메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 301-326

Changes in Nordic teaching practices: From individualised teaching to the teaching of individuals

Author keywords

Changes in teaching practices; Individualised teaching; Late modern hidden curriculum; Self regulated "own work"

Indexed keywords


EID: 33744941861     PISSN: 00313831     EISSN: 14701170     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00313830600743357     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 33744906977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yhteinen koulu: Tasa-arvoa vai tasap̈syyttä? Koulutuksellinen tasa-arvo Suomessa Snellmanista tähän päivään
    • Tampere: Vastapaino. Finnish
    • Ahonen, S. (2003) Yhteinen koulu: Tasa-arvoa vai tasapäisyyttä? Koulutuksellinen tasa-arvo Suomessa Snellmanista tähän päivään. Tampere: Vastapaino. [Equality or uniformity. Educational equality in Finland from Snellman until today; in Finnish]
    • (2003)
    • Ahonen, S.1
  • 2
    • 33744934428 scopus 로고
    • Vuosiluokkiin sitomaton opiskelu eri oppilaitosmuodoissa. Lähtökohtia ja kehitysnäkymiä
    • Finnish Helsinki: Opetushallitus. Eds
    • Apajalahti, M. and Kartovaara, E., (Eds.). (1995) Vuosiluokkiin sitomaton opiskelu eri oppilaitosmuodoissa. Lähtökohtia ja kehitysnäkymiä [Nongraded studies in different educational institutions; in Finnish]. In Kehittyvä koulutus. Helsinki: Opetushallitus. 4/95
    • (1995) Kehittyvä Koulutus , vol.4 , pp. 95
    • Apajalahti, M.1    Kartovaara, E.2
  • 3
    • 33744939406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sivistyksen suunta. Suomen Kuntaliiton sivistyspoliittinen ohjelma
    • Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. Finnish Helsinki: Author
    • Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. (2002) Sivistyksen suunta. Suomen Kuntaliiton sivistyspoliittinen ohjelma. Helsinki: Author. [Direction for education, education policy programme of ALFRA; in Finnish]
    • (2002)
  • 4
    • 33744908775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Samtaledeltakelse i norske klasserom-en studie av deltakerstrukturer og samtalebevegelser
    • Norwegian Oslo: Unipub Forlag. [Norwegian]
    • Aukrust, V. G. (2003) Samtaledeltakelse i norske klasserom-en studie av deltakerstrukturer og samtalebevegelser [Communication participation in Norwegian classrooms-a study of participatory structures and grounds of communication; in NNorwegian]. In Klasserommets praksisformer etter Reform 97. Oslo: Unipub Forlag. [Class room practices after the reform of 1997; in Norwegian]
    • (2003) Klasserommets Praksisformer Etter Reform 97 [Class Room Practices After the Reform of 1997]
    • Aukrust, V.G.1
  • 5
    • 84911200601 scopus 로고
    • Den skjulte læreplan
    • Copenhagen: Unge Pædagoger. Danish
    • Bauer, M. and Borg, K. (1976) Den skjulte læreplan. Copenhagen: Unge Pædagoger. [The hidden curriculum; in Danish]
    • (1976)
    • Bauer, M.1    Borg, K.2
  • 7
    • 0043219715 scopus 로고
    • Projektarbejde - Erfaringer og praktisk vejledning
    • Holstebro: Borgens Forlag. Danish
    • Berthelsen, J. and Illieris, K. and Poulsen, S. C. (1977) Projektarbejde - erfaringer og praktisk vejledning. Holstebro: Borgens Forlag. [Project work - experiences and practical guidance; in Danish]
    • (1977)
    • Berthelsen, J.1    Illieris, K.2    Poulsen, S.C.3
  • 8
    • 33744920767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Play terms in primary school
    • (September) Paper presented at the European Conference of Educational Research, DublinIreland
    • Bjørnestad, E. and Vatne, B. (2005, September). Play terms in primary school. Paper presented at the European Conference of Educational Research, DublinIreland. In [pp.]
    • (2005)
    • Bjørnestad, E.1    Vatne, B.2
  • 9
    • 33744940762 scopus 로고
    • Den dolda läroplanen
    • Swedish
    • Broady, D. (1980) Den dolda läroplanen [The hidden curriculum; in Swedish]. Krut, 16, pp. 4-55.
    • (1980) Krut , vol.16 , pp. 4-55
    • Broady, D.1
  • 10
    • 84960199999 scopus 로고
    • Skolklassen som socialt system-lektionsanalyser
    • Lund: Skolöverstyrelsen. Swedish
    • Callewaert, S. and Nilsson, B. A. (1980) Skolklassen som socialt system-lektionsanalyser. Lund: Skolöverstyrelsen. [The school class as a social system-lesson analysis; in Swedish]
    • (1980)
    • Callewaert, S.1    Nilsson, B.A.2
  • 11
    • 33744930067 scopus 로고
    • Från klassundervisning till eget arbete
    • Swedish
    • Carlgren, I. (1994) Från klassundervisning till eget arbete [From class teaching to "own work" in Swedish]. Praxis, 2, pp. 9-15.
    • (1994) Praxis , vol.2 , pp. 9-15
    • Carlgren, I.1
  • 12
    • 84937265658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klassrummet som social praktik och meningskonstituerande kultur
    • Swedish
    • Carlgren, I. (1997) Klassrummet som social praktik och meningskonstituerande kultur [The classroom as social practice and meaning-constituting culture; in Swedish]. Nordisk Pedagogik, 17((1)), pp. 8-27.
    • (1997) Nordisk Pedagogik , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-27
    • Carlgren, I.1
  • 13
    • 33744920025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching the art of self-regulation
    • (September) Paper presented at the European Conference of Educational Research, RhetymnonCrete
    • Carlgren, I. (2004, September). Teaching the art of self-regulation. Paper presented at the European Conference of Educational Research, RhetymnonCrete. In [pp.].
    • (2004)
    • Carlgren, I.1
  • 15
    • 0003391595 scopus 로고
    • Classrooom discourse. The language of teaching and learning
    • Portsmouth NH: Heinemann
    • Cazden, C. (1988) Classrooom discourse. The language of teaching and learning. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann.
    • (1988)
    • Cazden, C.1
  • 16
    • 33744922868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perusopetuksen opetussuunnnitemna perusteet
    • Curriculum Framework. Finnish Helsinki: Painatuskeskus
    • Curriculum Framework. (2004) Perusopetuksen opetussuunnnitemna perusteet. [Framework curriculum for the basic tuition; in Finnish]. In. Helsinki: Painatuskeskus.
    • (2004)
  • 17
    • 33744910029 scopus 로고
    • Projektarbejde - Kan man det i folkeskolen?
    • Danish (Eds.). Copenhagen: Statens Pædagogiske Forsøgscenter & Folkeskolens Forsøgsråd
    • Daniel, J. and Krogstrup, P. and Pollas, B., (Eds.). (1985) Projektarbejde - kan man det i folkeskolen?. Copenhagen: Statens Pædagogiske Forsøgscenter & Folkeskolens Forsøgsråd. [Project work - is that possible in the primary and lower secondary school?; in Danish]
    • (1985)
    • Daniel, J.1    Krogstrup, P.2    Pollas, B.3
  • 18
    • 33744909781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evalueringsrapporter fra Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut
    • in Danish Danish Evaluation Institute Retrieved January 2006, from
    • Danish Evaluation Institute (2006). Evalueringsrapporter fra Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut. [Evaluation reports from the Danish Evaluation Institute; in Danish]. Retrieved January 2006, from http://www.eva.dk
    • (2006)
  • 19
    • 33744934427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erilaiset oppijat - Yhteinen koulu
    • Finnish Different Learners - Common School Retrieved January 15, 2006, from
    • Different Learners - Common School (2004). Erilaiset oppijat - yhteinen koulu [Different learners - common school; in Finnish]. Retrieved January 15, 2006, from http://www.edu.fi/SubPage.asp?path=498,24009,24538,35413
    • (2004)
  • 20
    • 33744899271 scopus 로고
    • The social context of educational planning in Iceland
    • Edelstein, W. (1971) The social context of educational planning in Iceland. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 25, pp. 169-191.
    • (1971) Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , vol.25 , pp. 169-191
    • Edelstein, W.1
  • 21
    • 33744930293 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the social science curriculum project in Iceland, 1974-84: Reflections on reason and power in educational progress
    • Edelstein, W. (1987) The rise and fall of the social science curriculum project in Iceland, 1974-84: Reflections on reason and power in educational progress. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 19((1)), pp. 1-23.
    • (1987) Journal of Curriculum Studies , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Edelstein, W.1
  • 22
    • 33744927622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skóli í deiglu
    • Reykjavík: RKHÍ in Icelandic
    • Einarsdóttir, J. and Helgadóttir, R. (2002) Skóli í deiglu. Reykjavík: RKHÍ. [School in shaping; in Icelandic]
    • (2002)
    • Einarsdóttir, J.1    Helgadóttir, R.2
  • 23
    • 77957928704 scopus 로고
    • Utbildning som "public good" eller "private good"?
    • in Swedish Uppsala: Pedagogiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet
    • Englund, T. (1993) Utbildning som "public good" eller "private good"?. Uppsala: Pedagogiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet. [Education as public good or private good?; in Swedish]
    • (1993)
    • Englund, T.1
  • 24
    • 0003975914 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing teaching behavior
    • Reading MA: Addison & Wesley
    • Flanders, N. A. (1970) Analyzing teaching behavior. Reading MA: Addison & Wesley.
    • (1970)
    • Flanders, N.A.1
  • 25
    • 33744933127 scopus 로고
    • Elevdifferentiering - Undervisningsdifferentiering - Niveaugruppering?
    • Copenhagen: Læsepædagogen
    • Florander, J. (1972) Elevdifferentiering - undervisningsdifferentiering - niveaugruppering?. Copenhagen: Læsepædagogen. [Segregation - teaching differentiation - streaming?]
    • (1972)
    • Florander, J.1
  • 26
    • 0003823523 scopus 로고
    • Discipline and punish. The birth of the prison
    • London: Allen Lane
    • Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and punish. The birth of the prison. London: Allen Lane.
    • (1977)
    • Foucault, M.1
  • 27
    • 33744927871 scopus 로고
    • Forsøk i skolen 1971
    • Norwegian Forsøksrådet for skoleverket. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget
    • Forsøksrådet for skoleverket. (1971) Forsøk i skolen 1971. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. [Innovations in schools 1971; in Norwegian], 39-40
    • (1971) , pp. 39-40
  • 28
    • 0003914675 scopus 로고
    • A place called school. Prospects for the future
    • New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Goodlad, J. I. (1984) A place called school. Prospects for the future. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1984)
    • Goodlad, J.I.1
  • 30
    • 33744921836 scopus 로고
    • Lög um grunnskóla
    • Government of Iceland. in Icelandic Reykjavík, Iceland: Stoj́rnartíoindi. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from
    • Government of Iceland. (1995). Lög um grunnskóla [The Compulsory School Act, no. 66/1995; in Icelandic]. Reykjavík, Iceland: Stjórnartíoindi. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from http://eng.menntamalaraduneyti.is/Acts/nr/2432
    • (1995)
  • 31
    • 33744922591 scopus 로고
    • Lov av 13. juni 1969 om grunnskolen
    • Government of Norway in Norwegian Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Church and Education
    • Government of Norway. (1969) Lov av 13. juni 1969 om grunnskolen. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Church and Education. [Education Act of 13 June 1969 on primary and lower secondary school; in Norwegian]
    • (1969)
  • 32
    • 33744905517 scopus 로고
    • Lov om grunnskolen med tillæggslov av 13 juni 1975
    • Government of Norway Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Church and Education in Norwegian
    • Government of Norway. (1975) Lov om grunnskolen med tillæggslov av 13 juni 1975. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Church and Education. [Education Act of 1969 with additional act of 1975; in Norwegian]
    • (1975)
  • 33
    • 84878187463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arbetsformer och dynamik i klassrummet
    • in Swedish Stockholm: Liber. Myndigheten för skolutveckling
    • Granström, K. (2003) Arbetsformer och dynamik i klassrummet [Teaching forms and dynamics in the classroom; in Swedish]. In Kobran, nallen och majjen. Stockholm: Liber. Myndigheten för skolutveckling
    • (2003) Kobran, Nallen Och Majjen
    • Granström, K.1
  • 34
    • 84960201898 scopus 로고
    • Forskning om liv och arbete i svenska klassrum
    • Stockholm: Liber. in Swedish Skolverket
    • Granström, K. and Einarsson, C. (1995) Forskning om liv och arbete i svenska klassrum. Stockholm: Liber. [Research on life and work in Swedish classrooms; in Swedish]. Skolverket
    • (1995)
    • Granström, K.1    Einarsson, C.2
  • 35
    • 33744935978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Einstaklingsmidad) nám
    • in Icelandic Netla. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from
    • Gudjónsson, H. (2005). (Einstaklingsmidad) nám [(Individualized) learning; in Icelandic]. Netla. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from http://netla.khi.is/greinar/2005/009/index.htm
    • (2005)
    • Gudjónsson, H.1
  • 36
    • 33744909029 scopus 로고
    • Undervisningsdifferentiering i skolen - Aktuelt belyst ud fra udviklingsarbejder i 1992
    • Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriet Danish
    • Harrit, O. and Jansen, M. and Kristensen, H. J. (1993) Undervisningsdifferentiering i skolen - aktuelt belyst ud fra udviklingsarbejder i 1992. Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriet. [Teaching differentiation in the school - illustrated with existing experimental work in 1992; in Danish]
    • (1993)
    • Harrit, O.1    Jansen, M.2    Kristensen, H.J.3
  • 38
    • 33744928308 scopus 로고
    • Um opinn skóla: Fossvogsskóli
    • Reykjavík: Ministry of Education. in Icelandic
    • Helgadóttir, G. (1980) Um opinn skóla: Fossvogsskóli. Reykjavík: Ministry of Education. [On open school: Fossvogs school; in Icelandic]
    • (1980)
    • Helgadóttir, G.1
  • 39
    • 33744924681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muutosote. Akvaarioprojektin pedagogisten kehittämishankkeiden toteutustapa ja onnistuminen
    • Helsinki: University of Helsinki Department of Teacher Education. in Finnish Report 249
    • Hellström, M. J. (2004) Muutosote. Akvaarioprojektin pedagogisten kehittämishankkeiden toteutustapa ja onnistuminen. Helsinki: University of Helsinki Department of Teacher Education. [The way of change - the implementation and success of pedagogical development projects at the experimental schools of the aquarium-project 1995-1998; in Finnish]. Report 249
    • (2004)
    • Hellström, M.J.1
  • 41
    • 33744940480 scopus 로고
    • Invitation til projektarbejde - En problematiserende fremstilling
    • Copenhagen: Gyldendal. in Danish
    • Holten-Andersen, C. and Schnack, K. and Wahlgren, B. (1980) Invitation til projektarbejde-en problematiserende fremstilling. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. [Invitation to project work; in Danish]
    • (1980)
    • Holten-Andersen, C.1    Schnack, K.2    Wahlgren, B.3
  • 42
    • 33744902019 scopus 로고
    • Lærerutdanningen og arbeidet i skolen
    • in Norwegian
    • Hove, A. (1960) Lærerutdanningen og arbeidet i skolen [Teacher training and school work; in Norwegian]. Forskning og danning, 5, pp. 28.
    • (1960) Forskning Og Danning , vol.5 , pp. 28
    • Hove, A.1
  • 43
    • 0041717128 scopus 로고
    • Problemorientering og deltagerstyring - Oplæg til en alternativ didaktik
    • Copenhagen: Munksgaard. in Danish
    • Illeris, K. (1974) Problemorientering og deltagerstyring - oplæg til en alternativ didaktik. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. [Problem-orientation learning run by the participants; in Danish]
    • (1974)
    • Illeris, K.1
  • 44
    • 0004195583 scopus 로고
    • New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
    • Jackson, P. (1968) Life in classrooms. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
    • (1968) Life in Classrooms
    • Jackson, P.1
  • 45
    • 33744933387 scopus 로고
    • Folkeskolen: Visioner og konsekvenser. En faglig pædagogisk sammenfatning af de afsluttende evalueringsrapporter
    • Copenhagen: Folkeskolens Udviklingsråd. in Danish
    • Jensen, B. B. and Nielsen, M. and Steenstrup, J. E. (1992) Folkeskolen: Visioner og konsekvenser. En faglig pædagogisk sammenfatning af de afsluttende evalueringsrapporter. Copenhagen: Folkeskolens Udviklingsråd. [The folkschool: Visions and consequences, a summary of evaluation reports; in Danish]
    • (1992)
    • Jensen, B.B.1    Nielsen, M.2    Steenstrup, J.E.3
  • 46
    • 33744906466 scopus 로고
    • Menntakerfi í mótun
    • Reykjavík: Author. in Icelandic
    • Jóhannesson, I. Á. (1987) Menntakerfi í mótun. Reykjavík: Author. [Shaping of an educational system; in Icelandic]
    • (1987)
    • Jóhannesson, I.Á.1
  • 47
    • 33744912442 scopus 로고
    • Teoretiska och principiella överväganden rörande forskning om undervisningsformer och undervisningsmetoder inom den högre utbildningen
    • in Swedish Report from the Institute of Education, University of Lund, No.27
    • Kallós, D. (1971) Teoretiska och principiella överväganden rörande forskning om undervisningsformer och undervisningsmetoder inom den högre utbildningen. [Theoretical and principal considerations regarding research on teaching forms and teaching methods in higher education; in Swedish]. Report from the Institute of Education, University of Lund, No.27
    • (1971)
    • Kallós, D.1
  • 48
    • 33744917467 scopus 로고
    • Curriculum change in biology in Icelandic schools: A case study
    • University of Illinois M. A. Thesis, Urbana-Champaign
    • Kjartansson, H. (1982) Curriculum change in biology in Icelandic schools: A case study. University of Illinois. M. A. Thesis, Urbana-Champaign
    • (1982)
    • Kjartansson, H.1
  • 49
    • 33846797704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klasseromsforskning på norsk
    • Oslo: Ad Notam Forlag. in Norwegian
    • Klette, K. (1998) Klasseromsforskning på norsk. Oslo: Ad Notam Forlag. [Norwegian classroom research; in Norwegian]
    • (1998)
    • Klette, K.1
  • 50
    • 84904316285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lærerens klasseromsarbeid; Interaksjons og arbeidsformer i norskeklasserom etter Reform 97
    • Oslo: UniPub Forlag. In
    • Klette, K. (2003) Lærerens klasseromsarbeid; Interaksjons og arbeidsformer i norskeklasserom etter Reform 97 [Teachers work in the classroom; forms of interaction and work in Norwegian classrooms after the Reform of 1997]. In Klasserommets praksisformer etter Reform 97. Oslo: UniPub Forlag. In
    • (2003) Klasserommets Praksisformer Etter Reform 97
    • Klette, K.1
  • 52
    • 33744899799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistikk og frekvenser/ Klasserommets praksisformer etter Reform 97
    • Unpublished report
    • Klette, K. and Aukrust, V. G. and Hagtvet, B. E. and Hertzberg, F. (2006) Statistikk og frekvenser/ Klasserommets praksisformer etter Reform 97 [Statistics and frequencies. Classroom practices after the Reform of 1997]. Unpublished report
    • (2006)
    • Klette, K.1    Aukrust, V.G.2    Hagtvet, B.E.3    Hertzberg, F.4
  • 53
    • 33744931323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restructuring Nordic teachers: Analyses of interviews with Danish, Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian teachers
    • Oslo: University of Oslo, Institute for Educational Research. (Report No.3)
    • Klette, K. and Carlgren, I. and Rasmussen, J. and Simola, H. (2002) Restructuring Nordic teachers: Analyses of interviews with Danish, Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian teachers. Oslo: University of Oslo, Institute for Educational Research. (Report No.3)
    • (2002)
    • Klette, K.1    Carlgren, I.2    Rasmussen, J.3    Simola, H.4
  • 54
    • 33744925873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reform policy and teacher professionalism in different Nordic countries
    • Oslo: University of Oslo, Institute of Educational Research. (Report No.10)
    • Klette, K. and Carlgren, I. and Rasmussen, J. and Simola, H. and Sundqvist, M. (2000) Reform policy and teacher professionalism in different Nordic countries. Oslo: University of Oslo, Institute of Educational Research. (Report No.10)
    • (2000)
    • Klette, K.1    Carlgren, I.2    Rasmussen, J.3    Simola, H.4    Sundqvist, M.5
  • 57
    • 84960243555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kunskapsløfte lærerplan for grunnskolen
    • Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. in Norwegian
    • (2005) Kunskapsløfte lærerplan for grunnskolen. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. [Knowledge promotion. Curricula for elementary and lower secondary school; in Norwegian]
    • (2005)
  • 58
    • 4243911173 scopus 로고
    • Kielellinen vuorovaikutus opetuksessa ja oppimisessa II. Peruskoulun luokkakeskustelun määrällisiä ja laadullisia piirteitä
    • Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä Institute for Educational Research. (Research report 3)
    • Leiwo, M. and Kuusinen, J. and Nykänen, P. and Pöyhönen, M.-R. (1987) Kielellinen vuorovaikutus opetuksessa ja oppimisessa II. Peruskoulun luokkakeskustelun määrällisiä ja laadullisia piirteitä. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, Institute for Educational Research. (Research report 3)
    • (1987)
    • Leiwo, M.1    Kuusinen, J.2    Nykänen, P.3    Pöyhönen, M.-R.4
  • 59
    • 61349097246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaktion i pedagogiska sammanhang
    • Stockholm: Liber. in Swedish
    • Lindblad, S. and Sahlström, F. (2001) Interaktion i pedagogiska sammanhang. Stockholm: Liber. [Interaction in a pedagogical context; in Swedish]
    • (2001)
    • Lindblad, S.1    Sahlström, F.2
  • 60
    • 33750004541 scopus 로고
    • Att organisera omvärlden- en introduktion till läroplansteori
    • Stockholm: Liber. in Swedish
    • Lundgren, U. P. (1979) Att organisera omvärlden- en introduktion till läroplansteori. Stockholm: Liber. [Organizing one's world - an introduction to curriculum theory; in Swedish]
    • (1979)
    • Lundgren, U.P.1
  • 61
    • 0003458957 scopus 로고
    • Between education and schooling: Outlines of a diachronic curriculum theory
    • Geelong: Deakin University
    • Lundgren, U. P. (1991) Between education and schooling: Outlines of a diachronic curriculum theory. Geelong: Deakin University.
    • (1991)
    • Lundgren, U.P.1
  • 62
    • 84960216651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lærerplanverket for den tiårige grunnskolen
    • Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. in Norwegian
    • (1996) Lærerplanverket for den tiårige grunnskolen. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. [Curriculum for the 10-year elementary and lower secondary school; in Norwegian]
    • (1996)
  • 63
    • 84960299163 scopus 로고
    • Läroplan för grundskolan
    • Stockholm: Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsen in Swedish Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsens Skriftserie 60
    • (1962) Läroplan för grundskolan. Stockholm: Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsen. [National curriculum for the primary and upper secondary school; in Swedish]. Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsens Skriftserie 60
    • (1962)
  • 64
    • 84960210431 scopus 로고
    • Läroplan för grundskolan
    • Stockholm: Allmän del. Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsen. in Swedish
    • (1969) Läroplan för grundskolan. Stockholm: Allmän del. Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsen. [National curriculum for the primary and upper secondary school; in Swedish]
    • (1969)
  • 65
    • 84960319717 scopus 로고
    • Läroplan för grundskolan
    • Stockholm: Allmän del. Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsen. in Swedish
    • (1980) Läroplan för grundskolan. Stockholm: Allmän del. Kungliga Skolöverstyrelsen. [National curriculum for the primary and upper secondary school; in Swedish]
    • (1980)
  • 66
    • 36849050930 scopus 로고
    • Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet
    • Stockholm: Fritzes. in Swedish Allmän del. Utbildningsdepartementet
    • (1994) Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet. Stockholm: Fritzes. [National curriculum for compulsory school; in Swedish]. Allmän del. Utbildningsdepartementet
    • (1994)
  • 67
    • 33744903600 scopus 로고
    • Saga alydufrædslunnar á Íslandi
    • Reykjavík: MFA
    • Magnúss, G. M. (1939) Saga alydufrædslunnar á Íslandi. Reykjavík: MFA. [The history of public education in Iceland]
    • (1939)
    • Magnúss, G.M.1
  • 69
    • 33744920021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folkeskolen år 2000. Evaluering af 8-punkts-programmet
    • (Ed.). Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriets forlag
    • Mehlbye, J., (Ed.). (2001) Folkeskolen år 2000. Evaluering af 8-punkts-programmet. Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriets forlag. [The folk school year 2000. Evaluation of the 8-point programme]
    • (2001)
    • Mehlbye, J.1
  • 70
    • 33744922588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VSOP vuosiluokkiin sitomaton opiskelu ala- ja yläasteilla
    • Jyväskylä: Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos. in Finnish
    • Mehtäläinen, J. (1997) VSOP vuosiluokkiin sitomaton opiskelu ala- ja yläasteilla. Jyväskylä: Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos. [Non-graded tuition in comprehensive school; in Finnish]
    • (1997)
    • Mehtäläinen, J.1
  • 71
    • 84960276862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vuosiluokkiin sitomaton opetus peruskoulussa. Lähtökohtia ja koulujen kokemuksia
    • (Ed.). Helsinki: Opetushallitus in Finnish Kehittyvä koulutus 2/96
    • Merimaa, E., (Ed.). (1996) Vuosiluokkiin sitomaton opetus peruskoulussa. Lähtökohtia ja koulujen kokemuksia. Helsinki: Opetushallitus. [Non-graded tuition in the comprehensive school; in Finnish]. Kehittyvä koulutus 2/96
    • (1996)
    • Merimaa, E.1
  • 72
    • 33744906239 scopus 로고
    • International organization and educational ideas; a case of educational reforms in Iceland
    • University of Wisconsin - Madison. Master's Thesis
    • Mýrdal, S. (1989) International organization and educational ideas; a case of educational reforms in Iceland. University of Wisconsin - Madison. Master's Thesis
    • (1989)
    • Mýrdal, S.1
  • 73
    • 33744939403 scopus 로고
    • Mønsterplanen for grunnskolen
    • Oslo: Aschehoug. in Norwegian
    • (1974) Mønsterplanen for grunnskolen. Oslo: Aschehoug. [General curriculum for the elementary and lower secondary school; in Norwegian]
    • (1974)
  • 74
    • 33744914788 scopus 로고
    • Mønsterplanen for grunnskolen
    • Oslo: Aschehoug in Norwegian
    • (1987) Mønsterplanen for grunnskolen. Oslo: Aschehoug. [General curriculum for the elementary and lower secondary school; in Norwegian]
    • (1987)
  • 75
    • 33744908235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National curriculum guide for the compulsory school: General section
    • [Iceland] Reykjavík, Iceland: Icelandic Ministry of Education. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from
    • National curriculum guide for the compulsory school: General section [Iceland]. (2004). Reykjavík, Iceland: Icelandic Ministry of Education. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from http://bella.mrn.stjr.is/utgafur/general.pdf
    • (2004)
  • 76
    • 33744936741 scopus 로고
    • Folkeskolen i 90'erne - Loven og samfundet
    • Vejle: Kroghs Forlag. in Danish
    • Nielsen, V. O. (1995) Folkeskolen i 90'erne - loven og samfundet. Vejle: Kroghs Forlag. [The folk school in the nineties - the education act and the society; in Danish]
    • (1995)
    • Nielsen, V.O.1
  • 77
    • 0010863721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An independent evaluation of comprehensive curriculum reform in Finland
    • Helsinki: National Board of Education
    • Norris, N. and Asplund, R. and Macdonald, B. and Schostak, J. and Zamorski, B. (1996) An independent evaluation of comprehensive curriculum reform in Finland. Helsinki: National Board of Education.
    • (1996)
    • Norris, N.1    Asplund, R.2    Macdonald, B.3    Schostak, J.4    Zamorski, B.5
  • 79
    • 84960227769 scopus 로고
    • Review of educational policy in Iceland. Examiners' report and questions
    • OECD. Reykjavík: Ministry of Culture and Education
    • OECD. (1987) Review of educational policy in Iceland. Examiners' report and questions. Reykjavík: Ministry of Culture and Education.
    • (1987)
  • 80
    • 25844431931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD. Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, OECD Publishing
    • OECD. (2001) Schooling for tomorrow - what schools for the future?. Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, OECD Publishing.
    • (2001) Schooling for Tomorrow - What Schools for the Future?
  • 81
    • 33744911577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodical of the Trade Union of Education in Finland
    • Opettaja 13 January
    • Opettaja. (2006) Periodical of the Trade Union of Education in Finland, 13 January.
    • (2006)
  • 82
    • 33744917760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skólastarf á nýrri öld
    • Reykjavík: in Icelandic (Originally a lecture at Nordic Council's seminar "Morgendagens skole i Norden" Oslo, December 2002)
    • Óskarsdóttir, G. (2003) Skólastarf á nýrri öld. Reykjavík: Local Education Office. [Schooling in new century; in Icelandic]. (Originally a lecture at Nordic Council's seminar "Morgendagens skole i Norden", Oslo, December 2002)
    • (2003)
    • Óskarsdóttir, G.1
  • 83
    • 33744926865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Einstaklingsmidad nám í grunnskólum
    • An interview with Ingvar Sigurgeirsson Reykjavíkur. in Icelandic Netla. March. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from
    • Óskarsdóttir, G. (2004). An interview with Ingvar Sigurgeirsson. Einstaklingsmidad nám í grunnskólum Reykjavíkur. [Individualized teaching in Reykjavik compulsory schools; in Icelandic]. Netla. March. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from http://netla.khi.is/vidtol/2004/001/index.htm
    • (2004)
    • Óskarsdóttir, G.1
  • 84
    • 84960285484 scopus 로고
    • Störf kennara í grunnskólum
    • Reykjavik: Mál og menning
    • Pálsson, J. (1983) Störf kennara í grunnskólum [Teachers' tasks in basic schools]. In Athöfn og oro. (pp. pp. 115-136). Reykjavik: Mál og menning. In
    • (1983) Athöfn Og Ord , pp. 115-136
    • Pálsson, J.1
  • 85
    • 33744928309 scopus 로고
    • Skoledage 1-2
    • Projekt Skolesprog. Copenhagen: GMT & Unge Pædagoger. in Danish
    • Projekt Skolesprog. (1979) Skoledage 1-2. Copenhagen: GMT & Unge Pædagoger. [School days 1-2; in Danish]
    • (1979)
  • 87
    • 27944465562 scopus 로고
    • Suomen oppivelvollisuuskoulun opetussuunnitelman muutokset vuosina 1916-1970
    • Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Sarja C, Scripta lingua Fennica edita
    • Rinne, R. (1984) Suomen oppivelvollisuuskoulun opetussuunnitelman muutokset vuosina 1916-1970. [The changes in the curriculum of the Finnish compulsory school in 1916-1970]. Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Sarja C, Scripta lingua Fennica edita, 44
    • (1984) , pp. 44
    • Rinne, R.1
  • 90
    • 33744918717 scopus 로고
    • The role, use and impact of curriculum materials in intermediate level Icelandic classrooms
    • University of Sussex. Ph.D. Thesis
    • Sigurgeirsson, I. (1992) The role, use and impact of curriculum materials in intermediate level Icelandic classrooms. University of Sussex. Ph.D. Thesis
    • (1992)
    • Sigurgeirsson, I.1
  • 91
    • 33744941019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoughts on school reform in Iceland
    • February Paper presented at international seminar, The Challenge of School Transformation: What Works, Berlin. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from
    • Sigurgeirsson, I. (1998, February). Thoughts on school reform in Iceland. Paper presented at international seminar, The Challenge of School Transformation: What Works, Berlin. Retrieved 2 February, 2006, from http://starfsfolk.khi.is/ingvar/rannsokn/schreformis.html
    • (1998)
    • Sigurgeirsson, I.1
  • 92
    • 33744930799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Um einstaklingsmidad nám, opinn skóla og fleiri hugtök
    • in Icelandic
    • Sigurgeirsson, I. (2005) Um einstaklingsmidad nám, opinn skóla og fleiri hugtök [On individualized learning, open school and more concepts; in Icelandic]. Uppeldi og menntun, 14((2)), pp. 9-32.
    • (2005) Uppeldi Og Menntun , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 9-32
    • Sigurgeirsson, I.1
  • 93
    • 0011001956 scopus 로고
    • Paljon vartijat. Suomalainen kansanopettaja valtiollisessa kouludiskurssissa 1860-luvulta 1990-luvulle
    • in Finnish Helsinki, Finland: Helsingin yliopisto. Opettajankoulutuslaitos. Tutkimuksia
    • Simola, H. (1995) Paljon vartijat. Suomalainen kansanopettaja valtiollisessa kouludiskurssissa 1860-luvulta 1990-luvulle. [The guards of plenty. The Finnish school teacher in state educational discourse from the 1860s to the 1990s; in Finnish]. Helsinki, Finland: Helsingin yliopisto. Opettajankoulutuslaitos. Tutkimuksia 137
    • (1995) , pp. 137
    • Simola, H.1
  • 94
    • 0010127346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructing a school-free pedagogy: Decontextualization of Finnish state educational discourse
    • Simola, H. (1998) Constructing a school-free pedagogy: Decontextualization of Finnish state educational discourse. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 30((3)), pp. 339-356.
    • (1998) Journal of Curriculum Studies , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-356
    • Simola, H.1
  • 96
    • 33744901386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Own work" - An analysis of dissemination of an individualising innovation in Finland and Sweden
    • March Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Nordic Educational Research Association, Tallinn. In [pp.].
    • Simola, H. (2002b, March). "Own workquot; - an analysis of dissemination of an individualising innovation in Finland and Sweden. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Nordic Educational Research Association, Tallinn. In [pp.].
    • (2002)
    • Simola, H.1
  • 97
    • 27644582101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Finnish miracle of PISA: Historical and sociological remarks on teaching and teacher education
    • Simola, H. (2005) The Finnish miracle of PISA: Historical and sociological remarks on teaching and teacher education. Comparative Education, 41, pp. 455-470.
    • (2005) Comparative Education , vol.41 , pp. 455-470
    • Simola, H.1
  • 98
    • 27644485637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School professionals talk about educational change - Interviews with Finnish school level actors on educational governance and social inclusion/exclusion
    • Uppsala: University of Uppsala, Department of Education. Uppsala Reports on Education, 37
    • Simola, H. and Hakala, K. (2001) School professionals talk about educational change - interviews with Finnish school level actors on educational governance and social inclusion/exclusion. In Listening to education actors on governance and social integration and exclusion. (pp. pp.103 - 132). Uppsala: University of Uppsala, Department of Education. Uppsala Reports on Education, 37
    • (2001) Listening to Education Actors on Governance and Social Integration and Exclusion , pp. 103-132
    • Simola, H.1    Hakala, K.2
  • 99
    • 33744912443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationella utvärderingen av grundskolan 200 - Sammanfattande huvudrapport
    • Skolverket. Stockholm: Liber. in Swedish
    • Skolverket. (2003) Nationella utvärderingen av grundskolan 200 - sammanfattande huvudrapport. Stockholm: Liber. [National evaluation of the comprehensive school 2003 - summarizing main report; in Swedish]
    • (2003)
  • 100
    • 33645601195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Den historiske konstruksjon av moderne ungdom
    • Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk forlag/UNGforsk in Norwegian
    • Stafseng, O. (1996) Den historiske konstruksjon av moderne ungdom. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk forlag/UNGforsk. [The historic construction of modern youth; in Norwegian]
    • (1996)
    • Stafseng, O.1
  • 101
    • 33744926112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hidden pre-history of Nordic teacherá self-education 1870-1940
    • March Oslo Contribution to NFPF/NERA congress
    • Stafseng, O. (2005, March) A hidden pre-history of Nordic teacherś self-education 1870-1940. Oslo Contribution to NFPF/NERA congress
    • (2005)
    • Stafseng, O.1
  • 102
    • 84932554751 scopus 로고
    • TV-observationer av läraraktiviteter i klassrummet
    • Göteborg: Pedagogiska institutionen, Lärarhögskolan i Göteborg. in Swedish
    • Stukát, K.-G. and Engström, R. (1966) TV-observationer av läraraktiviteter i klassrummet. Göteborg: Pedagogiska institutionen, Lärarhögskolan i Göteborg. [TV-observations of teacher activity in the classroom; in Swedish]
    • (1966)
    • Stukát, K.-G.1    Engström, R.2
  • 103
    • 33744905273 scopus 로고
    • Klasseromsforskning. Ei metodologisk tilnærming
    • Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. in Norwegian
    • Strømnes, M. (1967) Klasseromsforskning. Ei metodologisk tilnærming. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. [Classroom research. A methodological approach; in Norwegian]
    • (1967)
    • Strømnes, M.1
  • 104
    • 84928833442 scopus 로고
    • Suurten projektien loppu
    • in Finnish
    • Sulkunen, P. (1991) Suurten projektien loppu [The end of the great projects; in Finnish]. Alkoholipolitiikka, 56, pp. 165-177.
    • (1991) Alkoholipolitiikka , vol.56 , pp. 165-177
    • Sulkunen, P.1
  • 105
    • 33744942296 scopus 로고
    • Åpne skoler i Norge
    • Oslo: Didakta norsk utdanningsforlag
    • Telhaug, A. O. (1976) Åpne skoler i Norge. Oslo: Didakta norsk utdanningsforlag. [Open schools in Norway]
    • (1976)
    • Telhaug, A.O.1
  • 106
    • 33744937515 scopus 로고
    • Norsk skoleutvikling etter 1945
    • in Norwegian Oslo, Norway. Didakta Norsk forlag
    • Telhaug, A. O. (1986) Norsk skoleutvikling etter 1945. [Norwegian school development after 1945; in Norwegian]Oslo, Norway. Didakta Norsk forlag
    • (1986)
    • Telhaug, A.O.1
  • 107
    • 33744942576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erityisopetus 2003
    • Tilastokeskus. in Finnish Retrieved December 21, 2004, from
    • Tilastokeskus. (2004). Erityisopetus 2003 [Special education in 2003; in Finnish]. Retrieved December 21, 2004, from http://www.stat.fi/til/erop/index.html
    • (2004)
  • 108
    • 0004180168 scopus 로고
    • A sociology of modernity: Liberty and discipline
    • London: Routledge
    • Wagner, P. (1994) A sociology of modernity: Liberty and discipline. London: Routledge.
    • (1994)
    • Wagner, P.1
  • 109
    • 33744903867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eget arbete - En kameleont i klassrummet: Perspektiv på ett arbetssätt från förskola till gymnasium
    • Lund: Studentlitteratur. in Swedish
    • Österlind, E. (2005) Eget arbete - en kameleont i klassrummet: perspektiv på ett arbetssätt från förskola till gymnasium. Lund: Studentlitteratur. ["Own work" - a classroom chameleon: Perspectives on a teaching form from pre-school to upper secondary school; in Swedish]
    • (2005)
    • Österlind, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.