메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-25

Implications of spatio-temporal variation in forage production and utilisation for animal productivity in extensive grazing systems

Author keywords

Animal productivity; Forage availability; Grazing models; Heterogeneity; Scale; Stocking rates; Utilisation

Indexed keywords


EID: 33745128433     PISSN: 10369872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/RJ9980003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0002822978 scopus 로고
    • The role of heterogeneity in scaling of ecological systems under analysis
    • Eds J. Kolasa, and S.T.A. Picket!, Springer-Verlag.
    • Allen, T.F.H. and Hoekstra, T.W. (1991). The role of heterogeneity in scaling of ecological systems under analysis. In: Ecological heterogeneity. (Eds J. Kolasa, and S.T.A. Picket!,) pp. 47-68. Springer-Verlag.
    • (1991) Ecological Heterogeneity. , pp. 47-68
    • Allen, T.F.H.1    Hoekstra, T.W.2
  • 2
    • 85040845541 scopus 로고
    • Interlevel relations in ecological research and management: Some working principles from hierarchy theory
    • USDA Forest Service
    • Allen, T.F.H., O'Neill, R.V. and Hoekstra, T.W. (1984). Interlevel relations in ecological research and management: Some working principles from hierarchy theory. General Technical Report RM-110, USDA Forest Service, 11pp.
    • (1984) General Technical Report , pp. 11
    • Allen, T.F.H.1    O'Neill, R.V.2    Hoekstra, T.W.3
  • 3
    • 0042609494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating stocking rate impacts in rangelands: Animals don't practice what we preach
    • Ash, A.J. and Stafford Smith, D.M. (1996). Evaluating stocking rate impacts in rangelands: Animals don't practice what we preach. Range!. J. 18(2): 216-43.
    • (1996) Range!. J. , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-243
    • Ash, A.J.1    Stafford Smith, D.M.2
  • 4
    • 84970609793 scopus 로고
    • Effects of moderate sheep stocking on plant populations of a black oak-bluebush association
    • Barker, S. and Lange, R.T. (1969). Effects of moderate sheep stocking on plant populations of a black oak-bluebush association. Aust. J. Bot. 17: 527-37.
    • (1969) Aust. J. Bot. , vol.17 , pp. 527-537
    • Barker, S.1    Lange, R.T.2
  • 5
    • 33745182650 scopus 로고
    • The effect of forage utilisation levels on sheep production in the semi-arid south-west of Queensland
    • Eds P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
    • Beale, I.F., Orr, D.M., Holmes, W.E. and Palmer, N. (1986). The effect of forage utilisation levels on sheep production in the semi-arid south-west of Queensland. In: Rangelands: a resource under siege. Proc. 2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide. (Eds P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams.) p. 30. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
    • (1986) Rangelands: a Resource under Siege. Proc. 2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide. , pp. 30
    • Beale, I.F.1    Orr, D.M.2    Holmes, W.E.3    Palmer, N.4
  • 6
    • 33745125198 scopus 로고
    • Management of grazing systems: Research proposals for the future with reference to stocking rate and rotational grazing
    • Eds P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
    • Bransby, D.I. and Tainton, N.M. ,(1986). Management of grazing systems: research proposals for the future with reference to stocking rate and rotational grazing. In: Rangelands: a resource under siege. Proc. 2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide. (Eds P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams) pp. 211-3. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
    • (1986) Rangelands: a Resource under Siege. Proc. 2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide. , pp. 211-213
    • Bransby, D.I.1    Tainton, N.M.2
  • 7
    • 0345726449 scopus 로고
    • Justification of grazing intensity experiments: Analysing and interpreting grazing data
    • Bransby, D.I., Conrad, B.E., Dicks, H.M. and Dräne, J.W. (1988). Justification of grazing intensity experiments: analysing and interpreting grazing data. J. Range Manage. 41: 274-8.
    • (1988) J. Range Manage. , vol.41 , pp. 274-278
    • Bransby, D.I.1    Conrad, B.E.2    Dicks, H.M.3    Dräne, J.W.4
  • 8
    • 0001173884 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of Sahelian pastures in relation to drought and grazing
    • Bremen, H. and Cisse, A.M. (1977). Dynamics of Sahelian pastures in relation to drought and grazing. Oecologia 28: 301-15.
    • (1977) Oecologia , vol.28 , pp. 301-315
    • Bremen, H.1    Cisse, A.M.2
  • 9
    • 0001526985 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife management and the dynamics of ungulate populations
    • Ed. T.H. Coaker Academic Press, New York.
    • Caughley, G. (1976). Wildlife management and the dynamics of ungulate populations. In: Applied biology Vol. 1. (Ed. T.H. Coaker) pp. 183-246. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1976) Applied Biology , vol.1 , pp. 183-246
    • Caughley, G.1
  • 10
    • 0020381485 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation complexity and the dynamics of modelled grazing systems
    • Caughley, G. (1982). Vegetation complexity and the dynamics of modelled grazing systems. Oecologia 54: 309-12.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.54 , pp. 309-312
    • Caughley, G.1
  • 11
    • 0026274338 scopus 로고
    • Spatial components of plant-herbivore interactions in pastoral, ranching, and native ungulate ecosystems
    • Coughenour, M.B. (1991). Spatial components of plant-herbivore interactions in pastoral, ranching, and native ungulate ecosystems. J. Range Manage. 44: 530-42.
    • (1991) J. Range Manage. , vol.44 , pp. 530-542
    • Coughenour, M.B.1
  • 13
    • 0002640860 scopus 로고
    • The concept of rangeland carrying capacity in sub-Saharan Africa - Myth or reality
    • Eds Roy H. Behnke Jr., lan Scoones and Carol Kerven Overseas Development Institute, London.
    • de Leeuw, P.N. and Tothill, J.C. (1993). The concept of rangeland carrying capacity in sub-Saharan Africa - myth or reality. In: Range ecology at disequilibrium. (Eds Roy H. Behnke Jr., lan Scoones and Carol Kerven) pp. 77-88. Overseas Development Institute, London.
    • (1993) Range Ecology at Disequilibrium. , pp. 77-88
    • De Leeuw, P.N.1    Tothill, J.C.2
  • 14
    • 0000187169 scopus 로고
    • Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: Alternate paradigms and implications for development
    • Ellis, J.E. and Swift, D.M. (1988). Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: Alternate paradigms and implications for development. J. Range Manage. 41:450-9.
    • (1988) J. Range Manage. , vol.41 , pp. 450-459
    • Ellis, J.E.1    Swift, D.M.2
  • 16
    • 84984134064 scopus 로고
    • Biomass and nutrient changes in the herbaceous layer of two central Australian mulga shrublands after unusually high rainfall
    • Friedel, M.H. (1984). Biomass and nutrient changes in the herbaceous layer of two central Australian mulga shrublands after unusually high rainfall. Aust. J. Ecol. 9: 27-38.
    • (1984) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 27-38
    • Friedel, M.H.1
  • 17
    • 0001827513 scopus 로고
    • Some key concepts for monitoring Australia's arid and semi-arid rangelands
    • Friedel, M.H. (1990). Some key concepts for monitoring Australia's arid and semi-arid rangelands. Aust. Rangel. J. 12(1): 21-4.
    • (1990) Aust. Rangel. J. , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-24
    • Friedel, M.H.1
  • 18
    • 0010292709 scopus 로고
    • How spatial and temporal scale affect the perception of change in rangelands
    • Friedel, M.H. (1994). How spatial and temporal scale affect the perception of change in rangelands. Rangel. J. 16: 16-25.
    • (1994) Rangel. J. , vol.16 , pp. 16-25
    • Friedel, M.H.1
  • 21
    • 0004114683 scopus 로고
    • Stocking rate theory and its application to grazing on rangelands
    • Denver, Colorado
    • Hart, R.H. (1978). Stocking rate theory and its application to grazing on rangelands. In: Proc. 1st International Rangeland Congress, Denver, Colorado, pp. 547-50.
    • (1978) Proc. 1st International Rangeland Congress , pp. 547-550
    • Hart, R.H.1
  • 22
    • 0141985131 scopus 로고
    • Optimal stocking rate of cow-calf enterprises on native range and complementary improved pastures
    • Hart, R.H., Waggoner, J.W., Dünn, T.G., Kaltenbach, C.C. and Adams, L.D. (1988a). Optimal stocking rate of cow-calf enterprises on native range and complementary improved pastures. J. Range Manage. 41:435-41.
    • (1988) J. Range Manage. , vol.41 , pp. 435-441
    • Hart, R.H.1    Waggoner, J.W.2    Dünn, T.G.3    Kaltenbach, C.C.4    Adams, L.D.5
  • 23
    • 0001599704 scopus 로고
    • Cattle, vegetation, and economic responses to grazing systems and grazing pressures
    • Hart, R.H., Samuel, M.J., Test, P.S. and Smith, M.A. (19886). Cattle, vegetation, and economic responses to grazing systems and grazing pressures. J. Range Manage. 41: 282-6.
    • (1986) J. Range Manage. , vol.41 , pp. 282-286
    • Hart, R.H.1    Samuel, M.J.2    Test, P.S.3    Smith, M.A.4
  • 24
    • 84971032613 scopus 로고
    • The comparative yield method for estimating dry matter yield of pasture
    • Haydock, K.P. and Shaw, N.H. (1975). The comparative yield method for estimating dry matter yield of pasture. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 15: 663-70.
    • (1975) Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. , vol.15 , pp. 663-670
    • Haydock, K.P.1    Shaw, N.H.2
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0002627744 scopus 로고
    • Elements of grazing strategies for perennial grass management in rangelands
    • Ed. G.Chapman Academic Press, London.
    • Hodgkinson, K.C. (1992). Elements of grazing strategies for perennial grass management in rangelands. In: Desertified grasslands: their biology and management. (Ed. G.Chapman) pp. 77-94. Academic Press, London.
    • (1992) Desertified Grasslands: Their Biology and Management. , pp. 77-94
    • Hodgkinson, K.C.1
  • 27
    • 0347302857 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal pattern in the grazing of grasses by sheep within a semi-arid wooded landscape
    • Hodgkinson, K.C., Terpstra, J.W. and Muller, W.J. (1995). Spatial and temporal pattern in the grazing of grasses by sheep within a semi-arid wooded landscape. Rangel. J. 17: 154-65.
    • (1995) Rangel. J. , vol.17 , pp. 154-165
    • Hodgkinson, K.C.1    Terpstra, J.W.2    Muller, W.J.3
  • 28
    • 0026579951 scopus 로고
    • Playing chutes and ladders: Heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities
    • Hunter, M.D. and Price, P.W. (1992). Playing chutes and ladders: Heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology. 73: 724-32.
    • (1992) Ecology. , vol.73 , pp. 724-732
    • Hunter, M.D.1    Price, P.W.2
  • 29
    • 84971814920 scopus 로고
    • The relation between animal gain and stocking rate
    • Jones, R.J. and Sandland, R.L. (1974). The relation between animal gain and stocking rate. J. Agric. Sei. (Camb.). 83: 335-42.
    • (1974) J. Agric. Sei. (Camb.). , vol.83 , pp. 335-342
    • Jones, R.J.1    Sandland, R.L.2
  • 30
    • 0003303883 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The heterogeneity of heterogeneity:-a glossary
    • Eds J. Kolasa, and S.T.A. Pickett, Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • Kolasa, J. and Rollo, C.D. (1991). Introduction: the heterogeneity of heterogeneity:-a glossary. In: Ecological heterogeneity (Eds J. Kolasa, and S.T.A. Pickett,) pp. 1-23. Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1991) Ecological Heterogeneity , pp. 1-23
    • Kolasa, J.1    Rollo, C.D.2
  • 31
    • 0000036950 scopus 로고
    • The piosphere: Sheep track and dung patterns
    • Lange, R.T. (1969). The piosphere: sheep track and dung patterns. J. Range Manage. 22: 396-400.
    • (1969) J. Range Manage. , vol.22 , pp. 396-400
    • Lange, R.T.1
  • 32
    • 0027101175 scopus 로고
    • The problem of pattern and scale in ecology
    • Levin, S.A. (1992). The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology. 73: 1943-67.
    • (1992) Ecology. , vol.73 , pp. 1943-1967
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 33
    • 0002961127 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of beef cattle producers and scientists relating to sustainable land use issues and their implications for technology transfer
    • MacLeod, N.D., Taylor; J.A. (1994). Perceptions of beef cattle producers and scientists relating to sustainable land use issues and their implications for technology transfer. Rangel. J. 16: 238-53.
    • (1994) Rangel. J. , vol.16 , pp. 238-253
    • MacLeod, N.D.1    Taylor, J.A.2
  • 34
    • 0027047370 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the fractal geometry of landscapes and allometric herbivory
    • Milne, B.T., Turner, M.G., Wiens, J.A. and Johnson, A.R. (1992). Interactions between the fractal geometry of landscapes and allometric herbivory. Theor. Popul. Biol. 41: 337-53.
    • (1992) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 337-353
    • Milne, B.T.1    Turner, M.G.2    Wiens, J.A.3    Johnson, A.R.4
  • 35
    • 0023516450 scopus 로고
    • Ecological scale and habitat use
    • Morris, D.W. (1987). Ecological scale and habitat use. Ecology. 68: 362-9.
    • (1987) Ecology. , vol.68 , pp. 362-369
    • Morris, D.W.1
  • 36
    • 33745143401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land management and population ecology
    • Eds R.B. Floyd, A.W. Sheppard and P.J. de Barro CSIRO, Melbourne.
    • Morton, S.R. (1996). Land management and population ecology. In: Frontiers of population ecology. (Eds R.B. Floyd, A.W. Sheppard and P.J. de Barro) pp. 509-29. CSIRO, Melbourne.
    • (1996) Frontiers of Population Ecology. , pp. 509-529
    • Morton, S.R.1
  • 37
    • 0022839674 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for determining stocking rates for saline shrublands
    • Norton, B.E. (1986). Guidelines for determining stocking rates for saline shrublands. Reclam. Reveg. Res. 5:403-22.
    • (1986) Reclam. Reveg. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 403-422
    • Norton, B.E.1
  • 38
    • 77956889208 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal
    • Patterson, H.D. and Thompson, R. (1971). Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal. Biometrika 58: 545-54.
    • (1971) Biometrika , vol.58 , pp. 545-554
    • Patterson, H.D.1    Thompson, R.2
  • 39
    • 0026592785 scopus 로고
    • Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: Do plants have primacy?
    • Power, M.E. (1992). Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy? Ecology 73: 733-46.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 733-746
    • Power, M.E.1
  • 40
    • 0002649685 scopus 로고
    • Effect of drought and high summer rainfall on biomass and composition of grazed pastures in western New South Wales
    • Robertson, G. (1987). Effect of drought and high summer rainfall on biomass and composition of grazed pastures in western New South Wales. Aust. Rangel. J. 9: 79-85.
    • (1987) Aust. Rangel. J. , vol.9 , pp. 79-85
    • Robertson, G.1
  • 41
    • 0010316394 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between sheep production, stocking rate and rainfall on commercial sheep properties in western New South Wales
    • Roshier, D.A. and Barchia, I. (1993). Relationships between sheep production, stocking rate and rainfall on commercial sheep properties in western New South Wales. Rangel. J. 15: 79-93.
    • (1993) Rangel. J. , vol.15 , pp. 79-93
    • Roshier, D.A.1    Barchia, I.2
  • 42
    • 0031037670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A digital technique for recording of plant population data in permanent plots
    • Roshier, D.A., Lee, S.J. and Boreland, F.T. (1997). A digital technique for recording of plant population data in permanent plots. J. Range Manage. 50: 105-8.
    • (1997) J. Range Manage. , vol.50 , pp. 105-108
    • Roshier, D.A.1    Lee, S.J.2    Boreland, F.T.3
  • 43
    • 0010261493 scopus 로고
    • Estimating safe carrying capacities of extensive cattle-grazing properties within tropical, semi-arid woodlands of north-eastern Australia
    • Scanlan, J.C., McKeon, G.M., Day, K.A., Mott, J.J. and Hinton, A.W. (1994). Estimating safe carrying capacities of extensive cattle-grazing properties within tropical, semi-arid woodlands of north-eastern Australia. Rangel. J. 16: 64-76.
    • (1994) Rangel. J. , vol.16 , pp. 64-76
    • Scanlan, J.C.1    McKeon, G.M.2    Day, K.A.3    Mott, J.J.4    Hinton, A.W.5
  • 44
    • 0028571745 scopus 로고
    • Using multiple variables as indicators in grazing research and management - viewpoint
    • Scarnecchia, D.L. (1994). Using multiple variables as indicators in grazing research and management - viewpoint. J. Range Manage. 47: 107-11.
    • (1994) J. Range Manage. , vol.47 , pp. 107-111
    • Scarnecchia, D.L.1
  • 45
    • 0024914073 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical foraging models: Effects of stocking and landscape composition on simulated resource use by cattle
    • Senft, R.L. (1989). Hierarchical foraging models: effects of stocking and landscape composition on simulated resource use by cattle. Ecol. Model. 46: 283-303.
    • (1989) Ecol. Model. , vol.46 , pp. 283-303
    • Senft, R.L.1
  • 47
    • 0022251236 scopus 로고
    • The functional response of kangaroos, sheep and rabbits in an arid grazing system
    • Short, J. (1985). The functional response of kangaroos, sheep and rabbits in an arid grazing system. J. Appl. Ecol. 22: 435-47.
    • (1985) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 435-447
    • Short, J.1
  • 48
    • 0002360709 scopus 로고
    • Out of Africa, looking in: Understanding vegetation change
    • Eds Roy H. Behnke Jr., lan Scoones and Carol Kerven Overseas Development Institute, London.
    • Stafford Smith, D. and Pickup, G. (1993). Out of Africa, looking in: understanding vegetation change. In: Range ecology at disequilibrium. (Eds Roy H. Behnke Jr., lan Scoones and Carol Kerven) pp. 196-226. Overseas Development Institute, London.
    • (1993) Range Ecology at Disequilibrium. , pp. 196-226
    • Stafford Smith, D.1    Pickup, G.2
  • 49
    • 33745137603 scopus 로고
    • A simulation model of a semiarid Mediterranean grazing system
    • Tadmor, N.H., Noy-Meir, I. and Safriel, U. (1977). A simulation model of a semiarid Mediterranean grazing system. Isr. J. Bot. 26: 161-71.
    • (1977) Isr. J. Bot. , vol.26 , pp. 161-171
    • Tadmor, N.H.1    Noy-Meir, I.2    Safriel, U.3
  • 50
    • 0000480586 scopus 로고
    • Biological sustainability in pastoral systems: The Kwazulu case
    • Eds Roy H. Behnke Jr., lan Scoones and Carol Kerven Overseas Development Institute, London.
    • Tapson, D. (1993). Biological sustainability in pastoral systems: the Kwazulu case. In: Range ecology at disequilibrium. (Eds Roy H. Behnke Jr., lan Scoones and Carol Kerven) pp. 118-35. Overseas Development Institute, London.
    • (1993) Range Ecology at Disequilibrium. , pp. 118-135
    • Tapson, D.1
  • 52
    • 33745139987 scopus 로고
    • Individual animal performance in relation to herbage mass and stocking rate in the Natal Sour Sandveled
    • Turner, J.R. and Tainton, N.M. (1989a). Individual animal performance in relation to herbage mass and stocking rate in the Natal Sour Sandveled. J. Grossi. Soc. South. Afr. 6: 183-5.
    • (1989) J. Grossi. Soc. South. Afr. , vol.6 , pp. 183-185
    • Turner, J.R.1    Tainton, N.M.2
  • 53
    • 0012672454 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships between veld condition, herbage mass, stocking rate and animal performance in the Tall Grassland of Natal
    • Turner, J.R. and Tainton, N.M. (19896). Interrelationships between veld condition, herbage mass, stocking rate and animal performance in the Tall Grassland of Natal. J. Grossi. Soc. South. Afr. 6: 175-82.
    • (1986) J. Grossi. Soc. South. Afr. , vol.6 , pp. 175-182
    • Turner, J.R.1    Tainton, N.M.2
  • 54
    • 0024929468 scopus 로고
    • Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern
    • Turner, M.G., O'Neill, R.V., Gardner, R.H. and Milne, B.T. (1989). Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecol. 3: 153-62.
    • (1989) Landscape Ecol. , vol.3 , pp. 153-162
    • Turner, M.G.1    O'Neill, R.V.2    Gardner, R.H.3    Milne, B.T.4
  • 55
    • 0002648936 scopus 로고
    • The social context of farmers' adoption of environmentally sound farming practices
    • Eds G. Lawrence, F. Vanclay and B. Fruze MacMillan, Melborne.
    • Vanclay, F. (1992). The social context of farmers' adoption of environmentally sound farming practices. In: Agriculture, environment and society. (Eds G. Lawrence, F. Vanclay and B. Fruze) pp. 94-121. MacMillan, Melborne.
    • (1992) Agriculture, Environment and Society. , pp. 94-121
    • Vanclay, F.1
  • 56
    • 0028993197 scopus 로고
    • Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison
    • Wallace, L.L., Turner, M.G., Romme, W.H., O'Neill, R.V. and Wu, Y.G. (1995). Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison. Landscape Ecol. 10: 75-83.
    • (1995) Landscape Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 75-83
    • Wallace, L.L.1    Turner, M.G.2    Romme, W.H.3    O'Neill, R.V.4    Wu, Y.G.5
  • 57
    • 0028176199 scopus 로고
    • Foraging at different spatial scales - Dorcas gazelles foraging for lilies in the Negev Desert
    • Ward, D. and Saltz, D. (1994). Foraging at different spatial scales - dorcas gazelles foraging for lilies in the Negev Desert. Ecology. 75: 48-58.
    • (1994) Ecology. , vol.75 , pp. 48-58
    • Ward, D.1    Saltz, D.2
  • 58
    • 0024939275 scopus 로고
    • Spatial scaling in ecology
    • Wiens, J.A. (1989). Spatial scaling in ecology. Fund. Ecol. 3: 385-97.
    • (1989) Fund. Ecol. , vol.3 , pp. 385-397
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 59
    • 0022225043 scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate responses to environmental patchiness in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
    • Eds S.T.A. Pickett and P.S. White Academic Press, New York.
    • Wiens, J.A. (1985). Vertebrate responses to environmental patchiness in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. In: Natural disturbance and patch dynamics. (Eds S.T.A. Pickett and P.S. White) pp. 169-93. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1985) Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. , pp. 169-193
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 60
    • 0027446803 scopus 로고
    • Ecological mechanisms and landscape ecology
    • Wiens, J.A., Stenseth, N.C., Van Home, B. and Ims, R.A. (1993). Ecological mechanisms and landscape ecology. Oikos. 66: 369-80.
    • (1993) Oikos. , vol.66 , pp. 369-380
    • Wiens, J.A.1    Stenseth, N.C.2    Van Home, B.3    Ims, R.A.4
  • 61
    • 0011144582 scopus 로고
    • Principles of grazing management systems
    • Eds P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
    • Wilson, A.D. (1986). Principles of grazing management systems. In: Rangelands: a resource under siege. (Eds P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams) pp. 221-4. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
    • (1986) Rangelands: a Resource under Siege. , pp. 221-224
    • Wilson, A.D.1
  • 62
    • 0011270628 scopus 로고
    • Forage utilisation by sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland
    • Wilson, A.D. (1991). Forage utilisation by sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland. Rangel. J. 13: 81-90.
    • (1991) Rangel. J. , vol.13 , pp. 81-90
    • Wilson, A.D.1
  • 63
    • 0010102925 scopus 로고
    • Grazing management
    • Eds G.N. Harrington, A.D. Wilson and M.D. Young CSIRO, Melbourne.
    • Wilson, A.D., Harrington, G.N. and Beale, I.F. (1984). Grazing management. In: Management of Australia's rangelands (Eds G.N. Harrington, A.D. Wilson and M.D. Young) pp. 129-40. CSIRO, Melbourne.
    • (1984) Management of Australia's Rangelands , pp. 129-140
    • Wilson, A.D.1    Harrington, G.N.2    Beale, I.F.3
  • 64
    • 0026289942 scopus 로고
    • Overgrazing: Present or absent?
    • Wilson, A.D. and Macleod, N.D. (1991). Overgrazing: Present or absent? J. Range Manage. 44: 475-82.
    • (1991) J. Range Manage. , vol.44 , pp. 475-482
    • Wilson, A.D.1    Macleod, N.D.2
  • 65
    • 0011214969 scopus 로고
    • Concepts and factors applicable to the measurement of range condition
    • Wilson, A.D. and Tupper, G.J. (1982). Concepts and factors applicable to the measurement of range condition. J. Range Manage. 35: 684-9.
    • (1982) J. Range Manage. , vol.35 , pp. 684-689
    • Wilson, A.D.1    Tupper, G.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.