Suicidal behaviour and the menstrual cycle

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 36, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 901-912

  Saunders, Kate E A ^a   Hawton, Keith ^b  

^a WARNEFORD HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; ESTROGEN; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SEX HORMONE;

AUTOMUTILATION; DATA BASE; ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; FOLLICULAR PHASE; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LUTEAL PHASE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; METHODOLOGY; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME; PROGESTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MOOD DISORDERS; SEROTONIN; SUICIDE; SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED;

EID: 33744812169     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291706007392     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Abramowitz, E. S., Baker, A. & Freischer, S. F. (1982). Onset of depressive psychiatric crises and the menstrual cycle. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 745-748.
2. Babin, E. (1933). Der Selbstmord der Frau in Beziehung zur Menstruation and Gravidität. Bleucher Druckerei: Breslau.
3. Baca-Garcia, E., Diaz-Sastre, C., Ceverino, A., Garcia Resa, E., Oquendo, M. A., Saiz-Ruiz, J. & de Leon, J. (2004). Premenstrual symptoms and luteal suicide attempts. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 254, 326-329.
4. Baca-Garcia, E., Diaz-Satre, C., Ceverino, A., Saiz-Ruin, J., Diaz, F. J. & de Leon, J. (2003a). Association between the menses and suicide attempts: A replication study. Psychosomatic Medicine 65, 237-244.
5. Baca-Garcia, E., Diaz-Satre, C., de Leon, J. & Saiz-Ruiz, J. (2000). The relationship between menstrual cycle phases and suicide attempts. Psychosomatic Medicine 62, 50-60.
6. Baca-Garcia, E., Sanchez-Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez Diaz-Corralero, P., Gonazalez Garcia, I. & de Leon, J. (1998). Menstrual cycle and profiles of suicidal behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 97, 32-35.
7. Baca-Garcia, E., Vaquero, C., Diaz-Sastre, C., Ceverino, A., Saiz-Ruiz, J., Fernandez-Piquera, J. & de Leon, J. (2003b). A pilot study on a gene hormone interaction in female suicide attempts. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 253, 281-285.
8. Beek, A. T., Herman, I. & Schuyler, D. (1974a). Development of suicidal intent scales. In The Prediction of Suicide (ed. A. T. Beck, H. L. P. Resnik and D. J. Lettieri), pp. 45-56. Charles Press: Bowie, MD.
9. Beck, R. W., Morris, J. B. & Beck, A. T. (1974b). Cross validation of the suicidal intent scale. Psychological Reports 34, 445-446.
10. Birtchnell, J. & Floyd, S. (1974). Attempted suicide and the menstrual cycle: A negative conclusion. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 18, 361-369.
11. Birtchnell, J. & Floyd, S. (1975). Further characteristics of suicide attempters. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 19, 81-85.
12. Blum, R. W., Harmon, B., Harris, L., Bergeisen, L. & Resnick, M. D. (1992). American Indian-Alaska Native youth health. Journal of the American Medical Association 267, 1637-1644.
13. Bourgeois, M., Pedariosse, A. M., Degeilh, B. & Dartigues, J. F. (1987). Impact of the pre- or perimenstrual period and syndrome on suicidal behavior. Survey of 127 women who attempted suicide. Annales Medico-Psychologiques (Paris) 145, 429-438.
14. Brain, K. L., Haines, J. & Williams, C. L. (1998). The psychophysiology of self-mutilative behaviour: Evidence of tension reduction. Archives of Suicide Research 4, 227-242.
15. Buckle, R. C., Linnane, J. & McConachy, N. (1965). Attempted suicide presenting at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. Medical Journal of Australia 1, 754-758.
16. Carter, D. A., McGarrick, G. M., Norton, K. R., Paykel, E. S., Prysor-Jones, R. A. & Whitehead, S. A. (1982). The effect of chronic neuroleptic treatment on gonadotrophin release. Psychoneuroendocrinology 7, 201-207.
17. Caykoylu, A., Capoglu, I. & Ozturk, I. (2004). The possible factors affecting suicide attempts in the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 58, 460-464.
18. Chaturvedi, S. K., Chandra, P. S., Gurauraj, R., Pandian, D. R. & Benna, M. B. (1995). Suicidal ideas during the premenstrual phase. Journal of Affective Disorders 34, 193-199.
19. Clare, A. W. (1983). Psychiatric and social aspects of premenstrual complaints. Psychological Medicine. Monograph Supplement 4, 1-58.
20. Craik, E. M. (ed. and trans.) (1998). Hippocrates: Places in Man. Clarendon Press: Oxford.
21. Dalton, K. (1959). Menstruation and acute psychiatric illnesses. British Medical Journal 17, 148-149.
22. Eckeberg, O., Jacobsen, D., Sorum, Y. & Aass, G. (1986). Self poisoning and the menstrual cycle. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 73, 239-241.
23. Elo, O. (1931). Suicide and suicides in Finland [in German]. Deutsche Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Gerichtliche Medizin 17, 348.
24. Endicott, J. & Halbreich, U. (1988). Clinical significance of premenstrual dysphoric changes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 49, 486-489.
25. Englander-Golden, P., Whitmore, M. & Dienstbier, R. (1978). Menstrual cycle as a focus of study and self-report of moods and behaviour. Motivation and Emotion 2, 75-86.
26. Esquirol, E. (1885). A Treatise on Insanity (translated from the French, with additions, by E. K. Hunt), pp. 184-185. Lea and Blanchard: Philadelphia.
27. Fludder, J. M. & Tonge, S. R. (1975). Variations in the concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites in eight regions of rat brain during the oestrous cycle: A basis for interactions between hormones and psychotropic drugs. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 27 (Suppl.), 39.
28. Forestié, V., De Lignières, B., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Fulli-Lemaire, I., Cremniter, D. & Nahoul, K. (1986). Suicide attempts in hypo-estrogenic phases of the menstrual cycle. Lancet 2, 1357-1360.
29. Freud, S. (1974 [1883-1895]). Studies on hysteria. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. II. Hogarth Press: London.
30. Gisselmann, A., Ait Ameur, A., Pinoit, J. M., Francois, I. & Trapet, P. (1996). Attempted suicide and menstrual cycle. An epidemiologic study. Annales Medico-Psychologiques (Paris) 154, 136-139.
31. Glass, G. S., Heninger, G. R., Lansky, M. & Talan, K. (1971). Psychiatric emergency related to the menstrual cycle. American Journal of Psychiatry 128, 705-711.
32. Golub, S. & Harrington, D. (1981). Premenstrual and menstrual mood changes in adolescent women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41, 961-965.
33. Grinsted, J., Jacobsen, J. D., Grinsted, L., Schantz, A., Stenfoss, H. H. & Nielsen, S. P. (1989). Prediction of ovulation. Fertility and Sterility 52, 388-393.
34. Hawton, K., Hall, S., Simkin, S., Bale, L., Bond, A., Cod, S. & Stewart, A. (2003a). Deliberate self-harm in adolescents: A study of characteristics and trends in Oxford, 1990-2000. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44, 1191-1198.
35. Hawton, K., Harris, L., Hall, S., Simkin, S., Bale, E. & Bond, A. (2003b). Deliberate self-harm in Oxford, 1990-2000: A time of change in patient characteristics. Psychological Medicine 33, 987-995.
36. Heller, A. (1900). A study of suicide based on 300 autopsies [in German]. Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 47, 1653-1658.
37. Helweg-Larsen, K. & Hestbech J. (1985). Deaths due to suicide and accidents in relation to menstrual cycle. Ugeskrift for Laeger 147, 318-321.
38. Holding, T. A. & Minkhoff, K. (1973). Parasuicide and the menstrual cycle. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 17, 365-368.
39. Hollander, E. & Stein, D. (eds) (1995). Impulsivity and Aggression. John Wiley & Sons: New York.
40. Jannone, D. (1962). Suicide and attempted suicide in relation to the menstrual cycle [in Italian]. Policlinico: Sezioni Practica 69, 1144-1150.
41. Janowsky, D. S., Gorney, R. & Mandell, A. J. (1967). The menstrual cycle: Psychiatric and ovarian-adrenocortical hormoneCcorrelates: case study and literature review. Archives of General Psychiatry 17, 459-469.
42. Joffe, J. & Cohen, L. S. (1998). Estrogen, serotonin, and mood disturbance. Where is the therapeutic bridge? Biological Psychiatry 44, 798-811.
43. Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D. E. & Nelson, C. B. (1993). Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders 29, 85-96.
44. Keye, W. R., Hammond, D. C. & Strong, T. (1986). Medical and psychological characteristics of women presenting with premenstrual symptoms. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 68, 634-637.
45. Luggin, R., Bernsted, B., Petersson, B. & Jacobsen, A. T. (1984). Acute psychiatric admission related to the menstrual cycle. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 69, 461-465.
46. MacKinnon, I.L., MacKinnon, P. C. B. & Thompson, A. D. (1959). Lethal hazards of the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. British Medical Journal 46, 1015-1017.
47. MacKinnon, P. C. B. & MacKinnon, I. L. (1956). Hazards of the menstrual cycle. British Medical Journal 1, 555.
48. Malone, K. M., Corbitt, E. M., Li, S. & Mann, J. J. (1996). Prolactin response to fenfluramine and suicide attempt lethality in major depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 168, 324-329.
49. Mandell, A. J. & Mandell, M. P. (1967). Suicide and the menstrual cycle. Journal of the American Medical Association 9, 792-793.
50. Mann, J. J. (1998). The neurobiology of suicide. Nature Medicine 4, 25-30.
51. McEwen, B. S., Alves, S. E., Bulloch, K. & Weiland, N. G. (1997). Ovarian steroids and the brain: Implications for cognition and aging. Neurology 48, S8-S15.
52. Moos, R. (1969). Typology of menstrual symptoms. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 103, 390-02.
53. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin 101, 259-282.
54. O'Carroll, P. W., Berman, A. L., Maris, R. W., Moscicki, E. K., Tanney, B. L. & Silverman, M. (1996). Beyond the Tower of Babel: A nomenclature for suicidology. Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviours 26, 227-235.
55. O'Neil, M., Lancee, W. & Freeman, J. (1984). Fluctuations in psychological distress during the menstrual cycle. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 29, 373-378.
56. Pallis, D. J. & Holding, T. A. (1976). The menstrual cycle and suicidal intent. Journal of Biosocial Sciences 8, 27-33.
57. Parvathi Devi, S. & Venkoba Rao, A. (1972). The premenstrual phase and suicidal attempts. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 14, 375-379.
58. Peller, S. (1935). Menarche, menstruation and suicide [in German]. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 85, 205-207.
59. Ribeiro, A. L. (1962). Menstruation and crime. British Medical Journal 1, 640-641.
60. Rosenthal, R. J., Rinzler, C., Wallsh, R. & Klausner, E. (1972). Wrist-cutting syndrome: The meaning of a gesture. American Journal of Psychiatry 11, 1363-1368.
61. Sachwiz, A. (1927). Reasons for suicide [in German]. Deutsche Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Gerichtliche Medizin 10, 312-321.
62. Simpson, M. A. (1975). The phenomenonology of self mutilation in a general hospital setting. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 20, 429-434.
63. Slavik, W. (1909). Menstrual psychosis: Its relationship to penal law and the frequency of suicides in women [in German]. Revue de Médicine Tchèque 2, 112-113.
64. Steiner, M. (1926). Menstruation and suicide [in German]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2120-2121.
65. Storer, H. R. (1864). Suicide during the catamential molimen. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 70, 189-200.
66. Stout, S. B., Steege, J. F., Blazer, D. G. & George, L. K. (1986). A comparison of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses in premenstrual syndrome clinic and community samples. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 174, 517-521.
67. Sumner, B. E. H. & Fink, G. (1995). Estrogen increases the density of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens in the female rat. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 54, 15-20.
68. Targum, S. D., Caputo, K. P. & Ball, S. K. (1991). Menstrual cycle phase and psychiatric admissions. Journal of Affective Disorders 22, 49-53.
69. Taylor, D. V., Rush, D., Hetrick, W. P. & Sandman, C. S. (1993). Self-injurious behaviour within the menstrual cycle of women with mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation 97, 659-664.
70. Taylor, J. (1979). The timing of menstruation-related symptoms assessed by a daily symptom rating. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 60, 87-105.
71. Thompson, K., de Castella, A. & Kulkarni, J. (1997). Psychotic women can estimate cycle phase as well as controls. Schizophrenia Research 23, 185-186.
72. Tonks, C. M., Rack, P. H. & Rose, M. J. (1968). Attempted suicide and menstrual cycle. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 11, 319-323.
73. Trautman, E. C. (1961). The suicidal fit. Archives of General Psychiatry 5, 98-105.
74. Uphouse, L., Williams, J., Eckols, K. & Sierra, V. (1986). Cortical changes in serotonin receptors during the female rat estrous cycle. Brain Research 381, 376-381.
75. Vanezis, P. (1990). Deaths in women of reproductive age and relationship with menstrual phase, an autopsy study of cases reported to the coroner. Forensic Science International 47, 39-57.
76. Verkes, R. J., Asberg, M., Ven der Mast, R. C., Hengeveld, M. W., Tuyl, J. P., Zwinderman, A. H. & Van Kempen, G. M. (1998). Reduction by paroxetine of suicidal behaviour in patients with repeated suicide attempts but not major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 155, 543-547.
77. Vitali, M. L., Parisi, M. N., Chiocchio, S. R. & Tramezzani, J. H. (1984). Median eminence serotonin involved in the proestrous gonadotrophin release. Neuroendocrinology 39, 136-141.
78. von Balazs, J. (1936). Menstruation and suicide [in German]. Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Wochenschrift 38, 407-409.
79. Warner, P. & Bancroft, J. (1990). Factors related to self-reporting of the pre-menstrual syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 157, 249-260.
80. Weller, L., Weller, A. & Roizman, S. (1999). Human menstrual synchrony in families and among close friends: Examining the importance of mutual exposure. Journal of Comparative Psychology 113, 261-268.
81. Wetzel, R. D., Theodore, R. & McClure, J. N. (1971). Phase of the menstrual cycle and self-referrals to a suicide prevention service. British Journal of Psychiatry 119, 523-524.
82. WHO (1999). The World Health Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
83. Wyatt, K. M., Dimmock, P. W. & O'Brien, P. M. S. (2003). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual syndrome (Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane Library, Issue 1. Update Software: Oxford.
84. Zacco, M., Pacilio, V., Piliego, N. & Jannone, D. (1960). Suicide in relation to the menstrual cycle [in Italian]. Medicina Psicosomatica 5, 187-208.