On-site Wastewater Treatment. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, Atlanta, GA, 11-13 December. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, pp. 210-228.
11. Hall, S. 1990 Vertical Separation: A Review of Available Scientific Literature and a Listing From Fifteen Other States. Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA, pp. 14.
12. Harman, J., Robertson, W. D., Cherry, J. A. & Zanini, L. 1996 Impacts on a sand aquifer from an oId septic system: nitrate and phosphate. Ground Wat. 34, 1105-1114.
13. Harrison, R. B., Turner, N. S., Hoyle, J. A, Krejsl, J., Tone, D. D., Henry, C. L., Isaksen, P. J. & Xue, D. 2000 Treatment of septic effluent for fecal colifortn and nitrogen in coarse-textured soils: use of soil only and sand filter systems. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 124, 205-215.
14. Jenssen, P. D. & Siegrist, R. L. 1990 Technology assessment of wastewater treatment by soil infiltration systems. Wat. Sci. Technol. 22, 83-92.
15. Kaplan, O. B. 1991 Septic Systems Handbook. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
16. Kentucky Cabinet for Human Resources 1989 Kentucky Onsite Sewage Disposal Systems Regulations, 902 KAR 10:081; 902 KAR 10:085 Frankfort, KY.
17. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 2001 Existing Individual Sewage-treatment Systems: Vertical Separation, Water/Wastewater-ISTS #4.32.
18. Sikora, L. J. & Corey, R. B. 1976 Fate of nitrogen and phosphorus in soils under septic tank waste disposal fields. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engnrs. 19, 866-875.
19. Starr, J. L. & Sawhney, B. L. 1980 Movement of nitrogen and carbon from a septic system drainfield. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 13, 113-123.
20. University of Wisconsin-Madison 1978 Management of Small Water Flows, EPA-600/7-78-173. US EPA Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
21. Tofflemire, T. J. & Chen, M. 1977 Phosphate removal by sands and soils. Ground Wat. 15, 377-387.
22. US EPA 1980 Design Manual: Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems, EPA/625/1-80/012. Office of Research and Development and Office of Water, Cincinnati, OH.
23. US EPA 2002 Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, EPA/625/R-00/ 008. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
24. Vinten, A. J. A., Mingelgrin, U. & Yaron, B. 1983 The effect of suspended solids in wastewater on soil hydraulic conductivity: 2.Vertical distribution of suspended solids. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47, 408-412.
25. Walker, W. G., Bouma, J., Keeney, D. R. & Magdoff, F. R. 1973 Nitrogen transformations during subsurface disposal of septic tank effluent in sands: soil transformations. J. Environ. Qual. 2, 475-480.