Method validation for the simultaneous determination of fecal sterols in surface waters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Journal of Chromatographic Science

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 70-76

  Szucs, Sándor ^a   Sárváry, Attila ^a   Cain, Terry ^b   Ádány, Róza ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN   (Hungary)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33744758654     PISSN: 00219665     EISSN: 00219665     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/44.2.70     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, vol. 1, 2nd ed. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996, pp. 8-14.
2. J. Bartram, N. Thyssen, A. Gowers, K. Pond, and T. Lack, Eds. Water and Health in Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 93, WHO, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002, pp. 52-56.
3. D.A. Okun. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 13th ed., J.M. Last and R.B. Wallace, Eds. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT, 1992, pp. 619-48.
4. J. Bartram, N. Thyssen, A. Gowers, K. Pond, and T. Lack, Eds. Water and Health in Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 93, WHO, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002, pp. 198-199.
5. L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg, and R.R. Trussell, Eds. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th ed. APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Washington, D.C., 1989, pp. 1-208.
6. World Health Organisation. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, vol. 1, 2nd ed. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996, pp. 14-29.
7. B.J. Dutka, A.S.Y. Chau, and J. Coburn. Relationship between bacterial indicators of water pollution and fecal steroids. Water. Res. 8: 1047-55 (1974).
8. G. McFetters, J.S. Kippin, and M.V. LeChevallier. Injured coliforms in drinking water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51: 1-5 (1986).
9. W.M. Rhodes and H. Kator. Survival of Escherichia coli in estuarine environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 2902-2907 (1988).
10. D. Kay and A. MacDonald. Reduction of coliform bacteria in two upland reservoirs: The significance of distance decay relationship. Water. Res. 14: 305-18 (1980).
11. V.J. Cabelli, A.P. Dufour, L.J. McCabe, and M.A. Levin. A marine recreational water quality criterion consistent with indicator concepts and risk analysis. Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 55: 259-65 (1983).
12. Y. Miyabara, N. Sugaya, J. Suzuki, and S. Suzuki. Estimation of urobilin as a fecal pollution indicator in the aquatic environment. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 53: 77-84 (1994).
13. M.M. Elhmmali, D.J. Roberts, and R.P. Evershed. Bile acids as a new class of sewage pollution indicator. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 3663-68 (1997).
14. J.J. Murtaugh and R.L. Bunch. Sterols as a measure of fecal pollution. J. Water Pollut. Control. Fed. 39: 404-409 (1967).
15. R. Leeming, A. Ball, N. Ashbolt, G. Jones, and P.D. Nicols. Distinguishing between human and animal sources of fecal pollution. Chem. Aust. 61: 434-35 (1994).
16. T.T. Troung, P.J. Marriott, N.A. Porter, and R. Leeming. Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to the quantification of overlapping fecal sterols. J. Chromatogr. A 1019: 197-210 (2003).
17. J.P. Hasset and G.F. Lee. Sterols in natural waters and sediments. Wat. Res. 11: 983-89 (1977).
18. P.G. Hatcher and P.A. McGillivary. Sewage contamination in the New York Bight. Coprostanol as an indicator. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13: 1225-29 (1979).
19. P.D. Bartlett. Degradation of coprostanol in an experimental system. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 18: 27-29 (1987).
20. I.M. Venkatesan and I.R. Kaplan. Sedimentary coprostanol as an index of sewage addition in Santa Monica Basin, Southern California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24: 208-14 (1990).
21. H.J. Eyssen, G.G. Parmentier, F.C. Compernolle, G. De Pauw, and M. Piessens-Denef. Biohyderogenation of sterols by Eubacterium ATCC 21,408-Nova species. Eur. J. Biochem. 36: 411-21 (1973).
22. A.H. Lichtenstein. Intestinal cholesterol metabolism. Ann. Med. 22: 49-52 (1990).
23. R. Leeming, A. Ball, N. Ashbolt, and P. Nichols. Using fecal sterols from human and animals to distinguish fecal pollution in receiving waters. Water Res. 30: 2893-2900 (1996).
24. I. Supriham, H. Fallowfield, R. Bentham, and N. Cromar. Determination of fecal pollutants in Torrens and Patawalonga catchment waters in South Australia using fecal sterols. Water Sci. Technol. 47: 283-89 (2003).
25. K.A. Hughes and A. Thompson. Distribution of sewage pollution around a maritime Antarctic research station indicated by fecal coliforms, clostridium perfringens and fecal sterol markers. Environ. Pollut. 127: 315-21 (2004).
26. R.S. Carreira, A.L.R. Wagener, and J.W. Readman. Sterols as markers of sewage contamination in a tropical urban estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil): space-time variations. Esuart. Coast. Shelf S. 60: 587-98 (2004).
27. D. Nash, R. Leeming, L. Clemow, M. Hannah, D. Halliwell, and D. Allen. Quantitative determination of sterols and other alcohols in overland flow from grazing land and possible source materials. Water Res. 39: 2964-78 (2005).
28. P.D. Nichols, R. Leeming, M.S. Rayner, and V. Latham. Use of capillary gas chromatography for measuring fecal-derived sterols application to stormwater, the sea-surface microlayer, beach greases, regional studies, and distinguishing algal blooms and human and non-human sources of sewage pollution. J. Chromatogr. A 733: 497-509 (1996).
29. E. Börjesson, A. Sundin, R. Leeming, and L. Torstensson. New method for determination of fecal sterols in urine using non-chlorinated solvents. J. Chromatogr. B 713: 438-42 (1998).
30. A.K. Batta, G. Salen, P. Batta, G.S. Tint, D.S. Alberts, and D.L. Earnest. Simultaneous quantitation of fatty acids, sterols and bile acids in human stool by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 775: 153-61 (2002).
31. L.Y. Jayasinghe, P.J. Marriott, P.D. Carpenter, and P.D. Nichols. Application of pentafluorophenyldimethylsilyl derivatization for gas chromatography-electron-capture detection of supercritically extracted sterols. J. Chromatogr. A 809: 109-20 (1998).
32. L.M. Churchland, G. Kan, and A. Ages. Variation in fecal pollution indicators through tidal cycles in the Fraser River estuary. Can. J. Microbiol. 28: 239-47 (1982).
33. P.D. Nichols, R. Leeming, M.S. Rayner, V. Latham, N.J. Ashbolt, and C. Turner. Comparison of the abundance of the fecal sterol coprostanol and fecal bacterial groups in inner-shelf waters and sediments near Sydney, Australia. J. Chromatogr. 643: 189-95 (1993).
34. J. Laureillard and A. Saliot. Biomarkers in organic matter produced in estuaries: a case study of the Krka estuary (Adriatic Sea) using the sterol marker series. Mar. Chem. 43: 247-61 (1993).
35. R. Leeming and P.D. Nichols. Concentrations of coprostanol that correspond to existing bacterial indicator guideline limits. Water Res. 30: 2997-3006 (1996).
36. D.D. Edwards, G.A. McFeters, and M.I. Venkatesan. Distribution of Clostridium perfringens and fecal sterols in a benthic coastal marine environment influenced by the sewage outfall from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2596-2600 (1998).
37. R. Chaler, B.R. Simoneit, and J.O. Grimalt. Bile acids and sterols in urban sewage treatment plants. J. Chromatogr. A 927: 155-60 (2001).
38. K.O. Isobe, M. Tarao, M.P. Zakaria, N.H. Chiem, Y. Minh le, and H. Takada. Quantitative application of fecal sterols using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate fecal pollution in tropical waters: western Malaysia and Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36: 4497-4507 (2002).
39. L. Huber, Ed. Good Laboratory Practice and Current Good Manufacturing Practice. Publication No. 12-5963-2115E, Hewlett-Packard, Boeblingen, Germany, 1994, pp 51-62.
40. Hewlett-Packard Company. Chemical Analysis Consumables and Accessories. HP, Palo Alto, CA, 1998/1999, p. 219.