Oblique subjects: A common germanic inheritance

Language

Volumn 81, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 824-881

  Eythórsson, Thórhallur ^a   Barddal, Jóhanna ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33744913071     PISSN: 00978507     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/lan.2005.0173     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. ABRAHAM, WERNER. 1993. Null subjects in the history of German: From IP to CP. Lingua 89.117-42.
2. ABRAMOV, BORIS A. 1967. Modelle der subjektlosen Sätze im Deutschen. Deutsch als Fremdsprache 4.361-74.
3. ACKEMA, PETER. 2002. A morphological approach to the absence of expletive PRO. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 14.291-319.
4. AIKHENVALD, ALEXANDRA Y.; R. M. W. DIXON; and MASAYUKI ONISHI (eds.) 2001. Noncanonical marking of subjects and objects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
5. ALLEN, CYNTHIA L. 1986. Reconsidering the history of like. Journal of Linguistics 22.375-409.
6. ALLEN, CYNTHIA L. 1995. Case marking and reanalysis: Grammatical relations from Old to Modern English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7. ALLEN, CYNTHIA L. 1996. A change in structural case marking in Early Middle English. Studies in comparative Germanic syntax 2, ed. by Höskuldur Thráinsson, Samuel D. Epstein, and Steve Peter, 3-20. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
8. ANDERSON, STEPHEN R. 1990. The grammar of Icelandic verbs in -st. Modem Icelandic syntax (Syntax and semantics 24), ed. by Joan Maling and Annie Zaenen, 235-73. San Diego: Academic Press.
9. ANDREWS, AVERY D. 1976. The VP complement analysis in Modern Icelandic. North Eastern Linguistic Society 6.1-21.
10. ANGANTÝSSON, ÁSGRÍMUR. 2003. Um oroaröo í íslensku meo hliosjón af setningaráherslu og tónfalli [On word order in Icelandic with regard to nuclear stress and intonation]. Reykjavík: University of Iceland master's thesis.
11. ASKEDAL, JOHN OLE. 2001. 'Oblique subjects', structural and lexical case marking: Some thoughts on case assignment in North Germanic and German. In Faarlund 2001b. 65-97.
12. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 1998. Argument structure, syntactic structure and morphological case of the impersonal construction in the history of Scandinavian. Scripta Islandica 49.21-33.
13. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2000a. The subject is nominative! On obsolete axioms and their deep rootedness. 17th Scandinavian conference of linguistics, ed. by Carl-Erik Lindberg and Steffen Nordahl Lund, 93-117. Odense: Institute of Language and Communication.
14. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2000b. Oblique subjects in Old Scandinavian. North-Western European Language Evolution 37.25-51.
15. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2001a. Case in Icelandic - A synchronic, diachronic and comparative approach. Lund: Lund University dissertation. [Published as Lundastudier i nordisk språkvetenskap A57, Lund: Department of Scandinavian Languages, 2001.]
16. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2001b. The perplexity of Dat-Nom verbs in Icelandic. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 24.47-70.
17. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2001c. The role of thematic roles in constructions? Evidence from the Icelandic inchoative. In Holmer et al. vol. 1, 127-37.
18. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2002. 'Oblique subjects' in Icelandic and German. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 70.61-99.
19. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2004. The semantics of the impersonal construction in Icelandic, German and Faroese: Beyond thematic roles. Studies in Germanic typology (Studia Typologica 6), ed. by Werner Abraham, 101-30. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
20. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2006. Construction-specific properties of syntactic subjects in Icelandic and German. Cognitive Linguistics 16, to appear.
21. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA. 2006-7. Productivity: Evidence from case and argument structure in Icelandic. (Constructional approaches to language.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins, to appear.
22. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA, and THÓRHALLUR EYTHÓRSSON. 2003a. The change that never happened: The story of oblique subjects. Journal of Linguistics 39.439-72.
23. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA, and THÓRHALLUR EYTHÓRSSON. 2003b. Icelandic vs. German: Oblique subjects, agreement and expletives. Chicago Linguistic Society 39.1.1-14.
24. BARDDAL, JÓHANNA, and THÓRHALLUR EYTHÓRSSON. 2005. Case and control constructions in German, Faroese and Icelandic: Or how to evaluate marginally-acceptable data? Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 75.1-36.
25. BARNES, MICHAEL. 1986. Subject, nominative and oblique case in Faroese. Scripta Islandica 38.3-35.
26. BAYER, JOSEF. 2004. Non-nominative subjects in comparison. In Bhaskararao & Subbarao vol. 1, 31-58.
27. BERNÓDUSSON, HELGI. 1982. Ó persónulegar setningar [Impersonal sentences]., Reykjavik: University of Iceland master's thesis.
28. BHASKARARAO, PERI, and KARUMURI VENKATA SUBBARAO (eds.) 2004. Non-nominative subjects. (2 vols.) (Typological studies in language 60-61.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
29. BICKEL, BALTHASAR. 2004. The syntax of experiencers in the Himalayas. In Bhaskararao & Subbarao vol. 2, 25-60.
30. BUTLER, MILTON C. 1977. Reanalysis of objects as subject in Middle English in impersonal constructions. Glossa 11.2.155-70.
31. BUTT, MIRIAM. 2001. A reexamination of the accusative to ergative shift in Indo-Aryan. Time over matter: Diachronic perspectives on morphosyntax, ed. by Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King, 105-41. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
32. CARDINALETTI, ANNA. 1990, Impersonal constructions and sentential arguments In German. Padua: Unipress.
33. CENNAMO, MICHELA. 2004. (In)transitivity and object marking: Some current issues. Romance objects, ed. by Guiliana Fiorentino, 51-87. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
34. CHUNG, SANDRA, D. 1976. Case marking and grammatical relations in Polynesian. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University dissertation. [Revised version published, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1978.]
35. COLE, PETER; WAYNE HARBERT; GABRIELLA HERMON; and S. N. SRIDHAR. 1980. The acquisition of subjecthood. Language 56.719-43.
36. COWPER, ELIZABETH A. 1988. What is a subject? Non-nominative subjects in Icelandic. North Eastern Linguistic Society 18.94-108.
37. CROFT, WILLIAM, 1998. Event structure in argument linking. The projection of arguments: Lexical and compositional factors, ed. by Miriam Butt and Wilhelm Geuder, 21-63. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
38. CROFT, WILLIAM. 2000. Verbs: Aspect and argument structure. Manchester: University of Manchester, MS. Online: http://lings.ln.man.ac.uk/Info/staff/WAC/WACpubs.html.
39. CROFT, WILLIAM. 2001. Radical construction grammar: Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
40. DAL, INGERID. 1966. Kurze Deutsche Syntax auf historischer Grundlage. 3rd edn. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
41. DELSING, LARS-OLOF. 1991. Om genitivens utveckling i fornsvenskan [On the development of the genitive in Old Swedish]. Studier i svensk språhistoria 2, ed. by Sven-Göran Malmgren and Bo Ralph, 12-30. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.
42. DELSING, LARS-OLOF. 1995. Prepositionsstrandning och kasus i äldre svenska [Preposition stranding and case in older Swedish], Arkiv för nordisk filologi 110.141-78.
43. DIXON, ROBERT M. W. 1997. The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. DOWTY, DAVID. 1991. Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language 67.547-619.
45. DRYER, MATTHEW S. 2006. Descriptive theories, explanatory theories, and basic linguistic theory. Catching language: The standard challenge of grammar writing, ed. by Felix Ameka, Alan Dench, and Nicholas Evans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, to appear.
46. ELMER, WILLY. 1981. Diachronic grammar: The history of Old and Middle English subjectless constructions. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
47. EYTHÓRSSON, THÓRHALLUR. 1995. Verbal syntax in the early Germanic languages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University dissertation.
48. EYTHÓRSSON, THÓRHALLUR. 2001. Dative vs. nominative: Changes in quirky subjects in Icelandic. In Holmer et al. vol. 2, 37-52.
49. EYTHÓRSSON, THÓRHALLUR, 2002. Changes in subject case marking in Icelandic. Syntactic effects of morphological change, ed. by David Lightfoot, 196-212. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50. EYTHÓRSSON, THÓRHALLUR, and JÓHANNA BARDDAL. 2003. Oblique subjects: A Germanic inheritance! Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 71.145-202.
51. EYTHÓRSSON, THÓRHALLUR, and JOHANNES G. JÓNSSON. 2003. The case of subject in Faroese. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 72.207-31.
52. FAARLUND, JAN T. 1990. Syntactic change: Toward a theory of historical syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
53. FAARLUND, JAN T. 2001a. The notion of oblique subject and its status in the history of Icelandic. In Faarlund 2001b, 99-135.
54. FAARLUND, JAN T. (ed.) 2001b. Grammatical relations in change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
55. FAARLUND, JAN T. 2004. The syntax of Old Norse: With a survey of the inflectional morphology and a complete bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
56. FALK, CECILIA. 1995. Lexikalt kasus i svenska [Lexical case in Swedish]. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 110.141-78.
57. FALK, CECILIA. 1997. Fornsvenska upplevarverb [Old Swedish experiencer verbs]. Lund: Lund University Press.
58. FANSELOW, GISBERT. 1992. Die Struktur des Deutschen Mittelfeldes und die Ergativitätsproblematik. Deutsche Syntax: Ansichten und Aussichten, ed. by Lutz Hoffman, 276-303. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
59. FANSELOW, GISBERT. 2002. Quirky subjects and other specifiers. More than words: A festschrift for Dieter Wunderlich, ed. by Ingrid Kaufmann and Barbara Stiebels, 227-50. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
60. FILLMORE, CHARLES J., and PAUL KAY. 1993. Construction grammar coursebook, chs. 1-11 (Reading materials for Ling X20). Berkeley: University of California, MS.
61. FILLMORE, CHARLES J.; PAUL KAY; and MARY KAY O'CONNOR. 1988. Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions: The case of let alone. Language 64.501-38.
62. FISCHER, OLGA C. M., and FREDERIKE C. VAN DER LEEK. 1983. The demise of the Old English impersonal construction. Journal of Linguistics 19.337-68.
63. FISCHER, OLGA C. M.; ANS VAN KEMENADE; WILLEM F. KOOPMAN; and WIM VAN DER WURTH. 2000. The syntax of Early English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
64. FISCHER, SUSANN, and JOANNA BLASZCZAK. 2001. Diachronic perspective of quirky subjects. Working papers of the international symposium on 'non-nominative subjects', ed. by Peri Bhaskararao, 42-56. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.
65. FOREMAN, JOHN. 2004. Experiencer subjects in Macuiltianguis Zapotec. Paper presented at the Conference on Oto-Manguean and Oaxacan Languages, University of California. Berkeley, March 2004. Online: http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/grads/jforeman/ COOL_Handout_2004_Experiencer_Subjects_in_Macuiltianguis_Zapotec_Revised .pdf.
66. GREWENDORF, GÜNTHER. 1989. Ergativity in German. Dordrecht: Foris.
67. GRIMSHAW, JANE. 1990. Argument structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
68. HAEBERLI, ERIC. 2002. Features, categories and the syntax of A-positions: Cross-linguistic variation in the Germanic languages. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
69. HAIDER, HUBERT. 1991. Null subjects and expletives in Romance and Germanic languages. Issues in Germanic syntax, ed. by Werner Abraham, Wim Kosmeijer, and Eric Reuland, 49-66. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
70. HAIDER, HUBERT. 2005. How to turn German into Icelandic - and derive the OV-VO contrasts. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 8.1-53.
71. HÁLFDANARSON, HELGI (ed.) 1984. Gætum tungunnar [Let's watch our language). Reykjavík: Hio íslenska bókmenntafélag.
72. HALLDÓRSSON, HALLDÓR. 1982. Um méranir [On dativizings]. Íslenskt mál 4.159-89.
73. HARRIS, ALICE C. 1973. Psychological predicates in Middle English. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, San Diego.
74. HARRIS, ALICE C., and LYLE CAMPBELL. 1995. Historical syntax in cross-linguistic perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
75. HASPELMATH, MARTIN. 2001. Non-canonical marking of core arguments in European languages. In Aikhenvald et al., 53-83.
76. HASPELMATH, MARTIN. 2004. Does linguistic explanation presuppose linguistic description? Studies in Language 28.554-79.
77. HASPELMATH, MARTIN, and SANDRO CARUANA. 2000. Subject diffuseness in Maltese: On some subject properties of experiential verbs. Folia Linguistics 34.3-4.245-65.
78. HAUGAN, JENS. 1998. Passiv av norrøne dobbelt objekt-konstruktionar og subjektspørsmålet [The passive of Old Norse double object constructions and the issue of subjecthood]. Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift 16.157-84.
79. HELBIG, GERHARD, and JOACHIM BUSCHA. 1988. Deutsche Grammatik: Ein Handbuch für den Auslä nderunterricht. 11th edn. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie.
80. HERMON, GABRIELLA. 1985. Syntactic modularity. Dordrecht: Foris.
81. HOLMER, ARTHUR; JAN-OLOF SVANTESSON; and ÅKE VIBERG (eds.) 2001. Proceedings of the 18th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics. (2 vols.) Lund: Department of Linguistics and Phonetics.
82. HRAFNBJARGARSON, GUNNAR H. 2001. An optimality theory analysis of agreement in Icelandic Dat-Nom constructions. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 68.15-47.
83. HRAFNBJARGARSON, GUNNAR H. 2004. Oblique subjects and stylistic fronting in the history of Scandinavian and English: The role of IP-Spec. Aarhus: University of Aarhus dissertation.
84. JACKENDOFF, RAY. 1972. Semantic interpretation in generative grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
85. JACKENDOFF, RAY, and PETER W. CULLICOVER. 2003. The semantic basis of control in English. Language 79.517-56.
86. JANDA, RICHARD D., and BRIAN D. JOSEPH. 2003. Introduction: On language, change, and language change - or, of history, linguistics, and historical linguistics. In Joseph & Janda, 3-180.
87. JESPERSEN, OTTO. 1927. A Modern English grammar on historical principles, vol. 3. London: Allen & Unwin.
88. JONAS, DIANNE. 2002. Recent change in Faroese experiencer constructions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, San Francisco.
89. JÓNSSON, JOHANNES G. 1996. Clausal architecture and case in Icelandic. Amherst: University of Massachusetts dissertation.
90. JÓNSSON, JÓHANNES G. 1997-98. Sagnir meo aukafallsfrumlagi [Verbs selecting for oblique subjects], Íslenskt mál 19-20.11-43.
91. JÓNSSON, JÓHANNES G. 2000. Case and double objects in Icelandic. Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics 8.1-94.
92. JÓNSSON, JÓHANNES G., and THÓRHALLUR EYTHÓRSSON. 2005. Variation in subject case marking in Insular Scandinavian. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 28.2.23-45.
93. JOSEPH, BRIAN D. 1981. On the synchrony and diachrony of Modern Greek na. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 7.139-54.
94. JOSEPH, BRIAN D. 2002. On some control structures in Hellenistic Greek: A comparison with Classical and Modern Greek. Linguistic Discovery 1.1.
95. JOSEPH, BRIAN D., and RICHARD D. JANDA (eds.) 2003. The handbook of historical linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
96. KEENAN, EDWARD. 1976. Towards a universal definition of 'subject'. Subject and topic, ed. by Charles N. Lee, 303-34. New York: Academic Press.
97. KELLER, FRANK, and MARIA LAPATA. 2003. Using the web to obtain frequencies for unseen bigrams. Computational Linguistics 29.459-84.
98. KELLER, FRANK; MARIA LAPATA; and OLGA OURIOUPINA. 2002. Using the web to overcome data sparseness. Proceedings of the conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, ed. by Jan Hajic and Yuji Matsumoto, 230-37. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
99. KIKUSAWA, RITSUKO. 2002. Proto Central Pacific ergativity: Its reconstruction and development in the Fijian, Rotuman and Polynesian languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
100. KISS, TIBOR. 2003. Die Genese der Ausnahmeanapher. Arbeiten zur Reflexivierung, ed. by Lutz Gunkel, Gereon Müller, and Gisela Zifonun, 157-88. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
101. KLAIMAN, M. H, 1991. Grammatical voice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
102. KRISTOFFERSEN, KRISTIAN E. 1994. Passiv i norrønt og nyislansk - ei samanlikning [The passive in Old Norse-Icelandic and Modern Icelandic - a comparison]. Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift 12.43-69.
103. KRISTOFFERSEN, KRISTIAN E. 1996. Infinitival phrases in Old Norse: Aspects of their syntax and semantics. Oslo: University of Oslo dissertation.
104. LANGACKER, RONALD W. 1991. Foundations of cognitive grammar 2: Descriptive application. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
105. LAZARD, GILBERT. 1994. L'Actance. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
106. LEIRBUKT, ODDLEIF. 1997. Untersuchungen zum bekommen-Passiv im heutigen Deutsch. (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 177.) Tübingen: Niemeyer.
107. LIGHTFOOT, DAVID. 1979. Principles of diachronic syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
108. LIGHTFOOT, DAVID. 1999. The development of language: Acquisition, change, and evolution. London: Blackwell.
109. LYNGFELT, BENJAMIN. 2002. Kontroll i svenskan. Den optimala tolkningen av infinitivers tankesubjekt [Control in Swedish: The optimal interpretation of the unexpressed subject of infinitives]. Göteborg: Göteborg University dissertation. [Published as Nordistica Gothoburgensia 25, Göteborg: Elanders Novum, 2002.]
110. MASICA, COLIN P. 1976. Defining a linguistic area: South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
111. MCCLOSKEY, JIM. 1997. Subjecthood and subject positions. Elements of grammar: Handbook in generative grammar, ed. by Liliane Haegeman, 197-235. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
112. MCKAY, TERENCE. 1985. Infinitival complements in German: lassen, scheinen and the verbs of perception. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
113. MOORE, JOHN, and DAVID M. PERLMUTTER. 2000. What does it take to be a dative subject? Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 18.373-416.
114. MØRCK, ENDRE. 1992. Subjektets kasus i norrønt og mellomnorsk [The case of the subject in Old Norse-Icelandic and Middle Norwegian]. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 107.53-99.
115. MØRCK, ENDRE. 1994. The distribution of subject properties and the acquisition of subjecthood in the West Scandinavian languages. Language change and language structure: Older Germanic languages in a comparative perspective, ed. by Toril Swan, Endre Mørck, and Olaf J. Westwik, 159-94. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
116. MUSGRAVE, SIMON. 2000. A note on animacy hierarchy effects in Sasak and Sumbawan. Sasak: Working Papers in Sasak 2.49-56.
117. NEELEMAN, AD, and FRED WEERMAN. 1999. Flexible syntax: A theory of case and arguments. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
118. NICHOLS, JOHANNA. 2003. Diversity and stability in language. In Joseph & Janda, 283-310.
119. OTTÓSSON, KJARTAN G. 1992. The middle voice in Icelandic. Lund: Lund University dissertation.
120. PERLMUTTER, DAVID M., and JOHN MOORE. 2002. Language-internal explanation: The distribution of Russian impersonals. Language 78.619-50.
121. PETERSEN, HJALMAR P. 2002. Quirky case in Faroese. Fróoskaparrit 50.63-76.
122. PETERSON, JOHN M. 1998. Grammatical relations in Pali and the emergence of ergativity in Indo-Aryan. Munich: LINCOM Europa.
123. REIS, MARGA. 1982. Zum Subjektbegriff im Deutschen. Satzglieder im Deutschen: Vorschläge zur syntaktischen, semantischen und pragmatischen Fundierung, ed. by Werner Abraham, 171-211. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
124. RIVERO, MARÍA-LUISA. 2004. Spanish quirky subjects, person restrictions, and the person-case constraint. Linguistic Inquiry 35.494-502.
125. RÖGNVALDSSON, EIRÍKUR. 1991. Quirky subjects in Old Icelandic. Papers from the twelfth Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, ed. by Halldór Á. Sigurosson, 369-78. Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland.
126. RÖGNVALDSSON, EIRÍKUR. 1995. Old Icelandic: A non-configurational language? NORTH-WESTERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGE EVOLUTION 26.3-29.
127. RÖGNVALDSSON, EIRÍKUR. 1996. Frumlag og fall ao fornu [Subject and case in Old Icelandic]. Íslenskt mál 18.37-69.
128. SCHÜTZE, CARSON T. 1997. Infl in child and adult language: Agreement, case and licensing. Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation.
129. SIEWIERSKA, ANNA. 2004. Person. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
130. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR A. 1983. Um frásagnarumröoun og grundvallaroroarö í forníslensku ásamt nokkrum samanburoi vio nútí mamál [On narrative inversion and basic word order in Old Icelandic, with some comparison to Modern Icelandic]. Reykjavík: University of Iceland master's thesis. [Published, Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, 1994.]
131. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR Á. 1989. Verbal syntax and case in Icelandic, Lund: Lund University dissertation. [Published, Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, 1992.]
132. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR A. 1990-91. Beygingarsamræmi [Agreement]. Íslenskt mál 12-13.31-77.
133. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR Á. 1991. Icelandic case-marked PRO and the licensing of lexical arguments. Natural language and Linguistic Theory 9.327-63.
134. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR A. 1992. The case of quirky subjects. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 49.1-26.
135. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR A. 1996. Icelandic finite verb agreement. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 57.1-46.
136. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR A. 2002a. To be an oblique subject: Russian vs. Icelandic. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20.691-724.
137. SIGURDSSON, HALLDÓR A. 2002b. Agree and agreement: Evidence from Germanic. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 70.101-56.
138. SMITH, HENRY. 1994. 'Dative sickness' in Germanic. Natural language and Linguistic Theory 12.675-736.
139. SMITH, HENRY. 1996. Resirictiveness in case theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
140. SMITH, MICHAEL B. 2001. Why quirky case really isn't quirky (or how to treat dative sickness in Icelandic). Polysemy in cognitive linguistics, ed. by Hubert Cuyckens and Britta Zawada, 115-59. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
141. SMITH, MICHAEL B. 2002. The polysemy of German es, iconicity, and the notion of conceptual distance. Cognitive Linguistics 13.1.67-112.
142. SNÆDAL, MAGNÚS. 1998. A concordance to Biblical Gothic. Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, and University of Iceland Press.
143. STEEVER, SANFORD B. (ed.) 1998. The Dravidian languages. London: Routledge.
144. STEPANOV, ARTHUR. 2003. On the 'quirky' difference Icelandic vs. German: A note of doubt. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 71.1-32.
145. THRÁINSSON, HÖSKULDUR. 1979. On complementation in Icelandic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University dissertation. [Published, New York: Garland, 1979.]
146. THRÁINSSON, HÖSKULDUR. 1998. Infinitival complements in some Old and Modern Germanic languages. Historische germanische und deutsche Syntax: Akten des internationalen Symposiums anläßlich des 100. Gebunstages von Ingerid Dal, ed. by John-Ole Askedal, 335-63. Bern: Peter Lang.
147. THRÁINSSON, HÖSKULDUR; HJALMAR P. PETERSEN; JÓGVAN Í LON JACOBSEN; and ZAKARIS SVABO HANSEN. 2004. Faroese: An overview and reference grammar. Tórshavn: Føroya fróoskaparfelag.
148. VAN DEN BERG, EVERT. 1985. Onpersoonlijke konstrukties, Subjekten en nominatieve NP's in het Middelnederlands. De Nieuwe Taalgids 79.3.201-13.
149. VAN DER GAAF, WILLEM, 1904. The transition from the impersonal to the personal construction in Middle English. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. [Reprinted, Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1967.]
150. VANGSNES, ØYSTEIN ALEXANDER. 1995. Referentiality and argument positions in Icelandic. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 55.89-109.
151. VERMA, MANINDRA K., and KARAVANNUR P. MOHANAN (eds.) 1990. Experiencer subjects in South Asian Languages. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
152. VIKNER, STEN. 1995. Verb movement and expletive subjects in the Germanic languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
153. VON SEEFRANZ-MONTAG, ARIANE. 1982. Syntaktische Funktionen und Wortstellungsveränderung: Die Entwicklung 'subjektloser' Konstruktionen in einigen Sprachen. Munich: University of Munich dissertation. [Published as Studien zur theoretischen Linguistik 3, Munich: Fink, 1983.]
154. VON SEEFRANZ-MONTAG, ARIANE. 1984. 'Subjectless' constructions and syntactic change. Historical syntax, ed. by Jacek Fisiak, 521-53. Berlin: Mouton.
155. WEGENER, HEIDE. 2001. Verbs of affect from a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Structural aspects of semantically complex verbs, ed. by Nicole Dehé and Anja Wanner, 219-48. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
156. WUNDERLICH, DIETER. 2006. The force of lexical case: German and Icelandic compared. The nature of the word: Essays in honor of Paul Kiparsky, ed. by Kristin Hanson and Sharon Inkelas. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, to appear.
157. ZAENEN, ANNIE; JOAN MALING; and HÖSKULDUR THRÁINSSON. 1985. Case and grammatical functions: The Icelandic passive. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3.441-83.