Effects of concentrated separator by-product (desugared molasses) on intake, site of digestion, microbial efficiency, and nitrogen balance in ruminants fed forage-based diets

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 84, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 2232-2242

  Lawler Neville, T L ^a   Shellito, S M ^a,b   Maddock, T D ^a,b   Bauer, M L ^a   Lardy, G P ^a   Gilbery, T C ^a   Caton, J S ^a  

^a NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Desugared molasses; Digestion; Forage; Lamb; Steer

Indexed keywords

MOLASSES; NITROGEN;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; CATTLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET; DIGESTION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; MALE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; CATTLE; DIET; DIGESTION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; MALE; MOLASSES; NITROGEN;

BOVIDAE; MEDICAGO SATIVA; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33744918658     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-765     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ammerman, C. B., G. J. Verde, J. E. Moore, W. C. Burns, and C. F. Chicco. 1972. Biuret, urea and natural proteins as nitrogen supplements for low quality roughage in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 35:121-127.
2. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA.
3. Bodine, T. N., H. T. Purvis, II, and D. L. Lalman. 2001. Effects of supplement type on animal performance, forage intake, digestion, and ruminal measurements of growing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1041-1051.
4. Bowman, J. G. P., B. F. Sowell, and J. A. Paterson. 1995. Liquid supplementation for ruminants fed low-quality forage diets: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 55:105-138.
5. Burgwald-Balstad, L. A., J. S. Caton, V. I. Burke, and K. C. Olson. 1995. Influence of forage level and naloxone injection on feed intake, digestion, and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations in dairy heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2677-2686.
6. Campling, R. C. 1970. Physical regulation of voluntary intake. Pages 226-234 in Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant. A. T. Phillipson, ed. Oriel Press, Ltd., Newcastle, UK.
7. Castillo, A. R., E. Kebreab, D. E. Beever, J. H. Barbi, J. D. Sutton, H. C. Kirby, and J. France. 2001. The effect of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage diets. J. Anim. Sci. 79:247-253.
8. Caton, J. S., V. I. Burke, V. L. Anderson, L. A. Burgwald, P. L. Norton, and K. C. Olson. 1994. Influence of crambe meal as a protein source on intake, site of digestion, ruminal fermentation, and microbial efficiency in beef steers fed grass hay. J. Anim. Sci. 72:3238-3245.
9. Caton, J. S., D. O. Erickson, D. A. Carey, and D. L. Ulmer. 1993. Influence of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on forage intake, site of digestion, in situ degradability, and duodenal amino acid flow in steers grazing cool-season pasture. J. Anim. Sci. 71:779-787.
10. Cheema, A. U., M. L. Galyean, J. S. Caton, and A. S. Freeman. 1991. Influence of protein levels and naloxone on ruminal fermentation, serum hormones and metabolites in lambs fed oat hay or barley straw. Small Rumin. Res. 5:47-55.
11. Cochran, W. G., and G. M. Cox. 1957. Pages 127-129 in Experimental Designs. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
12. Ensminger, M. E., J. E. Oldfield, and W. W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition. 2nd ed. The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, CA.
13. Garza, J. D., and F. N. Owens. 1989. Quantitative origin of ruminal liquid with various diets and feed intakes. Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Rep. MP-127:84-88.
14. Gilbery, T. C., G. P. Lardy, S. A. Soto-Navarro, M. L. Bauer, and J. S. Caton. 2006. Effects of corn condensed distillers solubles supplementation on ruminal fermentation, digestion, and in situ disappearance in steers consuming low-quality hay. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1468-1480.
15. Greenwood, R. H., E. C. Titgemeyer, and J. S. Drouillard. 2000. Effects of base ingredient in cooked molasses blocks on intake and digestion of prairie hay by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:167-172.
16. Guthrie, M. J., and D. G. Wagner. 1988. Influence of protein or grain supplementation and increasing levels of soybean meal on intake, utilization and passage rate of prairie hay in beef steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 66:1529-1537.
17. Heldt, J. S., R. C. Cochran, C. P. Mathis, K. C. Olson, B. C. Woods, E. C. Titgemeyer, T. G. Nagaraja, E. S. Van Zant, and D. E. Johnson. 1999. Effects of level and source of carbohydrate and level of degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality tallgrass prairie hay by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2846-2854.
18. Henning, P. A., Y. Van der Linden, M. C. Matthorpe, W. K. Nauhaus, and H. M. Swartz. 1980. Factors affecting the intake and digestion of roughage by sheep fed maize straw supplemented with maize grain. J. Agric. Sci. 94:565-573.
19. Highfill, B. D., D. L. Boggs, H. E. Amos, and J. G. Crickman. 1987. Effects of high fiber energy supplements on fermentation characteristics and in vivo and in situ digestibilities of low quality fescue hay. J. Anim. Sci. 65:224-234.
20. Hungerford, E. H. 1982. By-products. Pages 617-637 in Beet Sugar Technology. 3rd ed. R. A. McGinnis, ed. Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Fort Collins, CO.
21. Köster, H. H., R. C. Cochran, E. C. Titgemeyer, E. S. Vanzant, I. Abdelgadir, and G. St. Jean. 1996. Effect of increasing degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage by beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2473-2481.
22. Kunkle, W. E., J. T. Johns, M. H. Poore, and D. B. Herd. 1999. Designing supplementation programs for beef cattle fed forage-based diets. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Available: http://www.asas.org/jas/symposia/proceedings/0912.pdf Accessed July 12, 2005.
23. Lardy, G. P., D. C. Adams, T. J. Klopfenstein, and H. H. Patterson. 2004a. Building beef cow nutritional programs with the 1996 NRC beef cattle requirements model. J. Anim. Sci. 82(Suppl. E):E83-E92.
24. Lardy, G. P., D. N. Ulmer, V. L. Anderson, and J. S. Caton. 2004b. Effects of increasing level of supplemental barley on forage intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in forage fed beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 82:3662-3668.
25. Lee, G. J., D. W. Hennessy, J. V. Nolan, and R. A. Leng. 1987. Responses to nitrogen and maize supplements by young cattle offered a low-quality pasture hay. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 38:195-207.
26. Leupp, J. L., J. S. Caton, S. A. Soto-Navarro, and G. P. Lardy. 2005. Effects of cooked molasses blocks and fermentation extract or brown seaweed meal inclusion on intake, digestion, and microbial efficiency in steers fed low-quality hay. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2938-2945.
27. Loe, E. R., M. L. Bauer, G. P. Lardy, and J. S. Caton. 2002. Effect of dietary inclusion of concentrated separator by-product and weaning management on performance on newly received feedlot steers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 100:43-52.
28. Marston, T. T., and K. S. Lusby. 1995. Effects of energy or protein supplements and stage of production on intake and digestibility of hay by beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 73:651-656.
29. Mathis, C. P., R. C. Cochran, J. S. Heldt, B. C. Woods, I. E. O. Abdelgadir, K. C. Olson, E. C. Titgemeyer, and E. S. Vanzant. 2000. Effects of supplemental degradable intake protein on utilization of medium- to low-quality forages. J. Anim. Sci. 78:224-232.
30. McCollum, F. T., III, and G. W. Horn. 1990. Protein supplementation of grazing livestock: A review. Prof. Anim. Sci. 60:570-577.
31. McLennan, S. R., G. S. Wright, and G. W. Blight. 1981. Effects of supplements of urea, molasses and sodium sulfate on the intake and liveweight of steers fed rice straw. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 21:367-370.
32. Merchen, N. R., and L. D. Satter. 1983. Digestion of nitrogen by lambs fed alfalfa conserved as baled hay or as low moisture silage. J. Anim. Sci. 56:943-951.
33. Mertens, D. R. 1977. Dietary fiber components: Relationship to the rate and extent of ruminal digestion. Fed. Proc. 36:187-192.
34. Mertens, D. R., and J. R. Loften. 1980. The effects of starch on forage fiber digestion kinetics in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 63:1437-1446.
35. Messman, M. A., W. P. Weiss, and D. O. Erickson. 1992. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and maturity of bromegrass on nitrogen and amino acid utilization by cows. J. Anim. Sci. 70:566-575.
36. Meyer, J. H., W. C. Weir, N. R. Ittner, and J. D. Smith. 1955. The influence of high sodium chloride intakes by fattening sheep and cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 14:412-418.
37. Murphy, T. A., S. C. Loerch, and B. A. Dehority. 1994. The influence of restricted feeding on site and extent of digestion and flow of nitrogenous compounds to the duodenum in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2487-2496.
38. NRC. 1983. Underutilized resources as animal feedstuffs. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
39. NRC. 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
40. Olson, K. C., J. S. Caton, D. R. Kirby, and P. L. Norton. 1994. Influence of yeast culture supplementation and advancing season on steers grazing mixed-grass prairie in the Northern Great Plains: II. Ruminal fermentation, site of digestion, and microbial efficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2158-2170.
41. Ørskov, E. R., and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. 92:499-503.
42. Owens, F. N., J. Garza, and P. Dubeski. 1991. Advances in amino acid and N nutrition in grazing ruminants. Pages 109-137 in Proc. Grazing Livest. Nutr. Conf. Oklahoma State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. MP-133, Stillwater, OK.
43. Petersen, M. K. 1987. Nitrogen supplementation of grazing livestock. Page 115 in Proc. Grazing Livest. Nutr. Conf., Jackson, WY.
44. Phillips, W. A., G. W. Horn, and M. E. Smith. 1995. Effect of protein supplementation on forage intake and nitrogen balance of lambs fed freshly harvested wheat forage. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2687-2693.
45. Pordomingo, A. J., J. D. Wallace, A. S. Freeman, and M. L. Galyean. 1991. Supplemental corn grain for steers grazing native rangeland during summer. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1678-1687.
46. Putnam, P. A., M. Cisae, and R. E. Davis. 1964. Growth and N balance with steers fed Hi-N-molasses. J. Anim. Sci. 23:339-347.
47. Robertson, J. B., and P. J. Van Soest. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. Page 123 in Fiber Analysis in Food. W. P. Jones and O. Theander, ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
48. Russell, J. B., J. D. O'Connor, D. G. Fox, P. J. Van Soest, and C. J. Sniffen. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein synthesis for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3551-3561.
49. Salisbury, M. W., C. R. Krehbiel, T. T. Ross, C. L. Schultz, and L. L. Melton. 2004. Effects of supplemental protein type on intake, nitrogen balance, and site, and extent of digestion in whiteface wethers consuming low-quality grass hay. J. Anim. Sci. 82:3567-3576.
50. Hanson, D. W., D. C. Clanton, and I. G. Rush. 1990. Intake and digestion of low-quality meadow hay by steers and performance of cows on native range when fed protein supplements containing various levels of corn. J. Anim. Sci. 68:595-603.
51. Shellito, S. M., M. A. Ward, G. P. Lardy, M. L. Bauer, and J. S. Caton. 2006. Effects of concentrated separator by-product on intake, ruminal fermentation, digestion, and microbial efficiency in beef steers fed grass hay. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1535-1543.
52. Stephenson, R. G. A., and A. R. Bird. 1992. Responses to protein plus energy supplements of pregnant ewes eating mature grass diets. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 32:157-162.
53. Swanson, K. C., J. S. Caton, D. A. Redmer, V. I. Burke, and L. P. Reynolds. 2000. Influence of undegraded intake protein on intake, digestion, serum hormones and metabolites, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 35:225-233.
54. Titgemeyer, E. C., N. R. Merchen, and L. L. Berger. 1989. Evaluation of soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal and fish meal as sources of nitrogen and amino acids disappearing from the small intestine of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 67:262-275.
55. Van der Linden, Y., N. O. van Gylswyk, and H. M. Schwartz. 1984. Influence of supplementation of corn stover with corn grain on the fibrolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep and their relation to the intake and digestion of fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 59:772-783.
56. Wiedmeier, R. D., B. H. Tanner, J. R. Bair, H. T. Shenton, M. J. Arambel, and J. L. Walters. 1992. Effects of a new molasses byproduct, concentrated separator byproduct, on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1936-1940.
57. Wiedmeier, R. D., C. W. Arave, M. J. Arambel, B. A. Kent, and J. L. Walters. 1994. Effects of concentrated separator dried beet pulp on nutrient digestibility, milk production, and preference of Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 77:3051-3057.
58. Wilkerson, V. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, and W. W. Stroup. 1995. A collaborative study of in situ forage protein degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 73:583-588.
59. Williams, C. H., D. J. David, and O. Iismaa. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J. Agric. Sci. 59:381-385.
60. Wing, J. M., H. H. Van Horn, S. D. Sklare, and B. Harris, Jr. 1988. Effects of citrus molasses and distillers solubles and molasses on rumen parameters and lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 71:414-420.
61. Zinn, R. A., and F. N. Owens. 1986. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66:157-165.