Critical flotation density of pipelines in soils liquefied by waves and density of liquefied soils

Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering

Volumn 132, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 252-265

  Sumer, B Mutlu ^a   Hatipoglu, Figen ^a   Fredsøe, Jørgen ^a   Hansen, Niels Erik Ottesen ^b  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b LICENGINEERING A S   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Gas pipelines; Liquefaction; Underwater pipelines; Waves

Indexed keywords

DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); DENSITY MEASUREMENT (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); GAS PIPELINES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SILT; SOIL LIQUEFACTION;

CRITICAL FLOTATION DENSITY; FLUID DENSITY; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; LIQUEFIED SOILS; PIPELINE FLOTATION;

SUBMARINE PIPELINES;

DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); DENSITY MEASUREMENT (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); GAS PIPELINES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SILT; SOIL LIQUEFACTION; SUBMARINE PIPELINES;

GAS PIPELINE; LIQUEFACTION; OCEAN WAVE; SILT; SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; SUBMARINE PIPELINE;

EID: 33745255701     PISSN: 0733950X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2006)132:4(252)     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. ASCE Pipeline Flotation Research Council. (1966). "ASCE preliminary research on pipeline flotation." J. Pipeline Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. JPLEAZ0569-8014, 92(1), 27-71.
2. Baldock, T. E., Tomkins, M. R., Nielsen, P., and Hughes, M. G. (2004). "Settling velocity of sediments at high concentrations." Coastal Eng. COENDE0378-3839, 51, 91-100.
3. Cheng, N.-S. (1997). "Effect of concentration on settling velocity of sediment particles." J. Hydraul. Eng. JHEND80733-942910.1061/ (ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:8(728), 123(8), 728-731.
4. Christian, J. T., Taylor, P. K., Yen, J. K. C., and Erali, D. R., (1974)."Large diameter underwater pipeline for nuclear plant designed against soil liquefaction." Proc., Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, Paper No. OTC 2094, 597-606.
5. Clukey, E. C., Kulhawy, F. H., and Liu, P. L.-F. (1983). "Laboratory and field investigation of sediment interaction." Cornell University, Itacha, New York, Geotechnical Engineering Rep. No. 83-9.
6. Damgaard, J. S. (2005). "Soil liquefaction around and its implications for pipelines." Proc., LIMAS, End-User Workshop to Present State-of-the-Art Knowledge, 2004, Pau, France 〈http://vb.mek.dtu.dk/research/limas/public/ Power_Point_Presentations_End_User_Workshop.html〉.
7. de Groot, M. B., and Meijers, P. (1992). "Liquefaction of trench fill around a pipeline in the seabed." Proc., BOSS 92: Behaviour of Offshore Structures, London, 1333-1344.
8. Foda, M. A. (1995). "Sea floor dynamics." Advances in coastal and ocean engineering, P. L.-F. Liu, ed., Vol. 1, World Scientific, River Edge, N.J., 77-123.
9. Foda, M. A., and Tzang, S.-Y. (1994). "Resonant fluidization of silty soil by water waves." J. Geophys. Res.JGREA20148-022710.1029/ 94JC02040, 99(C10), 20,463-20,475.
10. Fredsøe, J., and Deigaard, R. (1992). Mechanics of coastal sediment transport, World Scientific, River Edge, N.J.
11. Gravesen, H., and Fredsøe, J. (1983). "Modelling of liquefaction, scour and natural backfilling processes in relation to marine pipelines." Proc., Offshore Oil and Gas Pipeline Technology, 1983 European Seminar, Copenhagen, Denmark.
12. Herbich, J. B., Schiller, R. E., Dunlap, W. A., and Watanabe, R. K. (1984). Seafloor scour, design guidelines for ocean-founded structures, Marcel Dekker, New York.
13. Jeng, D. S. (1997). "Wave-induced seabed instability in front of a breakwater." Ocean Eng. OCENBQ0029-801810.1016/ S0029-8018(96)00046-7, 24(10), 887-917.
14. Jeng, D.-S., and Cheng, L. (2000). "Wave-induced seabed instability around a buried pipeline in a poro-elastic seabed." Ocean Eng. OCENBQ0029-801810.1016/S0029-8018(98)00046-8, 27, 127-146.
15. Kao, C. C. (1993). "Discussion of Wave-induced effective stress in seabed and its momentary liquefaction by T. Sakai, K. Hatanaka, and H. Mase." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. JWPED50733-950X, 119(6), 692-693.
16. Lambe, T. W., and Whitman, R. V. (1969). Soil mechanics, Wiley, New York.
17. Law, A. W. K. (1993). "Discussion of Wave-induced effective stress in seabed and its momentary liquefaction by T. Sakai, K. Hatanaka, and H. Mase." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. JWPED50733-950X, 119(6), 694-695.
18. Maeno, S., Magda, W., and Nago, H. (1999)."Flotation of buried pipeline under cyclic loading of water pressure." Proc., 9th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf. and Exhibition, Vol. II, Brest, France, 217-225.
19. Maeno, S., and Nago, H. (1988). "Settlement of a concrete block into a sand bed under water pressure variation." Modelling soil-structure interactions, P. A. Kolkman, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 67-76.
20. McDougal, W. G., Tsai, Y. T., Liu, P. L.-F., and Clukey, E. C. (1989). "Wave-induced pore water pressure accumulation in marine soils." J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. JMOEEX0892-7219, 111, 1-11.
21. Miyamoto, J., Sassa, S., and Sekiguchi, H. (2004) "Progressive solidification of a liquefied sand layer during continued wave loading." Geotechnique GTNQA80016-8505, 54(10), 617-629.
22. Raudkivi, A. J. (1998). Loose boundary hydraulics, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam/Brookfield, The Netherlands.
23. Sakai, T., Gotoh, H., and Yamamoto, T. (1994). "Block subsidence under pressure and flow." Proc., 24th Conf. on Coastal Engineering (ICCE 94), Kobe, Japan, 1541-1552.
24. Sakai, T., Hatanaka, K., and Mase, H. (1992). "Wave-induced effective stress in seabed and its momentary liquefaction." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. JWPED50733-950X, 118(2), 202-206.
25. Sakai, T., Hatanaka, K., and Mase, H. (1993). "Closure to Wave-induced effective stress is seabed and its momentary liquefaction." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. JWPED50733-950X, 119(6), 696-697.
26. Sassa, S., and Sekiguchi, H. (1999). "Wave-induced liquefaction of beds of sand in a centrifuge." Geotechnique GTNQA80016-8505, 49(5), 621-638.
27. Seed, H. B., and Rahman, M. S. (1978). "Wave-induced pore pressure in relation to ocean floor stability of cohesionless soil." Mar. Geotech. MGGEEI1064-119X, 3(2), 123-150.
28. Sekiguchi, H., Kita, K., and Okamoto, O. (1995)."Response of poro-elastoplastic beds to standing waves." Soils Found. SOIFBE0038-0806, 35(3), 31-42.
29. Silvis, F. (1990). "Wave induced liquefaction of seabed below pipeline." Proc., 4th Young Geotechnical Engineers' Conf., Delft, The Netherlands.
30. Spierenburg, S. E. J. (1987). "Seabed response to water waves." Ph.D. dissertation, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
31. Sumer, B. M., and Fredsøe, J., (1997). Hydrodynamics around cylindrical structures. World Scientific, River Edge, N.J.
32. Sumer, B. M., and Fredsøe, J., (2002). The mechanics of scour in the marine environment, World Scientific, River Edge, N.J.
33. Sumer, B. M., Fredsøe, J., Christensen, S., and Lind, M. T. (1999). "Sinking/flotation of pipelines and other objects in liquefied soil under waves." Coastal Eng. COENDE0378-383910.1016/ S0378-3839(99)00024-1, 38, 53-90.
34. Sumer, B. M., Hatipoglu, F., and Fredsøe, J. (2006a). "Wave scour around a pile in sand and medium dense and dense silt." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., in press.
35. Sumer, B. M., Truelsen, C., and Fredsøe, J., (2006b). "Liquefaction around pipelines under waves." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. JWPED50733-950X, 132(4), 266-275.
36. Sumer, B. M., Hatipoglu, F., Fredsøe, J., and Sumer, S. K. (2006c). "The sequence of soil behaviour during wave-induced liquefaction." Sedimentology SEDIAT0037-0746, in press.
37. Teh, T. C., Palmer, A., Bolton, M. D., and Damgaard, J. (2006). "Stability of submarine pipelines on liquefied seabeds." J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. JWPED50733-950X, 132(4), 244-251.
38. Teh, T. C., Palmer, A., and Damgaard, J. (2003). "Experimental study of marine pipelines on unstable and liquefied seabed." Coastal Eng. COENDE0378-3839, 50, 1-17.
39. Tzang, S. Y. (1998). "Unfluidized soil responses of a silty seabed to monochromatic waves." Ocean Eng. OCENBQ0029-8018, 35, 283-301.
40. Tzang, S. Y., Hunt, J. R., and Foda, M. A. (1992). "Resuspension of seabed sediments by water waves." Abstract Book of Proc., 23rd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, ICCE' 92, Venice, Italy, 69-70.
41. Wang, X., Jeng, D. S., and Lin, Y. S. (2000). "Effects of a cover layer on wave-induced pore pressure around a buried pipe in an anisotropic seabed." Ocean Eng. OCENBQ0029-801810.1016/ S0029-8018(99)00012-8, 27, 823-839.
42. Zen, K., and Yamazaki, H. (1993). "Wave-induced liquefaction in a permeable seabed." Rep. Prepared for the Port and Harbour Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan, Vol., 31, 155-192.