First report of a pectoral girdle muscle in snakes, with comments on the snake cervico-dorsal boundary

Copeia

Volumn , Issue 2, 2006, Pages 206-215

  Tsuihiji, Takanobu ^a   Kearney, Maureen ^a   Rieppel, Olivier ^a  

^a FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MORPHOLOGY; MUSCLE; SNAKE;

SERPENTES; SQUAMATA;

EID: 33744795725     PISSN: 00458511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[206:FROAPG]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. ALBRIGHT, R., AND E. M. NELSON. 1959. Cranial kinetics of the generalized colubrid snake Elaphe obsolete quadrivittata. I. Descriptive morphology. J. Morph. 105:193-240.
2. D'ALTON, E. 1834. Beschreibung des Muskelsystems eines Python bivittatus. Arch. Anat. Phys. wiss. Med. 1834:347-364, 432-450, 528-542.
3. AUEN, E. L., AND D. A. LANGEBARTEL. 1977. The cranial nerves of the colubrid snakes Elaphe and Thamnophis. J. Morph. 154:205-222.
4. BELLAIRS, A. D'A. 1950. The limbs of snakes with special reference to the hind limb rudiments of Trachyboa boulengeri. Brit. J. Herpetol. 4:73-83.
5. -, AND G. UNDERWOOD. 1951. The origin of snakes. Biol. Rev. 26:193-237.
6. BOCK, W. J., AND C. R. SHEAR. 1972. A staining method for gross dissection of vertebrate muscles. Anat. Anz. 130:222-227.
7. BUFFA, P. 1904. Ricerche sulla muscolatura cutanea dei serpenti e considerazioni sulla locomozione di questi animali. Atti. Acad. Ven. Trent. n. s. 1:145-237.
8. CALDWELL, M. W. 2000. On the aquatic squamate Dolichosaurus longicollis Owen, 1850 (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous), and the evolution of elongate necks in squamates. J. Vert. Paleontol. 20:720-735.
9. COHN, M. J., AND C. TICKLE. 1999. Developmental basis of limblessness and axial patterning in snakes. Nature 399:474-479.
10. CUNDALL, D. 1986. Variations of the cephalic muscles in the colubrid snake genera Entechinus, Opheodrys, and Symphimus. J. Morph. 187:1-21.
11. -, AND H. W. GREENE. 2000. Feeding in snakes, p. 293-333. In: Feeding: Form, Function, and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates. K. Schwenk (ed.). Academic Press, San Diego, California.
12. -, AND D. A. ROSSMAN. 1993. Cephalic anatomy of the rare Indonesian snake Anomochilus weberi. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 109:253-273.
13. -, V. WALLACH, AND D. A. ROSSMAN. 1993. The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus. Ibid. 109:275-299.
14. EDGEWORTH, F. H. 1935. The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
15. FISHER, D. L., AND W. W. TANNER. 1970. Osteological and myological comparisons of the head and thorax regions of Cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis Burger and Ameiva undulata parva Barbour and Noble (Family Teiidae). Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 11:1-41.
16. FŪRBRINGER, M. 1870. Die Knochen und Muskeln der Extremitäten bei den Schlangenähnlichen Sauriern. Vergleichend-anatomische Abhandlung. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany.
17. -. 1876. Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schultermuskeln. III. Theil. Morph. Jahrb. 1:636-816.
18. GASC, J.-P. 1968. Contribution a l'ostéologie et a la myologie de Dibamus novaeguineae Gray (Sauria, Reptilia). Discussion systématique. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool, 12 sér. 10:127-150.
19. HAAS, G. 1930. Über das Kopfskelett und die Kaumuskulatur der Typhlopiden und Glauconiiden. Zool. Jahrb. 52:1-94.
20. -. 1973. Muscles of the jaws and associated structures in the Rhynchocephalia and Squamata, p. 285-490. In: Biology of the Reptilia, vol. 4. C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.). Academic Press, London, U.K.
21. HOFFMANN, C. K. 1890. Reptilien. III. Schlangen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien, p. 1401-2089. In: Klassen und Ordnungen des Their-Reichs, vol. 6, part 3. H. G. Bronn (ed.). C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, Germany.
22. HOFFSTETTER, R., AND J.-P. GASC. 1969. Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles, p. 201-310. In: Biology of the Reptilia, vol. 1. C. Gans, A. d'A. Bellairs, and T. S. Parsons (eds.). Academic Press, London, U.K.
23. HOWELL, A. B. 1936. Morphogenesis of the shoulder architecture. Part IV. Reptilia. Q. Rev. Biol. 11:183-208.
24. KARDONG, K. V. 1980. Jaw musculature of the West Indian snake Alsophis cantherigerus brooksi (Colubridae, Reptilia). Breviora 463:1-26.
25. KEARNEY, M. 2002. Appendicular skeleton in amphisbaenians (Reptilia: Squamata). Copeia 2002:719-738.
26. LANGEBARTEL, D. A. 1968. The hyoid and its associated muscles in snakes. Ill. Biol. Mon. 38:1-156.
27. LAWSON, R., J. B. SLOWINSKI, AND F. T. BURBRINK. 2004. A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake Xenophidon schaeferi among the Alethinophidia. J. Zool. 263: 285-294.
28. LEE, M. S. Y., AND J. D. SCANLON. 2002. Snake phylogeny based on osteology, soft anatomy and ecology. Biol. Rev. 77:333-401.
29. LEVITON, A. E., R. H. GIBBS, JR., E. HEAL, AND C. E. DAWSON. 1985. Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia 1985:802-832.
30. LIST, J. C. 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Ill. Biol. Mon. 36:1-112.
31. LUBOSCH, W. 1933. Untersuchungen ūber die Visceralmuskulatur der Sauropsiden. Morph. Jahrb. 72: 584-666.
32. MALNATE, E. V. 1972. Observations on the vertebral hypapophyses and associated musculature in some snakes, with special reference to the Colubridae. Zool. Meded. 47:225-239.
33. MCDOWELL, S. B. 1972. The evolution of the tongue of snakes, and its bearing on snake origins. Evol. Biol. 6:191-272.
34. MCKAY, W. J. 1889. The osteology and myology of the death adder (Acanthophis antarctica). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales 4:893-986.
35. MCKENZIE, J. 1955. The morphology of the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles. J. Anat. 89:526-531.
36. NASH, D. F., AND W. W. TANNER. 1970. A comparative study of the head and thoracic osteology and myology of the skinks Eumeces gilberti Van Denburgh and Eucemes skiltonianus (Baird and Girard). Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 12:1-32.
37. NISHI, S. 1922. Zur Morphologie des M. trapezius. Fol. Anat. Jap. 1:175-181.
38. NODEN, D. M. 1983. The embryonic origins of avian cephalic and cervical muscles and associated connective tissues. Am. J. Anat. 168:257-276.
39. NOPCSA, F. 1923. Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neucom-Reptilien. Palaeontogr. 65:97-154.
40. PREGILL, G. K. 1977. Axial myology of the racer Coluber constrictor with emphasis on the neck region. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 18:185-206.
41. ROBISON, W. G., JR., AND W. W. TANNER. 1962. A comparative study of the species of the genus Crotaphytus holbrook (Iguanidae). Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 2:1-31.
42. SMALIAN, C. 1885. Beiträge zur Anatomie der Amphisbaeniden. Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. 42:126-202.
43. WARNER, R. 1946. Pectoral girdles vs. hyobranchia in snake genera Leiotyphlops and Anomalepis. Science 103:720-722.
44. WILCOX, T. P., D. J. ZWICKL, T. A. HEATH, AND D. M. HILLIS. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25:361-371.
45. ZAHER, H. 1997. Description of the cephalic muscles and gland morphology of Clelia plumbea and three presumably related species (Serpentes, Xenodontinae). Pap. Avuls. Zool. 40:17-63.