Epilepsy in women: A practical guide to management

Practical Neurology

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 166-179

  Jackson, Margaret ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOBAZAM; CLONAZEPAM; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS LEVONORGESTREL; ETHOSUXIMIDE; ETIRACETAM; ETONOGESTREL; ETYNODIOL; FELBAMATE; FOLIC ACID; GABAPENTIN; GESTAGEN; GESTODENE; LAMOTRIGINE; LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; NORETHISTERONE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; OXCARBAZEPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PRIMIDONE; TOPIRAMATE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VITAMIN K GROUP; ZONISAMIDE;

AMENORRHEA; BONE DENSITOMETRY; BREAST FEEDING; CATAMENIAL EPILEPSY; CESAREAN SECTION; CHILD CARE; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CONTRACEPTION; DOSE RESPONSE; DROWSINESS; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG MILK LEVEL; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ECLAMPSIA; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; FEMALE SUBFERTILITY; FETUS MALFORMATION; FOCAL EPILEPSY; FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY; HIGH RISK PREGNANCY; HIP FRACTURE; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; HYPERANDROGENISM; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; OLIGOMENORRHEA; OVARY INSUFFICIENCY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; OVULATION; PATIENT COUNSELING; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; TERATOGENICITY; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE; TREATMENT DURATION; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 33744791450     PISSN: 14747758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.092007     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Nicolson A, Appleton RE, Chadwick DW, et al. The relationship between treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate and the prognosis of the idiopathic generalised epilepsies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:75-9.
2. Herzog AG, Klein P, Ransil BJ. Three patterns of catamenial epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997;38:1082-8.
3. Duncan S, Read CL, Brodie MJ. How common is catamenial epilepsy? Epilepsia 1993;34:827-31.
4. Foldvary-Schaefer N, Falcone T. Catamenial epilepsy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Neurology 2003;61(Suppl 2):S2-15.
5. Isojarvi JI, Laatikainen TJ, Pakarinen AJ, et al. Polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in women taking valproate for epilepsy. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1383-8.
6. Herzog AG, Schachter SC. Valproate and the polycystic ovarian syndrome: final thoughts. Epilepsia 2001;42:311-5.
7. Bauer J, Jarre A, Klingmuller D, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome in patients with focal epilepsy: a study in 93 women. Epilepsy Res 2000;41:163-7.
8. Wallace H, Shorvon S, Tallis R. Age-specific incidence and prevalence rates of treated epilepsy in an unselected population of 2,052,922 and age-specific fertility rates of women with epilepsy. Lancet 1998;352:1970-3.
9. Bauer J, Isojarvi JI, Herzog AG, et al. Reproductive dysfunction in women with epilepsy: recommendations for evaluation and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:121-5.
10. Wilbur K, Ensom MH. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between oral contraceptives and second-generation anticonvulsants. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;38:355-65.
11. Task Force on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Randomised controlled trial of levonorgestrel versus the Yuzpe regimen of combined oral contraceptives for emergency contraception. Lancet 1998;352:428-33.
12. NICE. The diagnosis and management of the epilepsis in adults and children in primary and secondary care. Available at http:// www.nice.org.uk/pdf/CG020fullguideline.pdf (accessed January 2006).
13. Sabers A, Buchholt JM, Uldall P, et al. Lamotrigine plasma levels reduced by oral contraceptives. Epilepsy Res 2001;47:151-4.
14. Sidhu J, Bulsara S, Job S, et al. A bidirectional pharmacokinetic interaction study of lamotrigine and the combined oral contraceptive pill in healthy subjects. Epilepsia 2004;45(Suppl 7):330.
15. Schwenkhagen A, Stocieck S. Interaction between lamotrigine and a progestin-only contraceptive pill containing desogestrel 75mg (Cerazette). Epilepsia 2004;45(Suppl 7):144.
16. Mahmood I, Tammara VK, Baweja RK. Does percent reduction in seizure frequency correlate with plasma concentration of anticonvulsant drugs? Experience with four anticonvulsant drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64:547-52.
17. Fairgrieve SD, Jackson M, Jonas P, et al. Population based, prospective study of the care of women with epilepsy in pregnancy. BMJ 2000;321:674-5.
18. Olafsson E, Hallgrimsson JT, Hauser WA, et al. Pregnancies of women with epilepsy: a population-based study in Iceland. Epilepsia 1998;39:887-92.
19. Medical Research Council antiepileptic drug withdrawal study group. Randomised study of antiepileptic drug withdrawal in patients in remission. Lancet 1991;337:1175-80.
20. Teramo K, Hiilesmaa V. In: Janz D, Dam M (eds). Epilepsy, pregnancy, and the child. New York: Raven Press, 1982:53-9.
21. Adab N, Kini U, Vinten J, Ayres J, et al. The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1575-83.
22. Gaily E, Kantola-Sorsa E, Hiilesmaa V, et al. Normal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine. Neurology 2004;62:28-32.
23. Schmidt D, Canger R, Avanzini G. Change of seizure frequency in pregnant epileptic women. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:751-5.
24. Crawford P, Lee P. Gender difference in management of epilepsy-what women are hearing. Seizure 1999;8:135-9.
25. Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA, et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1132-8.
26. Kaneko S, Battino D, Andermann E, et al. Congenital malformations due to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res 1999;33:145-58.
27. Vajda FJ, O'Brien TJ, Hitchcock A, et al. Critical relationship between sodium valproate dose and human teratogenicity: results of the Australian register of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy. J Clinical Neurosci 2004;11:854-8.
28. Morrow JI, Russell A, Guthrie E, et al. Malformation risks of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: A prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. Available at http:/jnnp.bmjjournals.com/ cgi/rapidpdf/jnnp.2005.074203v1
29. Adab N, Jacoby A, Smith D, et al. Additional educational needs in children born to mothers with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:15-21.
30. Vinten J, Adab N, Kini U, et al. Neuropsychological effects of exposure to anticonvulsant medication in utero. Neurology 2005;64:949-54.
31. Morgan CL, Ahmed Z, Kerr MP. Social deprivation and prevalence of epilepsy and associated health usage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:13-17.
32. Clayton-Smith J, Donnai D. Fetal valproate syndrome. J Med Genet 1995;32:724-7.
33. Yerby M, Friel P, McCormick K. Antiepileptic drug disposition during pregnancy. Neurology 1992;42(Suppl 5):12-16.
34. Ohman I, Vitols S, Tomson T. Lamotrigine in pregnancy: pharmacokinetics during delivery, in the neonate, and during lactation. Epilepsia 2000;41:709-13.
35. Hagg S, Spigset O. Anticonvulsant use during lactation. Drug Saf 2000;22:425-40.
36. Harden CL. Menopause and bone density issues for women with epilepsy. Neurology 2003;61(Suppl 2): S16-22.
37. Wide K, Winbladh B, Kallen B. Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with emphasis on carbamazepine and valproic acid: a nation-wide, population-based register study. Acta Paediatrica 2004;93:174-6.
38. Canger R, Battino D, Canevini MP, et al. Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study. Epilepsia 1999;40:1231-6.
39. Kaaja E, Kaaja R, Hiilesmaa V. Major malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy. Neurology 2003;60:575-9.
40. Samren EB, van Duijn CM, Christiaens GC, et al. Antiepileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring. Ann Neurol 1999;46:739-46.