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Volumn 49, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 3060-3063

Synthesis and study of alendronate derivatives as potential prodrugs of alendronate sodium for the treatment of low bone density and osteoporosis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; N MYRISTOYLALENDRONIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 33744811701     PISSN: 00222623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jm060398v     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 33744831102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Department of Human Health Services Press Release, October 14
    • Carmona, R. H. Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis. United States Department of Human Health Services Press Release, October 14, 2004.
    • (2004) Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis
    • Carmona, R.H.1
  • 2
    • 33744785038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In this report, we do not investigate tri-, di-, or monoalkyl alendronates because the in vivo hydrolysis of the second alkyl ester of either phosphonate functionality was expected to be very slow and therefore not considered an effective prodrug based on our concept. The ultimate goal for tetraalkyl alendronate prodrugs was to design structures in which the hydrolysis of the first ester would automatically trigger the release of the second one for each of the two phosphonates.
  • 18
    • 0029582663 scopus 로고
    • There are several synthetic strategies for the preparation of alendronic acid. Of these, the most notable is the work of Kieczykowski et al., which serves as a basis for the large-scale production of alendronate sodium: Kieczykowski, G. R.; Jobson, R. B.; Melillo, D. G.; Reinhold, D. F.; Grenda, V. J.; Shinkai, I. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8310.
    • (1995) J. Org. Chem. , vol.60 , pp. 8310
    • Kieczykowski, G.R.1    Jobson, R.B.2    Melillo, D.G.3    Reinhold, D.F.4    Grenda, V.J.5    Shinkai, I.6
  • 20
    • 33744781480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 31P NMR analysis of the reaction mixture along with the rearranged 1-phosphonate-1-phosphate byproduct. The desired product was never isolated in substantial yield.
  • 24
    • 33744793959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • For examples, see the introduction of ref 6.
  • 25
    • 33744814297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We were unable to reproduce several published procedures that relied on the use of catalytic amounts of secondary and tertiary amines as sufficient to promote the reaction. When 0.1 and 0.2 equiv of various bases were used, an average conversion of only 9.3 ± 1.2% and 21.1 ± 2.3% was observed, respectively.
  • 26
    • 25444510404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of solvent polarity on the rearrangement of monophosphonates to monophosphates follows a trend similar to that reported here for bisphosphonates. Compare this to a recent disclosure for monophosphonates: El Kaim, L.; Gaultier, L.; Grimaud, L.; Dos Santos, A. Synlett 2005, 2335.
    • (2005) Synlett , pp. 2335
    • El Kaim, L.1    Gaultier, L.2    Grimaud, L.3    Dos Santos, A.4
  • 28
    • 33744815861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 31P NMR for a sample stored under an inert atmosphere of argon at 20 ± 3 °C.
  • 29
    • 33744795377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The intramolecular mechanism of the 7-exo-trig O → N acyl transfer was established by a crossover experiment in which a mixture of 3 equiv of 6b and 1 equiv of 7a was hydrogenated. No cross-acylation to produce N-acetyl 9b was observed, and the sole product of this reaction was N-myristoyl 9a.
  • 30
    • 33744780657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • While the use of DMAP afforded a ratio of the desired O-TBS-alendronate to the rearranged 1-phosphonate-1-phosphate of 9:1, the use of other bases provided the following ratios: imidazole, 5:1; triethylamine, 6:1; Hunigs base, 8:1; DABCO, 6:1; DBU, 0.5:1. In addition, the use of imidazole did not affect completion of the silylation step and the use of the Huenigs base led to undesired formation of silylenolethers from the α-ketophosphonate, effectively reducing the overall yield. The use of less polar solvents such as cyclohexane or toluene with a potential of increasing the content of desired Pudovik adduct over undesired rearranged byproduct prior to silylation (see Table 1) led to heterogeneous reaction mixtures and irreproducible overall yields.
  • 31
    • 33744815555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2, were prepared in 57%, 89%, and 71% overall isolated yield, respectively, using the same general strategy.
  • 32
    • 33744809488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3) δ 19.21; HRMS calcd m/z 494.1785, obsd m/z 494.1789.
  • 36
    • 33744780385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Intravenous dosing was chosen over oral administration to circumvent potential errors in the overall biomarker readout due to any phase I metabolism of N-acylalendronates or substantial variations in their oral bioavailability compared to the parent drug.
  • 38
    • 0029886359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) Lin, J. H. Bone 1996, 18, 75.
    • (1996) Bone , vol.18 , pp. 75
    • Lin, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.