Accidental and intentional animal disease outbreaks: Assessing the risk and preparing an effective response

OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 21-33

  Hugh Jones, M ^a   Brown, C C ^b  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioterrorism; Bioweapon; Challenge; Emerging animal disease; Livestock; Post harvest; Pre harvest; Public health; Target; Threat

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; EPIDEMIC; HUMAN; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ANIMAL DISEASES; ANIMALS; BIOTERRORISM; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HUMANS; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33745230727     PISSN: 02531933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Anon. (1966). - Deliberate spreading of typhoid in Japan. Sci. J., 2 (10), 11-12.
2. Anon. (2005). - Chemical and biological weapons resource page. Agro-terrorism. Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Monterey Institute of International Studies. Available at: http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw/index.htm (accessed 22 May 2005).
3. Anon. (2005). - Global risks of infectious animal diseases. In Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST). CAST Issue Paper No. 28, February. CAST, Ames, Iowa, 1-16.
4. Anon. (2005). - Terrorism: lessons from anarchy, and Special Report: the anarchists. Economist (London), 376 (8440), 12, 17-20.
5. Brown C. (2004). - Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health significance: an overview, in Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health concern (L.J. King, ed.). Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 23 (2), 435-442.
6. Carus S. (1998). - Bioterrorism and biocrimes: the illicit use of biological agents since 1900. Available at: http://www. ndu.edu/Centercounter/ Full_doc.pdf (accessed on 25 June 2005).
7. Casagrande R. (2002). - Biological warfare targeted at livestock. BioScience, 52 (7), 577-833.
8. Casagrande R. (2005). - Agriculture bioterrorism (agriculture biosecurity, agroterrorism). In Encyclopedia of bioterrorism defense (R.F. Pilch & R.A. Ziliskas, eds). Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 9-15.
9. Chalk P. (2004). - Hitting America's soft underbelly. Rand Corporation, New York.
10. Frazier T & Richardson D. (eds) (1999). - Food and agriculture security: guarding against natural threats and terrorist attacks affecting health, national food supplies, and agricultural economics. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 894, 233.
11. Harris S. (1999). - The Japanese biological warfare programme: an overview. In Biological and toxin weapons: research, development and use from the Middle Ages to 1945 (E. Geissler & J. Moon, eds). Chapter 7. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press, 127-152.
12. For a deeper analysis read Harris S.H. (1995). - Factories of death: Japanese biological warfare: 1932-1945 and the American cover-up, Chapters 6 and 7, Routledge.
13. Hugh-Jones M. (2001). - Distinguishing natural and unnatural outbreaks of animal diseases. In Scientific and technical means of distinguishing between natural and unnatural outbreaks of disease (M. Dando, G. Pearson & B. Kriz, eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 63-73.
14. Jackson B.A. (2001). - Technology acquisition by terrorist groups: threat assessment informed by lessons from private sector technology adoption. Stud. Conflict Tenor., 24 (3), 183-213.
15. Kolavic S.A., Kimura A., Simons S.L., Slutsker L., Barth S. & Haley C. (1997). - An outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. J. Am. med. Assoc., 278, 396-398.
16. Manning L., Baines R.N. & Chadd S.A. (2005). - Deliberate contamination of the food supply chain. Br. Food J., 107 (4), 225-245.
17. Morse S.S. (2004). - Factors and determinants of disease emergence. In Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health concern (L.J. King, ed.). Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 23(2), 443-451.
18. National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (2005). - Terrorist group reports by TACTIC. Available at: http://www.tkb.org/ GroupTacticModule.jsp (accessed on 17 May 2005).
19. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2005). - OSHA completes investigation and issues citations and letter of significant findings and recommendations in Boston University Biosafety Lab case. OSHA Regional News Release, 5 September, US Department of Labor. OSHA, Washington, DC. Available at: http://www.osha.gov/pls/ oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEAS ES&p_id=11351 (accessed on 1 March 2006).
20. Parker H.S. (2002). - Agricultural bioterrorism: a federal strategy to meet the threat. McNair Paper 65, US Government Printing Office. National Defense University, Washington, DC.
21. Petro J.B. & Relman D.A. (2003). - Understanding threats to scientific openness. Science, 302 (5652), 1898-1899.
22. Phills J.A., Harrold A.J., Whiteman G.V. & Perelmutter P. (1972). - Pulmonary infiltrates, asthma and eosinophilia due to Ascaris suis infestation in man. N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 965-970.
23. ProMEDmail (2005). - Salmonellosis, precooked chicken - Spain. Available at: http://www.promedmail.org/pls/promed/ f?p=2400:1202:9936429320535934719::NO: :F2400_P1202_CHECK_DISPLAY,F2400_P1202_PUB_MAIL_ID:X,29929 (accessed on 3 August 2005).
24. Sageman M. (2004). - Understanding terror networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
25. Tork T.J., Tauxe R.V., Wise R.P., Livengood J.R., Sokolow S., Mauvais S., Birkness K.A., Skeels M.R., Horan J.M. & Foster L.R. (1997). - A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars. J. Am. med. Assoc., 278 (8), 389-395.
26. Vallat B. (2003). - Editorial from the Director General. Biosafety, biosecurity and prevention of diseases. World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris. Available at: http://www.oie.int/eng/Edito/en_edito_jun03.htm (accessed on 2 May 2005).
27. Vallat B. (2005). - American Veterinary Medical Association, 28th World Veterinary Congress, 16-20 July, Minneapolis. Veterinarians Discuss Agroterrorism. Available at: fmdweb@ucdavis.edu and http://www.startribune.com/ stories/462/5510541.html (accessed on 2 May 2005).
28. Wilson T.M., Gregg D.A., King D.J., Noah D.L., Perkins L.E., Swayne D.E. & Inskeep II W. (2001). - Agroterrorism, biological crimes, and biowarfare targeting animal agriculture. In Laboratory aspects of biowarfare (A.M. Marty ed.). Clin. Lab. Med., 21 (3), 549-591.
29. Wilson T.M., Logan-Henfry L., Wheeler R. & Kellman B. (2000). - Agroterrorism, biological crimes and biological warfare targeting animal agriculture. In Emerging diseases of animals (C. Brown & C. Bolin, eds), Chapter 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC, 23-57.
30. World Health Organization (WHO) (2002). - Terrorist threats to food: guidance for establishing and strengthening prevention and response systems network. Available at: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/general/en/ terror ist.pdf (accessed on 2 May 2005).
31. Yagupsky P. & Baron E.J. (2005). - Laboratory exposures to brucellae and implications for bioterrorism. Emerg. infect. Dis., 11 (8), 1180-1185.