Mineral zoning and gold occurrence in the Fortuna skarn mine, Nambija district, Ecuador

Mineralium Deposita

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 301-321

  Markowski, Agnès ^a,b   Vallance, Jean ^a   Chiaradia, Massimo ^a   Fontboté, Lluìs ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Endoskarn; Fortuna mine; Gold; Nambija district; Skarn; Zonation

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITION; FLUID INCLUSION; GOLD; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MASSIVE SULFIDE; MINERAL DEPOSIT; MINING; ORE BODY; OXIDATION; SKARN; ZONATION;

ECUADOR; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 33745183317     PISSN: 00264598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00126-006-0062-x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Allen J, Aslund T (1998) The Wabu gold skarn, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: The Gangue, newsletter of the mineral deposit division. Geol Assoc Can 59:9-11
2. Bakker RJ, Brown PE (2003) Computer modeling in fluid inclusion research. In: Ian Samson, Alan Anderson, Dan Marshall (eds) Fluid inclusion analysis and interpretation. Min Assoc Can Short Course Series 32:175-212
3. 2O-NaCl fluid inclusions. In: De Vivo B, Frezzotti ML (eds) Fluid inclusions in minerals, methods and applications. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, pp 117-130
4. Brooks JW (1994) Petrology and geochemistry of the McCoy gold skarn, Lander County, Nevada. Ph.D. thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, p 607
5. Brooks JW, Meinert LD, Kuyper BA, Lane ML (1991) Petrology and geochemistry of the McCoy gold skarn, Lander County, NV. In: Raines GL, Lisle RE, Schafer RW, Wilkinson WH (eds) Geology and ore deposits of the great basin. Geological Society Nevada, Reno, pp 419-442
6. Burt DM (1977) Mineralogy and petrology of skarn deposits. Soc It Min Pet Rend 33:859-873
7. Cathelineau M (1988) Cation site occupancy in chlorites and illites as a function of temperature. Clay Miner 23:471-485
8. Cathelineau M, Nieva D (1985) A chlorite solid solution geothermometer. The Los Azufres geothermal system (Mexico). Cont Miner Pet 91:235-244
9. de Caritat P, Hutcheon I, Walshe JL (1993) Chlorite geothermometry: A review. Clays clay miner 23:219-239
10. Doebrich JL, Theodore TG (1996) Geologic history of the Battle Mountain mining district, Nevada, and regional controls on the distribution of mineral systems. In: Coyner AR, Fahey PL (eds) Geology and ore deposits of the American Cordillera. Geological Society Nevada, Reno, pp 453-483
11. Doebrich JL, Wotruba PR, Theodore TG, McGibbon DH, Felder RP (1996) Field trip guidebook for Trip H - geology and ore deposits of the Battle Mountain mining district. In: Green SM, Struhsacker E (eds) Field trip guidebook compendium. Geological Society Nevada, Reno, pp 327-388
12. Einaudi MT, Meinert LD, Newberry RJ (1981) Skarn deposits. Econ Geol 75:317-391
13. Feininger T (1987) Allochthonous terranes in the Andes of Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Can J Earth Sci 24:266-278
14. Fontboté L, Vallance J, Markowski A, Chiaradia M (2004) Oxidized gold skarns in the Nambija District, Ecuador. In: Perrello J, Sillitoe R, Vidal C (eds) Andean metallogenesis. SEG Special Publication 11:341-357
15. Gammons CH, Williams-Jones AE (1997) Chemical mobility of gold in the porphyry-epithermal environment. Econ Geol 92:45-59
16. Gendall IR, Quevedo LA, Sillitoe RH, Spencer RM, Puente CO, Leon JP, Povedo RR (2000) Discovery of a Jurassic porphyry copper belt, Pangui area, southern Ecuador. SEG Newsletter 43(1):8-15
17. Gustafson LB, Hunt JP (1975) The porphyry copper deposit at El Salvador, Chile. Econ Geol 70:856-912
18. Hammarstrom JM (1992) Mineralogy and chemistry of gold-associated skarn from Nambija, Zamora Province, Ecuador: A reconnaissance study. Adv US Int Min Res USGS 107-118
19. Hughes RA, Pilatasig LF (2002) Cretaceous and Tertiary terrane accretion in the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes of Ecuador. Tectonophysics 345:29-48
20. Jaillard E, Benitez S, Mascle GH (1997) Les déformations paléogènes de la zone d'avant-arc sud équatorienne en relation avec l'évolution géodynamique. Bull Soc Geol Fr 168:403-412
21. Jowett EC (1991) Fitting iron and magnesium into the hydrothermal chlorite geothermometer. GAC/MAC/SEG Joint Annual Meeting (Toronto). Program with Abstracts 16, p 62
22. Kranidiotis P, MacLean WH (1987) Systematics of chlorite alteration and the Phelps Dodge massive sulfide deposit. Matagami, Quebec. Econ Geol 82:1898-1992
23. Litherland M, Fortey NJ, Beddoe-Stephens B (1992) Newly discovered Jurassic skarn fields in the Ecuadorian Andes. J South Am Earth Sci 6:67-75
24. Litherland M, Aspden JA, Jemielita RA (1994) The metamorphic belts of Ecuador. BGS, Overseas Memoir 11, Keyworth UK, p 147
25. Markowski A (2003) The gold skarn of Fortuna, (Nambija District, Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador). Ms thesis, University of Geneva, 184 p. Also accessible on line under http://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/mineral/
26. McKelvey GE, Hammarstrom JM (1991) A reconnaissance study of gold mineralization associated with garnet skarn at Nambija, Zamora Province, Ecuador. In: Good EJ, Slack JF, Kotra RK (eds) USGS research on mineral resources - 1991, program and abstracts. US Geol Surv Circ, vol 1062, p 55
27. Meinert LD (1989) Gold skarn deposits - geology and exploration criteria. In: Groves DI, Keays R, Ramsay R (eds) Proceedings of Gold '88, Economic Geology Monographs, vol 6. pp 537-552
28. Meinert LD (1992) Skarns and skarn deposits. Geosci Can 19:145-162
29. Meinert LD (1993) Igneous petrogenesis and skarn deposits. In: Kirkham RV, Sinclair WD, Thorpe RI, Duke JM (eds) Geol Assoc Can Special paper 40:569-583
30. Meinert LD (1997) Application of skarn deposit zonation models to mineral exploration. Explor Min Geol 6:185-208
31. Meinert LD (1998) A review of skarns that contain gold. In: Lentz DR (ed) Mineralized porphyry/skarn systems. Min Assoc Can Short Course Series, 26:359-414
32. Meinert LD (2000) Gold in skarns related to epizonal intrusions. In Hagemann SG, Brown PE (eds) Gold in 2000. Rev Econ Geol 13:347-375
33. Meinert, LD, Dipple, GM, and Nicolescu, S (2005) World Skarn Deposits: in Hedenquist, JW, Thompson, JFH, Goldfarb, RJ, and Richards, JP (eds) Economic geology 100th anniversary volume, society of economic geologists, Littleton, Colorado, USA, includes supplementary appendices on CD-ROM (filename: Meinert), pp 299-336
34. Mining Magazine (1990) Campanilla gold mine. Min Mag 163:322-323
35. Myers GL (1994) Geology of the Copper Canyon-Fortitude skarn system, Battle Mountain, Nevada. Ph.D. thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, p 356
36. Nakano T (1998) Pyroxene geochemistry as an indicator for skarn metallogenesis in Japan. In: Lentz DR (ed) Mineralized porphyry/skarn systems. Mineral Assoc Can Short Course Series 26:147-167
37. Newberry RJ, Allegro GL, Cutler SE, Hagen-Leveille JH, Adams DD, Nicholson LC, Weglarz TB, Bakke AA, Clautice KH, Coulter GA, Ford MJ, Myers GL, Szumigala DJ (1997) Skarn deposits of Alaska. In: Goldfarb RJ (ed) Ore Deposits of Alaska. Econ Geol Monogr 9:355-395
38. Paladines A, Rosero G (1996) Zonificación mineralogénica del Ecuador: Ed. Laser, Quito, p 146
39. Pearce JA, Harris NBW, Tindle AG (1984) Trace element discrimination for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Petrol 25:956-983
40. Prodeminca (2000) Depósitos porf̃dicos y epi-mesotermales relacionados con intrusiones de la Cordillera del Cóndor: Evaluacion de distritos mineros del Ecuador: UCP Prodeminca Proyecto MEM BIRF 36-55 EC 5
41. Ray GE, Dawson GL, Webster ICL (1996) The stratigraphy of the Nicola Group in the Hedley district, British Columbia and the chemistry of its intrusions and Au skarns. Can J Earth Sci 33:1105-1126
42. Shepherd TJ (1981) Temperature programmable heating-freezing stage for microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions. Econ Geol 76:1244-1247
43. Skirrow RG, Walshe JL (2002) Reduced and oxidised Au-Cu-Bi iron-oxide deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia; an integrated geologic and chemical model. Econ Geol 76:1167-1202
44. Sterner SM, Bodnar RJ (1984) Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. I. Compositional types synthesized and applications to experimental geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:2659-2668
45. 2O under vapor-saturated conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:989-1006
46. Vallance J, Markowski A, Fontboté L, Chiaradia M (2003) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion constraints on the genesis of gold-skarn deposits in the Nambija district (Ecuador). In: Eliopoulos D et al (eds) Proc. of Seventh Biennal SGA Meeting, Mineral exploration and sustainable development, Millipress, Athens Greece, pp 399-402
47. Winchester JA, Floyd PA (1976) Geochemical magma type discrimination: application to altered and metamorphosed basic igneous rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 28:459-469
48. Zharikov VA (1970) Skarns. Int Geol Rev 12:541-559, 619-647, 760-775