Formation of emeralds at pegmatite-ultramafic contacts based on fluid inclusions in Kianjavato emerald, Mananjary deposits, Madagascar

Mineralogical Magazine

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 141-158

  Vapnik, Ye ^a   Moroz, I ^b   Roth, M ^b   Eliezri, I ^c  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^c Colgem E1 97 Ltd ^*  (Israel)

Author keywords

Fluid inclusions; Kianjavato and Ianapera emeralds; Madagascar

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; GRANITE; GROWTH (MATERIALS); INCLUSIONS; MINERAL RESOURCES; TECTONICS;

FLUID INCLUSIONS; IANAPERA EMERALDS; KIANJAVATO EMERALDS; PEGMATITE-ULTRAMAFIC CONTACTS;

GEMS;

EMERALD; FLUID INCLUSION; METASOMATISM; PEGMATITE;

INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS; MADAGASCAR;

EID: 33745112942     PISSN: 0026461X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1180/0026461067020320     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bakker, R.J. (2003) Fluids 1. Computer program for analysis of fluid inclusion data and for modeling bulk fluid properties. Chemical Geology, 194, 3-23.
2. 2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 3191-3208.
3. Besairie, H. (1967) The Precambrian of Madagascar. Pp. 133-142 in: The Geologic Systems: The Precambrian (K. Rankama, editor). Interscience 3, New York, London and Sydney.
4. 2O-NaCl fluid inclusions. Pp. 117-130 in: Fluid Inclusions in Minerals: Methods and Applications (B. De Vivo and M.L. Frezzotti, editors). Virginia Tech., Virginia, USA.
5. 2-NaCl fluids at high pressures and temperatures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 47, 1247-1275.
6. Brenan, J. (1991) Development and maintenance of metamorphic permeability: Implication for fluid transport. Pp. 291-319 in: Contact Metamorphism (D.M. Kerrick, editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 26. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
7. Burke, E.A.J. (1994) Raman microspectrometry of fluid inclusions: The daily practice. Pp. 25-44 in: Fluid Inclusions in Minerals: Methods and Applications (B. De Vivo and M.L. Frezzotti, editors). Virginia Tech., Virginia, USA.
8. Cheilletz, A., Sabot, B., Marchand, P., De Donato, P., Taylor, B., Archibald, D., Barres, O. and Andrianjaffy, J. (2001) Emerald deposits in Madagascar: Two different types for one mineralizing event. EUG XI, Symposium OSO6, Abstracts, p. 547.
9. de Wit, M.J., Bowring, S.A., Ashwal, L.D., Randrianasolo, L.G., Morel, V.P.I. and Rambeloson, R.A. (2001) Age and tectonic evolution of Neoproterozoic ductile shear zones in Southwestern Madagascar, with implications for Gondwana studies. Tectonics, 20, 1-45.
10. 2O fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 1665-1673.
11. Fonarev, V.I., Santosh, M., Vasiukova, O.V. and Filimonov, M.B. (2003) Fluid evolution and exhumation path of the Trivandrum Granulite Block, southern India. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 145, 339-354.
12. Franz, G. and Morteani, G. (2002) Be-minerals: Synthesis, stability, and occurrence in metamorphic rocks. Pp. 551-590 in: Beryllium: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry (E.S. Grew, editor). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 50, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
13. Fuertes-Fuente, M., Martin-Izard, A., Boiron, M.C. and Viñuela, J.M. (2000) P-T path and fluid evolution in the Franqueira granitic pegmatite, central Galicia, northwestern Spain. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 1163-1175.
14. Giuliani, G., Cheilletz, A., Dubessy, J. and Rodriguez, C. T. (1993) Chemical composition of fluid inclusions in Colombian emerald deposits. Pp. 159-168 in: Proceedings of the Eighth Quadrennial IAGOD Symposium.
15. Giuliani, G., Cheilletz, A., Zimmermann, J.-L., Ribeiro-Althoff, A.M., France-Lanord, C. and Féraud, G. (1997) Les gisements d'émeraude du Brésil: genèse et typologie. Chronique de la Recherche Minière, 526, 17-61.
16. Groat, L.A., Marshall, D.D., Giuliani, G., Murphy, D.C., Piercey, S.J., Jambor, J.J., Mortensen, J.K., Ercit, T.S., Gault, R.A., Mattey, D.P., Schwarz, D., Maluski, H., Wise, M.A., Wengzynowski, W. and Eaton, D.W. (2002) Mineralogical and geochemical study of the Regal Ridge emerald showing, southeastern Yukon. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1313-1338.
17. Handke, M.J., Tucker, R.D. and Ashwal, L.D. (1999) Neoproterozoic continental arc magmatism in west-central Madagascar. Geology, 27, 351-354.
18. Hänni, H.A. and Klein, H.H. (1982) Ein smaragdvorkommen in Madagaskar. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft, 31, 71-77.
19. Kazmi, A.H. and Snee, L.W. (1989) Geology of world emerald deposits: a brief review. Pp. 165-228 in: Emeralds of Pakistan: Geology, Gemmology and Genesis (A.H. Kazmi and L.W. Snee, editors). Van Nostrand Reinhold publishers, The Netherlands.
20. Lawrence, R.D., Kazmi, A.H. and Snee, L.W. (1989) Geological setting of the emerald deposits. Pp. 13-38 in: Emeralds of Pakistan: Geology, Gemmology and Genesis (A.H. Kazmi and L.W. Snee, editors). Van Nostrand Reinhold publishes, The Netherlands.
21. Lee, Y.-J. and Morse, J.W. (1999) Calcite precipitation in synthetic veins: implications for the time and fluid volume necessary for vein filling. Chemical Geology, 156, 151-170.
22. Markl, G., Baeuerle, J. and Grujic, D. (2000) Metamorphic evolution of Pan-African granulite facies metapelites from southern Madagascar. Precambrian Research, 102, 47-68.
23. Marshall, D., Groat, L., Giuliani, G., Murphy, D., Mattey, D., Ercit, T.S., Wise, M.A., Wengzynowski, W. and Eaton, W.D. (2003) Pressure, temperature and fluid conditions during emerald precipitation, southeastern Yukon, Canada: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Chemical Geology, 193, 187-199.
24. Martelat, J.E., Nicollet, C., Lardeaux, J.M., Vidal, G. and Rarotondrazafy, R. (1997) Lithospheric tectonic structures developed under high-grade metamorphism in the southern part of Madagascar. Geodinamika Acta, 10, 94-114.
25. Moine, B., Chan Peng, C. and Mercier, A. (2004) Rôle du fluor dans la formation des gisements d'émeraude de Mananjary (Est de Madagascar). Comptes Rendus Geosciences, 336, 513-522.
26. Moroz, I., Roth, M. and Deich, V. (1999) The visible absorption spectroscopy of emeralds from different deposits. The Australian Gemmologist, 20, 315-320.
27. Moroz, I., Vapnik, Ye., Eliezri, I. and Roth, M. (2001) Mineral and fluid inclusion study of emeralds from the Lake Manyara and Sumbawanga deposits, Tanzania. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 33, 377-390.
28. Nicollet, C. (1985) The banded cordierite and garnet-bearing gneisses from Ihosy: a geothermo-barometric tracer in southern Madagascar. Precambrian Research, 28, 175-185.
29. Nwe, Y.Y. and Grundmann, G. (1990) Evolution of metamorphic fluids in shear zones: The record from the emeralds of Habachtal, Tauern Window, Austria. Lithos, 25, 281-304.
30. 2-NaCl system during emerald mineralization at Gravelotte, Murchison Greenstone Belt, Northeast Transvaal, South Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 89-103.
31. Ottaway, T.L., Wicks, F.J., Bryndzia, L.T., Kyser, T.K. and Spooner, E.T.C. (1994) Formation of the Muzo hydrothermal emerald deposit in Colombia. Nature, 369, 552-554.
32. Pili, É, Ricard, Y., Lardeaux, J.-M. and Sheppard, S.M.F. (1997) Lithospheric shear zones and mantle-crust connections. Tectonophysics, 280, 15-29.
33. Platonov, A.N., Taran, M.N. and Balitsky, V.S. (1984) Nature of Gem Colors. Nedra, Moscow, 205 pp. (in Russian).
34. Schmetzer, K. (1989) Types of water in natural and synthetic emerald. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 15-26.
35. Schwarz, D. (1994) Emeralds from the Manajary region, Madagascar: Internal features. Gems and Gemology, 30, 88-101.
36. Schwarz, D., Kanis, J. and Kinnaird, J. (1996) Emerald and green beryl from Central Nigeria. Journal of Gemmology, 25, 117-141.
37. Seal, R.R. II (1989) A reconnaissance study of the fluid inclusion geochemistry of the emerald deposits of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pp. 152-164 in: Emeralds of Pakistan: Geology, Gemology and Genesis (A.H. Kazmi and L.W. Snee, editors). Van Nostrand Reinhold publishers, The Netherlands.
38. Seifert, A.V., Žáček, V., Vrána, S., Pecina, V., Zachariás, J. and Zwaan, J.C. (2004) Emerald mineralization in the Kafubu area, Zambia. Bulletin of Geosciences, 79, 1-40.
39. Sterner, S.M. and Bodnar, R.J. (1989) Synthetic fluid inclusions VII. Re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in quartz during laboratory simulated metamorphic burial and uplift. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 243-260.
40. 2O system to 6 kb and 700°C. American Journal of Sciences, 291, 1-54.
41. Swanenberg, H.E.C. (1979) Phase equilibria in carbonic systems, and their application to freezing studies of fluid inclusions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 68, 303-306.
42. Vapnik, Ye. and Avigad, D. (2004) P-T conditions of quartz-calcite boudins and vein formation within a low-angle detachment fault in Tinos Island (Aegean Sea): a fluid-inclusion study. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 487-499.
43. Vapnik, Ye. and Moroz, I. (2000) Fluid inclusions in emerald from the Jos complex (Central Nigeria). Schweizerisch Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen, 80, 117-129.
44. Vapnik, Ye. and Moroz, I. (2001) Fluid inclusions in Panjshir emerald (Afghanistan). Pp. 451-454 in: ECROFI XVI (F. Noronha, A. Dória and A. Guedes, editors). Abstracts. Porto, Portugal.
45. Vapnik, Ye. and Moroz, I. (2002) Composition and formation conditions of fluid inclusions in emerald from Maria deposit (Mozambique). Mineralogical Magazine, 66, 201-213.
46. Vapnik, Ye., Sabot, B. and Moroz, I. (2005) Fluid inclusions in Ianapera emerald, Southern Madagascar. International Geology Review, 47, 647-662.
47. Wille, S.E. and Klemd, R. (2004) Fluid inclusion studies of the Abawso gold prospect, near the Ashanti Belt, Ghana. Mineralium Deposita, 39, 31-45.
48. Wood, D.L. and Nassau, K. (1968) The characterization of beryl and emerald by visible and infrared absorption spectroscopy. The American Mineralogist, 53, 777-800.