메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 599-626

Shifting cultivation and deforestation in tropical Africa: Critical reflections

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; DEFORESTATION; SHIFTING CULTIVATION;

EID: 33745205065     PISSN: 0012155X     EISSN: 14677660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0012-155X.2006.00492.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (116)
  • 2
    • 33745224382 scopus 로고
    • 'Contact between Forest and Savanna in Eastern Cameroon: Preliminary Studies of Chromolaena Odorata'
    • Paper presented at the Third International Workshop on Bio-Control & Management of C. odorata. University of Queensland, Australia. See:
    • Achoundong, G., J. Bonvallot and Y. Happi (1994) 'Contact between Forest and Savanna in Eastern Cameroon: Preliminary Studies of Chromolaena Odorata'. Paper presented at the Third International Workshop on Bio-Control & Management of C. odorata. University of Queensland, Australia. See: http://www.cpitt.uq.edu.au/chromolaena/3/3ach.html
    • (1994)
    • Achoundong, G.1    Bonvallot, J.2    Happi, Y.3
  • 3
    • 0036252107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Weed Seedbank Characteristics of Arable Fields under Different Fallow Management Systems in the Humid Tropical Zone of Southeastern Nigeria'
    • Akobundu, I. O. and F. Ekeleme (2002) 'Weed Seedbank Characteristics of Arable Fields under Different Fallow Management Systems in the Humid Tropical Zone of Southeastern Nigeria', Agroforestry Systems 54: 161-70.
    • (2002) Agroforestry Systems , vol.54 , pp. 161-170
    • Akobundu, I.O.1    Ekeleme, F.2
  • 5
    • 84886724354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Natural and Cultural Assets and Participatory Forest Management in West Africa'
    • Working Papers 75 (Conference Paper Series: International Conference on Natural Assets). Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
    • Amanor, K. S. (2003) 'Natural and Cultural Assets and Participatory Forest Management in West Africa'. Working Papers 75 (Conference Paper Series: International Conference on Natural Assets). Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    • (2003)
    • Amanor, K.S.1
  • 6
    • 10144244861 scopus 로고
    • 'Nutrient Level Changes during a 20-year Shifting Cultivation Cycle on Sarawak (Malaysia)'
    • K. T. Joseph (ed.) 1977 Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Society of Soil Science
    • Andriesse, J. P. (1980) 'Nutrient Level Changes during a 20-year Shifting Cultivation Cycle on Sarawak (Malaysia)', in K. T. Joseph (ed.) Proceedings of the Conference on Classification and Management of Tropical Soils, 1977, pp. 479-91. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Society of Soil Science.
    • (1980) Proceedings of the Conference on Classification and Management of Tropical Soils , pp. 479-491
    • Andriesse, J.P.1
  • 7
    • 0003694962 scopus 로고
    • Climats, Forêts et Désertification de L'Afrique Tropicale
    • Paris: Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Maritimies et Coloniales
    • Aubréville, A. (1949) Climats, Forêts et Désertification de L'Afrique Tropicale. Paris: Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Maritimies et Coloniales.
    • (1949)
    • Aubréville, A.1
  • 8
    • 0035969905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Trees in Shifting and Continuous Cultivation Farms in Ibadan Area, Southwestern Nigeria'
    • Aweto, A. O. (2001) 'Trees in Shifting and Continuous Cultivation Farms in Ibadan Area, Southwestern Nigeria', Landscape and Urban Planning 53: 163-71.
    • (2001) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.53 , pp. 163-171
    • Aweto, A.O.1
  • 9
    • 0037284510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Effects of Newbouldia Laevis on Soil Subjected to Shifting Cultivation in the Ibadan Area, Southwestern Nigeria'
    • Aweto, A. O. and A. O. Iyanda (2003) 'Effects of Newbouldia Laevis on Soil Subjected to Shifting Cultivation in the Ibadan Area, Southwestern Nigeria', Land Degradation & Development 14: 51-6.
    • (2003) Land Degradation & Development , vol.14 , pp. 51-56
    • Aweto, A.O.1    Iyanda, A.O.2
  • 10
    • 0012457073 scopus 로고
    • 'The Role of Agroforestry in the Farming Systems in Rwanda with Special Reference to the Bugesera-Gisaka-Migongo Region'
    • Balasubramanian, S. and A. Egli (1986) 'The Role of Agroforestry in the Farming Systems in Rwanda with Special Reference to the Bugesera-Gisaka-Migongo Region', Agroforestry Systems 4: 271-89.
    • (1986) Agroforestry Systems , vol.4 , pp. 271-289
    • Balasubramanian, S.1    Egli, A.2
  • 11
    • 85070950840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Cattle and Trees in the West African Savanna'
    • R. Cline-Cole and C. Madge (eds) Burlington, VT: Ashgate
    • Bassett, T. J. and J. Boutrais (2000) 'Cattle and Trees in the West African Savanna', in R. Cline-Cole and C. Madge (eds) Contesting Forestry in West Africa, pp. 242-63. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
    • (2000) Contesting Forestry in West Africa , pp. 242-263
    • Bassett, T.J.1    Boutrais, J.2
  • 14
    • 0034803178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Cropping Intensity Effects on Upland Rice Yield and Sustainability in West Africa'
    • Becker, M. and D. E. Johnson (2001) 'Cropping Intensity Effects on Upland Rice Yield and Sustainability in West Africa', Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 59: 107-17.
    • (2001) Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , vol.59 , pp. 107-117
    • Becker, M.1    Johnson, D.E.2
  • 15
    • 0002518669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Soil Erosion, Animals and Pasture over the Longer Term: Environmental Destruction in Southern Africa'
    • M. Leach and R. Mearns Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. (eds)
    • Beinart, W. (1996) 'Soil Erosion, Animals and Pasture over the Longer Term: Environmental Destruction in Southern Africa', in M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds)The Lie of the Land, pp. 54-72. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1996) The Lie of the Land , pp. 54-72
    • Beinart, W.1
  • 16
    • 0030153455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn: A Global Imperative'
    • Brady, N. (1996) 'Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn: A Global Imperative', Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 58: 3-11.
    • (1996) Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , vol.58 , pp. 3-11
    • Brady, N.1
  • 17
    • 0032406258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Site and Watershed-level Assessment of Nutrient Dynamics under Shifting Cultivation in Eastern Madagascar'
    • Brand, J. and J. L. Pfund (1998) 'Site and Watershed-level Assessment of Nutrient Dynamics under Shifting Cultivation in Eastern Madagascar', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 71: 169-83.
    • (1998) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.71 , pp. 169-183
    • Brand, J.1    Pfund, J.L.2
  • 18
    • 0028286225 scopus 로고
    • 'Appreciating Agrodiversity: A Look at the Dynamism and Diversity of Indigenous Farming Practices'
    • Brookfield, H. and C. Padoch (1994) 'Appreciating Agrodiversity: A Look at the Dynamism and Diversity of Indigenous Farming Practices', Environment 36 (5): 6-21.
    • (1994) Environment , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 6-21
    • Brookfield, H.1    Padoch, C.2
  • 19
    • 0029730588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Tropical Deforestation, Timber Concessions, and Slash-and-Burn Agriculture: Why Encroachment May Promote Conservation of Primary Forests'
    • Bulte, E. and D. van Soest (1996) 'Tropical Deforestation, Timber Concessions, and Slash-and-Burn Agriculture: Why Encroachment May Promote Conservation of Primary Forests', Journal of Forest Economics 2 (1): 55-66.
    • (1996) Journal of Forest Economics , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-66
    • Bulte, E.1    van Soest, D.2
  • 20
    • 0005116986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Dryland Forestry: Manufacturing Consent'
    • M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
    • Cline-Cole, R. (1996) 'Dryland Forestry: Manufacturing Consent', in M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) The Lie of the Land, pp. 122-39. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1996) The Lie of the Land , pp. 122-139
    • Cline-Cole, R.1
  • 21
    • 4243905807 scopus 로고
    • 'Direction et Contrôle des Grands Travaux: Cartographie des jachéres par télédetection en Côte d'Ivoire'
    • DCGTx Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: DCGTx
    • DCGTx (1989) 'Direction et Contrôle des Grands Travaux: Cartographie des jachéres par télédetection en Côte d'Ivoire'. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: DCGTx.
    • (1989)
  • 23
    • 0035052097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Smallholder Cacao (Theobroma cacao Linn) Cultivation in Agroforestry Systems of West and Central Africa: Challenges and Opportunities'
    • Duguma, B., J. Gockowski and J. Bakala (2001) 'Smallholder Cacao (Theobroma cacao Linn.) Cultivation in Agroforestry Systems of West and Central Africa: Challenges and Opportunities', Agroforestry Systems 51: 177-88.
    • (2001) Agroforestry Systems , vol.51 , pp. 177-188
    • Duguma, B.1    Gockowski, J.2    Bakala, J.3
  • 24
    • 0031817506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Early Growth of Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissner) Provenances in the Acid Soils of Southern Cameroon'
    • Duguma, B. and M. Mollet (1998) 'Early Growth of Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissner) Provenances in the Acid Soils of Southern Cameroon', Agroforestry Systems 40: 283-96.
    • (1998) Agroforestry Systems , vol.40 , pp. 283-296
    • Duguma, B.1    Mollet, M.2
  • 25
    • 0343576591 scopus 로고
    • 'Diagnostic Survey on Local Multipurpose Tree/Shrubs Fallow Systems, and Livestock in Southern Cameroon'
    • ICRAF Working Paper no 60. Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF
    • Duguma, B., J. Tonye and D. Depommier (1990) 'Diagnostic Survey on Local Multipurpose Tree/Shrubs Fallow Systems, and Livestock in Southern Cameroon'. ICRAF Working Paper no 60. Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF.
    • (1990)
    • Duguma, B.1    Tonye, J.2    Depommier, D.3
  • 26
    • 0027011405 scopus 로고
    • 'Resource Management by West African Farmers and the Economics of Shifting Cultivation'
    • Dvorak, K. (1992) 'Resource Management by West African Farmers and the Economics of Shifting Cultivation', American Journal of Agricultural Economics 74: 809-15.
    • (1992) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.74 , pp. 809-815
    • Dvorak, K.1
  • 27
    • 33745192667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO Forest Resources Assessment 1990. Rome: FAO
    • FAO (1996) Forest Resources Assessment 1990. Rome: FAO.
    • (1996)
  • 28
    • 0003825195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 Summary Report'
    • FAO Rome: FAO
    • FAO (2001) 'The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 Summary Report'. Rome: FAO.
    • (2001)
  • 29
    • 0000816679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Rethinking the Forest-Savanna Mosaic'
    • M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
    • Fairhead, J. and M. Leach (1996) 'Rethinking the Forest-Savanna Mosaic', in M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) The Lie of the Land, pp. 105-21. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1996) The Lie of the Land , pp. 105-121
    • Fairhead, J.1    Leach, M.2
  • 30
    • 0004199896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reframing Deforestation
    • New York: Routledge
    • Fairhead, J. and M. Leach (1998) Reframing Deforestation. New York: Routledge.
    • (1998)
    • Fairhead, J.1    Leach, M.2
  • 31
    • 0034089232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Fashioned Forest Pasts, Occluded Histories?'
    • Fairhead, J. and M. Leach (2000) 'Fashioned Forest Pasts, Occluded Histories?', Development and Change 31 (1): 35-59.
    • Development and Change , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-59
    • Fairhead, J.1    Leach, M.2
  • 32
    • 0034041512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Effects of Slash Burning on Ecosystem Nutrients During the Land Preparation Phase of Shifting Cultivation'
    • Giardina, C. P., R. L. Sanford Jr., I. C. Dockersmith and V. J. Jamarillo (2000) 'The Effects of Slash Burning on Ecosystem Nutrients During the Land Preparation Phase of Shifting Cultivation', Plant and Soil 220: 247-60.
    • (2000) Plant and Soil , vol.220 , pp. 247-260
    • Giardina, C.P.1    Sanford Jr., R.L.2    Dockersmith, I.C.3    Jamarillo, V.J.4
  • 33
    • 0028992897 scopus 로고
    • 'A Dynamic Spatial Model of Shifting Cultivation in the Highlands of Guinea, West Africa'
    • Gilruth, P.T., S. Marsh and R. Itami (1995) 'A Dynamic Spatial Model of Shifting Cultivation in the Highlands of Guinea, West Africa', Ecological Modelling 79: 179-97.
    • (1995) Ecological Modelling , vol.79 , pp. 179-197
    • Gilruth, P.T.1    Marsh, S.2    Itami, R.3
  • 34
    • 0030561850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Length of the Fallow Period in Tropical Fallow Farming Systems: A Discussion with Evidence from Sierra Leone'
    • Gleave, M. (1996) 'The Length of the Fallow Period in Tropical Fallow Farming Systems: A Discussion with Evidence from Sierra Leone', The Geographical Journal 162 (1): 14-23.
    • (1996) The Geographical Journal , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-23
    • Gleave, M.1
  • 35
    • 0009328658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and Diagnosis of Farming Systems in the ASB Forest Margins Benchmark of Southern Cameroon
    • Yaoundé, Cameroon: International Institute of Tropical Africa
    • Gockowski, J., J. Tonye, D. Baker, S. Weise, M. Ndoumbe, T. Tiki-Manga and A. Fouaguegue (1998) Characterization and Diagnosis of Farming Systems in the ASB Forest Margins Benchmark of Southern Cameroon. Yaoundé, Cameroon: International Institute of Tropical Africa.
    • (1998)
    • Gockowski, J.1    Tonye, J.2    Baker, D.3    Weise, S.4    Ndoumbe, M.5    Tiki-Manga, T.6    Fouaguegue, A.7
  • 36
    • 11644267540 scopus 로고
    • 'Tropical Deforestation and Maya Silviculture: An Ecological Paradox'
    • Gómez-Pompa, A. (1987) 'Tropical Deforestation and Maya Silviculture: An Ecological Paradox', Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 16 (1): 19-37.
    • (1987) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-37
    • Gómez-Pompa, A.1
  • 37
    • 0030886037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Representing Crisis: The Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation and the Project of Development in Post-Rana Nepal'
    • Guthman, J. (1997) 'Representing Crisis: The Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation and the Project of Development in Post-Rana Nepal', Development and Change 28 (1): 45-69.
    • (1997) Development and Change , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-69
    • Guthman, J.1
  • 39
    • 0030153572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Development Pathways toward Sustainable Systems following Slash-and-Burn'
    • Harwood, R. (1996) 'Development Pathways toward Sustainable Systems following Slash-and-Burn', Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 58: 75-86.
    • (1996) Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment , vol.58 , pp. 75-86
    • Harwood, R.1
  • 40
    • 0036035486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Volunteer Biomass Production between Multipurpose Tree Hedgerows after Two Years of Fallow in Southern Cameroon'
    • Hauser, S. (2002) 'Volunteer Biomass Production between Multipurpose Tree Hedgerows after Two Years of Fallow in Southern Cameroon', Agroforestry Systems 55: 139-47.
    • (2002) Agroforestry Systems , vol.55 , pp. 139-147
    • Hauser, S.1
  • 41
    • 84957766086 scopus 로고
    • 'Of Fates, Forests and Futures: Myths, Epistemes, and Policy in Tropical Conservation'
    • Horace M. Albright Conservation Leadership 32. Lecture Series of University of California Center for Forestry. Available online:
    • Hecht, S. (1993) 'Of Fates, Forests and Futures: Myths, Epistemes, and Policy in Tropical Conservation'. Horace M. Albright Conservation Leadership 32. Lecture Series of University of California Center for Forestry. Available online: http://www.forestry.berkeley.edu/lectures/ albright/1993hecht
    • (1993)
    • Hecht, S.1
  • 42
    • 0026287097 scopus 로고
    • 'Desertification: Time for an Assessment?'
    • Helldén, U. (1991) 'Desertification: Time for an Assessment?', Ambio 20 (8): 372-83.
    • (1991) Ambio , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 372-383
    • Helldén, U.1
  • 43
    • 3142723755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Economics of Shifting Cultivation and Deforestation in Cameroon'
    • PhD Dissertation, University of California, Riverside
    • Ickowitz, A. (2004) 'The Economics of Shifting Cultivation and Deforestation in Cameroon' PhD Dissertation, University of California, Riverside.
    • (2004)
    • Ickowitz, A.1
  • 44
    • 26844447626 scopus 로고
    • 'Utilisation du sol et potential agroforestier dans le systeme Cacaoyer et cultures vivrières du plateau Sud Camerounais: Cas de la Lekiè et du Dja et Lobo'
    • International Center for Research in Agroforstry (ICRAF) AFRENA Report No 17. Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF
    • International Center for Research in Agroforstry (ICRAF) (1988) 'Utilisation du sol et potential agroforestier dans le systeme Cacaoyer et cultures vivrières du plateau Sud Camerounais: Cas de la Lekièet du Dja et Lobo'. AFRENA Report No 17. Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF.
    • (1988)
  • 47
    • 0012591812 scopus 로고
    • The Rape of the Earth: A World Survey of Soil Erosion
    • London: Faber and Faber
    • Jacks, G. V. and R. O. Whyte (1939)The Rape of the Earth: A World Survey of Soil Erosion. London: Faber and Faber.
    • (1939)
    • Jacks, G.V.1    Whyte, R.O.2
  • 48
    • 0003731227 scopus 로고
    • Tropical Deforestation: A Socio-Economic Approach
    • London: Earthscan
    • Jepma, C. J. (1995) Tropical Deforestation: A Socio-Economic Approach. London: Earthscan.
    • (1995)
    • Jepma, C.J.1
  • 49
    • 0028996026 scopus 로고
    • 'Changes in Soil Properties during Long-term Fallow and Continuous Cultivation after Forest Clearing in Nigeria'
    • Juo, A., K. Franzluebbers, A. Dabiri and B. Ikhile (1995) 'Changes in Soil Properties during Long-term Fallow and Continuous Cultivation after Forest Clearing in Nigeria', Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 56: 9-18.
    • (1995) Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment , vol.56 , pp. 9-18
    • Juo, A.1    Franzluebbers, K.2    Dabiri, A.3    Ikhile, B.4
  • 50
    • 0030175838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Chemical Dynamics in Slash-and-Burn Agriculture'
    • Juo, A. and A. Manu (1996) 'Chemical Dynamics in Slash-and-Burn Agriculture', Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 58: 49-60.
    • (1996) Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , vol.58 , pp. 49-60
    • Juo, A.1    Manu, A.2
  • 51
    • 0037047604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Satellites Spy More Forest than Expected'
    • Kaiser, J. (2002) 'Satellites Spy More Forest than Expected', Science 297: 919.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 919
    • Kaiser, J.1
  • 52
    • 34250119816 scopus 로고
    • 'Alley Cropping Sequentially Cropped Maize and Cowpea with Leucena on a Sandy Soil in Southern Nigeria'
    • Kang, B. T., H. Grimme and T. L. Lawson (1985) 'Alley Cropping Sequentially Cropped Maize and Cowpea with Leucena on a Sandy Soil in Southern Nigeria', Plant and Soil 85: 267-77.
    • (1985) Plant and Soil , vol.85 , pp. 267-277
    • Kang, B.T.1    Grimme, H.2    Lawson, T.L.3
  • 53
    • 0036255944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'From Alley Cropping to Rotational Fallow: Farmers' Involvement in the Development of Fallow Management Techniques in the Humid Forest Zone in Cameroon'
    • Kanmegne, J. and A. Degrande (2002) 'From Alley Cropping to Rotational Fallow: Farmers' Involvement in the Development of Fallow Management Techniques in the Humid Forest Zone in Cameroon', Agroforestry Systems 54: 115-20.
    • (2002) Agroforestry Systems , vol.54 , pp. 115-120
    • Kanmegne, J.1    Degrande, A.2
  • 55
    • 0030656249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Carbon Dynamics in Slash-and-Burn Agriculture and Land Use Alternatives of the Humid Forest Zone in Cameroon'
    • Kotto-Same, J., P. Woomer, M. Appolinaire and Z. Louis (1997) 'Carbon Dynamics in Slash-and-Burn Agriculture and Land Use Alternatives of the Humid Forest Zone in Cameroon', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 65: 245-56.
    • (1997) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.65 , pp. 245-256
    • Kotto-Same, J.1    Woomer, P.2    Appolinaire, M.3    Louis, Z.4
  • 56
    • 0034503027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Deforestation, Erosion, and Fire: Degradation Myths in the Environmental History of Madagascar'
    • Kull, C. (2000) 'Deforestation, Erosion, and Fire: Degradation Myths in the Environmental History of Madagascar', Environment and History 6: 423-50.
    • (2000) Environment and History , vol.6 , pp. 423-450
    • Kull, C.1
  • 58
    • 0032450611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A New Land Cover Map of Central Africa Derived from Multi-resolution, Multi-temporal AVHRR Data'
    • Laporte, N., S. J. Goetz, C. O. Justice and M. Heinecke (1998) 'A New Land Cover Map of Central Africa Derived from Multi-resolution, Multi-temporal AVHRR Data', International Journal of Remote Sensing 18: 3537-50.
    • (1998) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.18 , pp. 3537-3550
    • Laporte, N.1    Goetz, S.J.2    Justice, C.O.3    Heinecke, M.4
  • 60
    • 0004242285 scopus 로고
    • Carte phytogéographique du Cameroun
    • Toulouse, France: Institut de la carte internationale de la vegetation
    • Letouzey, R. (1985)Carte phytogéographique du Cameroun. Toulouse, France: Institut de la carte internationale de la vegetation.
    • (1985)
    • Letouzey, R.1
  • 61
    • 33745203790 scopus 로고
    • 'Characteristics of Some Soils of the Belgian Congo'
    • Technical Communication 46. Comm. Bureau Soil Science:
    • Livens, P. J. (1949) 'Characteristics of Some Soils of the Belgian Congo', Technical Communication 46. Comm. Bureau Soil Science: 29-35.
    • (1949) , pp. 29-35
    • Livens, P.J.1
  • 62
    • 33745217898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on the Populations of the Kasai, Lukenie, and Lake Leopold II Basins
    • New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files
    • Maes, J. (1960) Notes on the Populations of the Kasai, Lukenie, and Lake Leopold II Basins. New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files.
    • (1996)
    • Maes, J.1
  • 63
    • 0942284051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Impact of Arid Phases on the African Rain Forest through Geological History'
    • W. Weber, L. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds) New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Maley, J. (2001) 'The Impact of Arid Phases on the African Rain Forest through Geological History', in W. Weber, L. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds) African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, pp. 69-87. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (2001) African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective , pp. 69-87
    • Maley, J.1
  • 64
    • 0030222743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Variability of Soil Properties in a Tropical Alfisol Used for Shifting Cultivation'
    • Mapa, R. and D. Kumaragamage (1996) 'Variability of Soil Properties in a Tropical Alfisol Used for Shifting Cultivation', Soil Technology 9: 187-97.
    • (1996) Soil Technology , vol.9 , pp. 187-197
    • Mapa, R.1    Kumaragamage, D.2
  • 65
    • 0031441777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Plow and the Forest: Narratives of Deforestation in Ethiopia 1840-1992'
    • McCann, J. (1997) 'The Plow and the Forest: Narratives of Deforestation in Ethiopia 1840-1992', Environment History 2 (1): 138-59.
    • (1997) Environment History , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-159
    • McCann, J.1
  • 66
    • 0004000809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green Land, Brown Land, Black Land: An Environmental History of Africa, 1800-1990
    • Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
    • McCann, J. (1999) Green Land, Brown Land, Black Land: An Environmental History of Africa, 1800-1990. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1999)
    • McCann, J.1
  • 68
    • 0036033422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Relationship between Length of the Fallow and Crop Yields in Shifting Cultivation: A Rethinking'
    • Mertz, O. (;2002) 'The Relationship between Length of the Fallow and Crop Yields in Shifting Cultivation: A Rethinking', Agroforestry Systems 55: 149-59.
    • (2002) Agroforestry Systems , vol.55 , pp. 149-159
    • Mertz, O.1
  • 71
    • 0004032326 scopus 로고
    • Deforestation Rates in Tropical Forests and their Climatic Implications
    • London: Friends of the Earth Trust
    • Myers, N. (1989) Deforestation Rates in Tropical Forests and their Climatic Implications. London: Friends of the Earth Trust.
    • (1989)
    • Myers, N.1
  • 72
    • 0026475689 scopus 로고
    • 'Tropical Forests: The Policy Challenge'
    • Myers, N. (1992) 'Tropical Forests: The Policy Challenge', The Environmentalist 12 (1): 15-27.
    • (1992) The Environmentalist , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-27
    • Myers, N.1
  • 73
    • 0003437872 scopus 로고
    • The Soil Under Shifting Cultivation
    • Farnham Royal, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux
    • Nye, P. and D. Greenl and (1960)The Soil Under Shifting Cultivation. Farnham Royal, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.
    • (1960)
    • Nye, P.1    Greenl, D.2
  • 74
    • 33745209749 scopus 로고
    • Deforestation History and the Ecology of Swidden Fallows in Sierra Leone
    • Boston, MA: Boston University
    • Nyerges, A. E. (1994) Deforestation History and the Ecology of Swidden Fallows in Sierra Leone. Boston, MA: Boston University.
    • (1994)
    • Nyerges, A.E.1
  • 75
    • 0036934045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Nature of Shifting Cultivation: Stories of Harmony, Degradation, and Redemption'
    • O'Brien, W. (2002) 'The Nature of Shifting Cultivation: Stories of Harmony, Degradation, and Redemption', Human Ecology 30 (4): 483-502.
    • (2002) Human Ecology , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-502
    • O'Brien, W.1
  • 76
    • 0039967564 scopus 로고
    • Les Mayombe
    • Brussels: A. de Wit
    • van Overbergh, C. (1907)Les Mayombe. Brussels: A. de Wit.
    • (1907)
    • van Overbergh, C.1
  • 78
    • 0030442036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Fruit Trees and Family Trees in an Anthropogenic Forest: Ethics of Access, Property Zones, and Environmental Change in Indonesia'
    • Peluso, N. L. (1996) 'Fruit Trees and Family Trees in an Anthropogenic Forest: Ethics of Access, Property Zones, and Environmental Change in Indonesia', Comparative Studies in Society and History 38 (3): 510-48.
    • (1996) Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 510-548
    • Peluso, N.L.1
  • 79
    • 33745224803 scopus 로고
    • 'Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Liberia'
    • Agriculture Information Bulletin 66. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture
    • Reed, W. E. (1951) 'Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Liberia'. Agriculture Information Bulletin 66. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture.
    • (1951)
    • Reed, W.E.1
  • 80
    • 0033511045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A History of Fear: Imagining Deforestation in the West African Dryland Forest'
    • Ribot, J. C. (1999) 'A History of Fear: Imagining Deforestation in the West African Dryland Forest', Global Ecology and Biogeography 8: 291-300.
    • (1999) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.8 , pp. 291-300
    • Ribot, J.C.1
  • 81
    • 0003907608 scopus 로고
    • Coping with Hunger: Hazard and Experiment in an African Rice-farming System
    • Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin
    • Richards, P. (1986) Coping with Hunger: Hazard and Experiment in an African Rice-farming System. Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin.
    • (1986)
    • Richards, P.1
  • 82
    • 0004278678 scopus 로고
    • Agroforestry in Dryland Africa
    • Nairobi: ICRAF
    • Rocheleau, D., F. Weber and A. Field-Juma (1988) Agroforestry in Dryland Africa. Nairobi: ICRAF.
    • (1988)
    • Rocheleau, D.1    Weber, F.2    Field-Juma, A.3
  • 84
    • 85069816674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Soil Fertility and the Generation Gap'
    • Carol J. Pierce Colfer and Yvonne Byron (eds) Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research
    • Russell, D. and N. Tchamou (2001) 'Soil Fertility and the Generation Gap', in Carol J. Pierce Colfer and Yvonne Byron (eds) People Managing Forests: The Link Between Human Well Being and Sustainability, pp. 229-49. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research.
    • (2001) People Managing Forests: The Link Between Human Well Being and Sustainability , pp. 229-249
    • Russell, D.1    Tchamou, N.2
  • 86
    • 0004162219 scopus 로고
    • Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics
    • New York: Wiley
    • Sanchez, P. A. (1976) Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. New York: Wiley.
    • (1976)
    • Sanchez, P.A.1
  • 87
    • 85040899244 scopus 로고
    • The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests of Africa
    • New York: Simon & Schuster
    • Sayer, J., C. Harcourt and N. M. Collins (1992) The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests of Africa. New York: Simon & Schuster.
    • (1992)
    • Sayer, J.1    Harcourt, C.2    Collins, N.M.3
  • 88
    • 0002270939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Range Management Science and Policy: Politics, Polemics, and Pasture in Southern Africa'
    • M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
    • Scoones, I. (1996) 'Range Management Science and Policy: Politics, Polemics, and Pasture in Southern Africa', in M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) The Lie of the Land, pp. 34-53. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1996) The Lie of the Land , pp. 34-53
    • Scoones, I.1
  • 89
    • 0342634276 scopus 로고
    • The Vegetation and Soils of Africa
    • New York: American Geographical Society
    • Shantz, H. and C. Marbut (1923) The Vegetation and Soils of Africa. New York: American Geographical Society.
    • (1923)
    • Shantz, H.1    Marbut, C.2
  • 90
    • 0024813279 scopus 로고
    • 'Soil Erosion in the Kingdom of Lesotho: Origins and Colonial Response, 1830s-1950s'
    • Showers, K. (1989) 'Soil Erosion in the Kingdom of Lesotho: Origins and Colonial Response, 1830s-1950s', Journal of Southern African Studies 15 (2): 263-86.
    • (1989) Journal of Southern African Studies , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-286
    • Showers, K.1
  • 93
    • 0002942406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Amazonia as Edenic Narrative'
    • W. Cronon (ed.) New York: W. W. Norton
    • Slater, C. (1996) 'Amazonia as Edenic Narrative', in W. Cronon (ed.) Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, pp. 114-31. New York: W. W. Norton.
    • (1996) Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature , pp. 114-131
    • Slater, C.1
  • 94
    • 33745186283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical Forests, International Jungle: The Underside of Global Politics
    • New York: Palgrave Macmillan
    • Smouts, M. C. (2003) Tropical Forests, International Jungle: The Underside of Global Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2003)
    • Smouts, M.C.1
  • 95
    • 0002949305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Soil Erosion: Breaking New Ground'
    • M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
    • Stocking, M. (1996) 'Soil Erosion: Breaking New Ground', in M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) The Lie of the Land, pp. 140-54. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1996) The Lie of the Land , pp. 140-154
    • Stocking, M.1
  • 97
    • 0002495048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Desertification: Narratives, Winners, and Losers'
    • M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
    • Swift, Jeremy (1996) 'Desertification: Narratives, Winners, and Losers', in M. Leach and R. Mearns (eds) The Lie of the Land, pp. 73-90. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    • (1996) The Lie of the Land , pp. 73-90
    • Swift, J.1
  • 98
    • 0033451535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Ecosystem Fertility and Fallow Function in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics'
    • Szott, L. T., C. A. Palm and R. J. Buresh (1999) 'Ecosystem Fertility and Fallow Function in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics', Agroforestry Systems 47: 163-96.
    • (1999) Agroforestry Systems , vol.47 , pp. 163-196
    • Szott, L.T.1    Palm, C.A.2    Buresh, R.J.3
  • 99
    • 0002599159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Domestication of Indigenous Agroforestry Trees: ICRAF's Strategy in the Humid Tropics of West and Central Africa'
    • Rome: FAO. Available online:
    • Tchoundjeu, Z., B. Duguma, M. Tiecheu and M. Ngo-Mpeck (1999) 'The Domestication of Indigenous Agroforestry Trees: ICRAF's Strategy in the Humid Tropics of West and Central Africa', in Current Research Issues and Prospects for Conservation and Development. Rome: FAO. Available online: http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/ X2161E/X2161E00.htm
    • (1999) Current Research Issues and Prospects for Conservation and Development
    • Tchoundjeu, Z.1    Duguma, B.2    Tiecheu, M.3    Ngo-Mpeck, M.4
  • 100
    • 0028579583 scopus 로고
    • 'Policies to Reduce Tropical Deforestation and Degradation: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Cameroon'
    • Thiele, R. and M. Wiebelt (1994) 'Policies to Reduce Tropical Deforestation and Degradation: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Cameroon', Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 33: 162-78.
    • (1994) Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture , vol.33 , pp. 162-178
    • Thiele, R.1    Wiebelt, M.2
  • 101
    • 0003447723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Diversity and Dynamics of Shifting Cultivation: Myths, Realities, and Policy Implications
    • Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
    • Thrupp, L. A., S. Hecht and J. Browder (1997) The Diversity and Dynamics of Shifting Cultivation: Myths, Realities, and Policy Implications. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
    • (1997)
    • Thrupp, L.A.1    Hecht, S.2    Browder, J.3
  • 102
    • 0004074208 scopus 로고
    • More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya
    • New York: J. Wiley
    • Tiffen, M., M. Mortimore and F. Gichuki (1994) More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya. New York: J. Wiley.
    • (1994)
    • Tiffen, M.1    Mortimore, M.2    Gichuki, F.3
  • 104
    • 0003789576 scopus 로고
    • West African Forests and Forestry
    • London: T. Fisher Unwin
    • Unwin, H. (1920) West African Forests and Forestry. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
    • (1920)
    • Unwin, H.1
  • 105
    • 33745192348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n.d.) 'Data from Field Notes 1953-56' (mimeo)
    • Vansina, J. (n.d.) 'Data from Field Notes, 1953-56' (mimeo)
    • Vansina, J.1
  • 106
    • 33745205393 scopus 로고
    • 'Is the Lack of Fertility of Tropical African Soils Exaggerated?'
    • Vine, H. (1954) 'Is the Lack of Fertility of Tropical African Soils Exaggerated?', Proceedings of the 2nd Inter-African Soils Conference 1: 389-412.
    • (1954) Proceedings of the 2nd Inter-African Soils Conference , vol.1 , pp. 389-412
    • Vine, H.1
  • 107
    • 0037284894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Assessment of Certain Soil Properties Related to Different Land-Use Systems in the Kaya Watershed of the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon'
    • Voundi Nkana, J. C. and J. Tonye (2003) 'Assessment of Certain Soil Properties Related to Different Land-Use Systems in the Kaya Watershed of the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon', Land Degradation and Development 14: 57-67.
    • (2003) Land Degradation and Development , vol.14 , pp. 57-67
    • Voundi Nkana, J.C.1    Tonye, J.2
  • 108
    • 2142805274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Soil Conservation and Land-use in Sierra Leone'
    • Sessional Paper No 1. Freetown: Government Printer
    • Waldock, E. A., E. Capstick and A. Browning (1951) 'Soil Conservation and Land-use in Sierra Leone'. Sessional Paper No 1. Freetown: Government Printer.
    • Waldock, E.A.1    Capstick, E.2    Browning, A.3
  • 109
    • 1942454097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The African Rain Forest: Climate and Vegetation'
    • W. Weber, L. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds) New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • White, L. J. T. (2001) 'The African Rain Forest: Climate and Vegetation', in W. Weber, L. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds) African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, pp. 3 -29. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (2001) African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective , pp. 3-29
    • White, L.J.T.1
  • 110
    • 0024195682 scopus 로고
    • 'A Spatial Model of Land Use and Forest Regeneration in the Ituri Forest of Northeastern Zaire'
    • Wilkie, D. S. and J. T. Finn (1988) 'A Spatial Model of Land Use and Forest Regeneration in the Ituri Forest of Northeastern Zaire', Ecological Modeling 41: 307-23.
    • (1988) Ecological Modeling , vol.41 , pp. 307-323
    • Wilkie, D.S.1    Finn, J.T.2
  • 111
    • 31744438178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Forest Area and Deforestation in Central Africa: Current Knowledge and Future Decisions'
    • W. Weber, L. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds) New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Wilkie, D. and N. Laporte (2001) 'Forest Area and Deforestation in Central Africa: Current Knowledge and Future Decisions', in W. Weber, L. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds) African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, pp. 119 -38. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (2001) African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective , pp. 119-138
    • Wilkie, D.1    Laporte, N.2
  • 112
    • 0345958736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press
    • Williams, M. (2003) Deforesting the Earth. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
    • (2003) Deforesting the Earth
    • Williams, M.1
  • 113
    • 0242646804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • '2003 World Development Indicators'
    • World Bank (CD-ROM). Washington, DC: The World Bank
    • World Bank (2003) '2003 World Development Indicators' (CD-ROM). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
    • (2003)
  • 114
    • 0005875857 scopus 로고
    • World Resources Institute Washington, DC: WRI
    • World Resources Institute (1991) World Resources 1990-91. Washington, DC: WRI.
    • (1991) World Resources 1990-91
  • 115
    • 33745200582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Resources Institute Washington, DC: WRI
    • World Resources Institute (2001) World Resources 2001. Washington, DC: WRI.
    • (2001) World Resources 2001


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.