Fluid evolution and thermal structure in the rapidly exhuming gneiss complex of Namche Barwa-Gyala Peri, eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Journal of Metamorphic Geology

Volumn 23, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 829-845

  Craw, Dave ^a   Koons, P O ^b   Zeitler, P K ^c   Kidd, W S F ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

^c LEHIGH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Brine; Fluid inclusions; Himalaya; Hydrothermal; Tectonics; Thermal modelling; Uplift

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBOLITE FACIES; EXHUMATION; FLUID INCLUSION; GNEISS; GRANULITE FACIES; TECTONIC SETTING; THERMAL STRUCTURE;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; HIMALAYAS; NAMJAGBARWA FENG; XIZANG;

EID: 33745180510     PISSN: 02634929     EISSN: 15251314     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00612.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Anderson, A. J. & Mayanovic, R. A., 2003. Electron, nuclear, and X-ray probe microanalysis of fluid inclusions. In: Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation (eds Samson, I., Anderson, A. & Marshall, D.), Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, 32, 323-351.
2. Bakker, R. J. & Brown, P. E., 2003. Computer modelling in fluid inclusion research. In: Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation (eds Samson, I., Anderson, A. & Marshall, D.), Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, 32, 175-212.
3. 2fluid inclusions by microthermometry. Geochimica et Cosmoschimica Acta, 64, 1753-1764.
4. Bhattarai, D. R., 1980. Some geothermal springs of Nepal. Tectonophysics, 62, 7-11.
5. 2O system: III. A new experimental method for determining liquid-vapor equilibria at high subcritical temperatures. American Mineralogist, 86, 1100-1111.
6. Bodnar, R. J., 2003. Introduction to aqueous electrolyte fluid inclusions. In: Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation (eds Samson, I., Anderson, A. & Marshall, D.), Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, 32, 81-100.
7. 2O. Computer and Geosciences, 15, 19-41.
8. Booth, A. L., Zeitler, P. K., Kidd, W. S. F. et al., 2004. U-Pb zircon constraints on the tectonic evolution of southeastern Tibet, Namche Barwa area. American Journal of Science, 304, 889-929.
9. Boullier, A.-M., France-Lanord, C., Dubessy, J., Adamy, J. & Champenois, M., 1991. Linked fluid and tectonic evolution in the High Himalaya mountains (Nepal). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107, 358-372.
10. Brown, P. E. & Hagemann, S. G., 1995. MacFlinCor and its application to fluids in Archean lode-gold deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 3943-3952.
11. Burg, J.-P., Davy, P., Nievergelt, P. et al., 1997. Exhumation during crustal folding in the Namche Barwa syntaxis. Terra Nova, 9, 53-56.
12. Burg, J. P., Nievergelt, P., Oberli, F. et al., 1998. The Namche-Barwa syntaxis: Evidence for exhumation related to compressional crustal folding. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 16, 239-252.
13. Chamberlain, C. P., Koons, P. O., Meltzer, A. S. et al., 2002. Overview of hydrothermal activity associated with active orogenesis and metamorphism: Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya. American Journal of Science, 302, 726-748.
14. Craw, D., 1990. Fluid evolution during uplift of the Annapurna Himal, Central Nepal. Lithos, 24, 137-150.
15. Craw, D., 1997. Fluid inclusion evidence for geothermal structure beneath the Southern Alps, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 40, 43-52.
16. Craw, D., Teagle, D. A. H. & Belocky, R., 1993. Fluid immiscibility in late-Alpine gold-bearing veins, Eastern and Northwestern European Alps. Mineralium Deposita, 28, 28-36.
17. Craw, D., Koons, P. O., Winslow, D., Chamberlain, C. P. & Zeitler, P., 1994. Boiling fluids in a region of rapid uplift, Nanga Parbat massif, Pakistan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 128, 169-182.
18. Craw, D., Chamberlain, C. P., Zeitler, P. K. & Koons, P. O., 1997. Geochemistry of a dry steam geothermal zone formed during rapid uplift of Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan. Chemical Geology, 142, 11-22.
19. Cundall, P. & Board, M., 1988. A microcomputer program for modeling of large-strain plasticity problems. In: Numerical Methods in Geomechanics (ed. Swododa, C.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, pp. 101-108. Balkemapp, Innsbruck, Austria.
20. 2O fluid inclusions. Lithos, 55, 69-99.
21. Diamond, L. W., 2003. Introduction to gas-bearing aqueous fluid inclusions. In: Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation (eds Samson, I., Anderson, A. & Marshall, D.), Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, 32, 101-158.
22. Gansser, A., 1964. Geology of the Himalayas. Wiley Interscience, London, 289 pp.
23. 40Ar in biotite: Temperature, pressure, and compositional effects. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 2461-2468.
24. Hochstein, M. P. & Regenauer-Lieb, K., 1998. Heat generation associated with collision of two plates: The Himalayan geothermal belt. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 83, 75-92.
25. Hochstein, M. P. & Yang, Z., 1995. The Himalayan Geothermal Belt (Kashmir, Tibet, West Yunnan). In: Terrestrial Heat Flow and Geothermal Energy in Asia (eds Gupta, M. L. & Yamamo, M.), pp. 331-368. Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi.
26. Hodges, K. V., Wobus, C., Ruhl, C., Schildgen, T. & Whipple, K., 2004. Quaternary deformation, river steepening, and heavy precipitation at the front of the Higher Himalayan ranges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 220, 379-389.
27. Hubbard, M. S., 1989. Thermobarometric constraints on the thermal history of the Main Central Thrust Zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 19-30.
28. ITASCA, 1997. FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions). ITASCA, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
29. 2 degassing from orogenic belts. Chemical Geology, 145, 213-232.
30. Koons, P. O., 1987. Some thermal and mechanical consequences of rapid uplift: An example from the Southern Alps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 86, 307-319.
31. Koons, P. O., Zeitler, P. K., Chamberlain, C. P., Craw, D. & Meltzer, A. S., 2002. Mechanical links between erosion and metamorphism in Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya. American Journal of Science, 302, 749-773.
32. Leeder, M. R., Smith, A. B. & Yin, J., 1988. Sedimentology, palaeoecology, and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the 1985 Lhasa to Golmud Geotraverse. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 327, 107-143.
33. Liu, Y. & Zhong, D., 1997. Petrology of high-pressure granulites from the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 15, 451-466.
34. Maaskant, P., 1986. Electron probe microanalysis of unopened fluid inclusions, a semiquantitative approach. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Monatschefte, 7, 297-304.
35. Pecher, A., 1979. Les inclusions fluids dans des quartz d'exsudation de la zone du MCT himalayen au Nepal central: Donnees sur la phase fluid dans une grande zone de cisaillement crustal. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 102, 537-554.
36. Roedder, E., 1984. Fluid Inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy 12. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, 644 pp.
37. Sachan, H. K., Sharma, R., Sahai, A. & Gururajan, N. S., 2001. Fluid events and exhumation history of the Main Central Thrust zone, Garwhal Himalaya (India). Journal of Asian Earth Science, 19, 207-221.
38. 2O inclusions using microthermometric measurements. Mineralium Deposita, 24, 43-47.
39. Simmons, S. F. & Christenson, B. W., 1994. Origins of calcite in a boiling geothermal system. American Journal of Science, 294, 361-400.
40. Singh, K. & Sharma, R., 1997. Magnesite mineralization along the Chamba Thrust, Himachal Himalaya; structural control and depositional environment using fluid inclusions. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 49, 289-296.
41. Tong, W. & Zhang, J., 1981. Characteristics of geothermal activities in Xizang Plateau and their controlling influence on Plateau's tectonic model. In: Geological and Ecological Studies of the Quinghai-Xizang Plateau, pp. 841-846. Gordon and Breach, New York.
42. 2O with application to fluid inclusions from oceanic hydrothermal systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 2451-2456.
43. Winslow, D. M., Zeitler, P. K., Chamberlain, C. P. & Hollister, L. S., 1994. Direct evidence for a steepened geotherm under conditions of rapid denudation, Pakistan Himalaya. Geology, 22, 1075-1078.
44. Yin, J., Xu, J., Liu, C. & Li, H., 1988. The Tibetan Plateau: regional stratigraphic context and previous work. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 327, 5-52.
45. Zeitler, P. K., Meltzer, A. S., Koons, P. O., et al., 2001. Erosion, Himalayan geodynamics, and the geomorphology of metamorphism. GSA Today, 11, 4-9.
46. Zhang, Y.-Q., Dai, T.-M. & Hong, A.-S., 1981. Isotopic geochronology of granitoid rocks in southern Xizang plateau. In: Proceedings, Symposium. Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, pp. 483 -495. Science Press, Beijing.
47. Zhang, Z. G., Liu, Y. H., Qang, T. W., Yang, H. X. & Xu, B. C., 1992. Geology of the Namche Barwa region. Chinese Science Press, Beijing, 185 pp.