Hypothetical and certain inferences from conditional arguments read in texts

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 547-558

  Campion, Nicolas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

Author keywords

Causal inferences; Conditional inferences; Deductions; Hypothetical inferences; Text comprehension

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; LEARNING; LINGUISTICS; LOGIC; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REACTION TIME; READING; REPRODUCIBILITY; STUDENT; THINKING; UNIVERSITY;

ADULT; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; LANGUAGE; LEARNING; LINGUISTICS; LOGIC; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; QUESTIONNAIRES; REACTION TIME; READING; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STUDENTS; THINKING; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 33745103704     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.547     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Barrouillet, P. (1996). Transitive inferences from set-inclusions relations and working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1408-1422.
2. Barrouillet, P., & Lecas, J.-F. (1998). How can mental models theory account for content effects in conditional reasoning? A developmental perspective. Cognition, 67, 209-253.
3. Barrouillet, P., Markovits, H., & Quinn. S. (2001). Developmental and content effects in reasoning with causal conditionals. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81, 235-248.
4. Bonnefon, J. F., & Hilton, D. J. (2004). Consequential conditionals: Invited and suppressed inferences from valued outcomes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 28-37.
5. Bott, L., & Noveck, I. A. (2004). Some utterances are underinformative: The onset and time course of scalar inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, 437-457.
6. Braine, M. D. S. (1978). On the relation between the natural logic of reasoning and standard logic. Psychological Review, 75, 1-21.
7. Braine, M. D. S., & O'Brien, D. P. (1991). A theory of if: A lexical entry, reasoning program, and pragmatic principles. Psychological Review, 98, 182-203.
8. Campion, N. (2004). Predictive inferences are represented as hypothetical facts, Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 149-164.
9. Campion, N., & Rossi, J. P. (2001). Associative and causal constraints in the process of generating predictive inferences, Discourse Processes, 31, 493-527.
10. Cummins, D. D. (1995). Naive theories and causal deduction. Memory & Cognition, 23, 646-658.
11. Cummins, D. D., Lubart, T., Alksnis, O., & Rist, R. (1991). Conditional reasoning and causation. Memory & Cognition, 19, 274-282.
12. De Neys, W., Scheken, W., & D'Ydewalle, G. (2002). Causal conditional reasoning and semantic memory retrieval: A test of the semantic memory framework. Memory & Cognition, 30, 908-920.
13. Graesser, A. C., Singer, M., & Trabasso, T. (1994). Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. Psychological Review, 101, 371-395.
14. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15. Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (2002). Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference. Psychological Review, 109, 646-678.
16. Keenan, J. M., Baillet, S. D., & Brown, P. (1984). The effects of causal cohesion on comprehension and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 115-126.
17. Kintsch, W. (1988). The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model, Psychological Review, 85, 163-182.
18. Lea. R. B. (1995). On-line evidence for elaborative deductive inferences in text. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 1469-1482.
19. Lea, R. B., O'Brien, D. P., Fisch, S., Braine, M. D. S., & Noveck, I. (1990). Predicting prepositional logic inferences in text comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 361-387.
20. Linderholm, T., Virtue, S., Tzeng, Y., van den Broek, P. (2004). Fluctuations in the availability of information during reading: Capturing cognitive processes using the landscape model. Discourse Processes, 37, 165-186.
21. Markovits, H., & Quinn, S. (2002). Efficiency of retrieval correlates with logical reasoning from causal conditional premises. Memory & Cognition, 30, 696-706.
22. McKoon, G., & Ratcliff, R. (1992). Inference during reading. Psychological Review, 99, 440-466.
23. Myers, J. L., & O'Brien, E. J. (1998). Accessing the discourse representation during reading. Discourse Processes, 26, 131-157.
24. Noveck, I. A. (2001). When children are more logical than adults: A study of scalar implicature. Cognition, 78, 165-188.
25. Noveck, I. A., Chierchia, G., Chevaux, F., Guelminger, R., & Sylvestre, E. (2002). Linguistic-pragmatic factors in interpreting disjunctions. Thinking and Reasoning, 8, 297-326.
26. Politzer, G. (2005). Uncertainty and the suppression of inferences. Thinking and Reasoning, 11, 5-33.
27. Quinn, S., & Markovits, H. (1998). Conditional reasoning, causality, and the structure of semantic memory: Strength of association as a predictive factor for content effects. Cognition, 68, B93-B101.
28. Rader, A. W., & Sloutsky, V. M. (2002). Processing of logically valid and logically invalid conditional inferences in discourse comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 59-68.
29. Sanford, A. J., & Garrod, S. (1998). The role of scenario-mapping in text comprehension. Discourse Processes, 26, 159-190.
30. Singer, M., Hallordson, M., Lear, J. C., & Andrusiak, P. (1992). Validation of causal bridging inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 507-524.
31. Sohn, M.-H., Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M., & Goode, A. (2004). Differential fan effect and attentional focus. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 729-734.
32. Sperber, D., & Noveck, I. A. (2004). Introduction. In I. A. Noveck & D. Sperber (Eds.). Experimental pragmatics. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
33. Thompson, V. A. (1994). Interpretational factors in conditional reasoning, Memory & Cognition, 22, 742-758.
34. van den Broek, P. (1990). The causal inference maker: Towards a process model of inference generation in text comprehension. In D. A. Balota, G. B. Hows d'Arcais, & K. Rayner (Eds.), Comprehension processes in reading (pp. 423-445). Hillsdale, N.T: Erlbaum.
35. van den Broek, P., Young, M., Tzeng, Y., & Linderholm, T. (1999). The landscape model of reading: Inferences and the online construction of a memory representation. In H. van Oostendorp & S. R. Goldman (Eds.), The construction of mental representation during reading (pp. 71-98). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. van der Henst, J. B., Sperber, D., & Politzer, G. (2002). When is a conclusion worth deriving? A relevance-based analysis of indeterminate relational problems. Thinking and Reasoning, 8, 1-20.