Childhood physical abuse and differential development of paranormal belief systems

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 194, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 349-355

  Perkins, Stefanie L ^a   Allen, Rhiannon ^b  

^a NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Childhood trauma; Paranormal beliefs; Personal control; Physical abuse

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PSYCHOTRAUMA; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; RELIGION; SOCIAL BELIEF; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STRESS; SUPERSTITION; UNIVERSITY STUDENT; WITCHCRAFT; ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; AGE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PARAPSYCHOLOGY; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOMETRY; SELF CONCEPT; STATISTICS;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PARAPSYCHOLOGY; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY; SELF EFFICACY; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUPERSTITIONS; WITCHCRAFT;

EID: 33744546887     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000217832.85665.c5     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alcock JE, Otis LP (1980) Critical thinking and belief in the paranormal. Psychol Rep. 46:479-482.
2. Bartholomew RE, Basterfield K, Howard GS (1991) UFO abductees and contactees: Psychopathology or fantasy-proneness? Prof Psychol Res Pract. 22:215-222.
3. Bates C, Stevens D (1989) Illusion and well-being: Toward a new agenda for mental health. J Couns Dev. 67:590-591.
4. Becker E (1973) The Denial of Death. New York: Free Press.
5. Beck R, Miller JP (2001) Erosion of belief and disbelief: Effects of religiosity and negative affect on beliefs in the paranormal and supernatural. J Soc Psychol. 141:277-287.
6. Berger AM, Knutson JF (1984) Assessing Environments III. Unpublished scale.
7. Berger AM, Knutson JF (1990) The Assessing Environments III: A Questionnaire for Assessing Punitive and Abuse-Related Childhood Histories. Unpublished manuscript.
8. Berger AM, Knutson JF, Mehm JG, Perkins KA (1988) The self-report of punitive childhood experiences of young adults and adolescents. Child Abuse Neglect. 12:251-262.
9. Blackmore S, Troscianko T (1985) Belief in the paranormal: Probability judgments, illusory control and the "chance baseline shift". Br J Psychol. 76:459-468.
10. Bobrow RS (2003) Paranormal phenomena in the medical literature: Sufficient smoke to warrant a search for fire. Med Hypotheses. 60:864-868.
11. Brugger P, Gamma A, Muri R, Schafer M, Taylor KI (1993) Functional hemispheric asymmetry and belief in ESP: Towards a "neuropsychology of belief". Percept Mot skills. 77:1299-1308.
12. Brugger P, Regard M, Landis T (1991) Belief in extrasensory perception and illusory control: A replication. J Psychol. 125:501-502.
13. Cermak TL, Rosenfeld AA (1987) Therapeutic considerations with adult children of alcoholics. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 6:17-32.
14. Davies MF, Kirkby HE (1985) Multidimensionality of the relationship between perceived control and belief in the paranormal: Spheres of control and types of paranormal phenomena. Pers Individ Diff. 6:661-663.
15. Desmangles LG (1992) The Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman Catholicism in Haiti. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
16. Dudley RT (1999) The effect of superstitious belief on performance following an unsolvable problem. Pers Indiv Diff. 26:1057-1064.
17. Eckblad M, Chapman LJ (1983) Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 51:215-225.
18. Frazier K (1984) Gallup Youth Poll finds huge belief in ESP, astrology. Skeptical Inquirer. 9:113-115.
19. Freud, S (1933). Dreams and occultism. In J Strachey (Ed and Trans), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol 22, pp 31-56). London: Hogarth Press.
20. Freud, S (1964/1927) The Future of an Illusion. New York: Anchor Books.
21. Gana K, Alaphilippe D, Bailly N (2004) Positive illusions and mental and physical health in later life. Aging Ment Health. 8:58-64.
22. Goulding A, Parker A (2001) Finding psi in the paranormal: Psychometric measures used in research on paranormal beliefs/experiences and in research on psi ability. Eur J Parapsychol. 16:73-101.
23. Gray T, Mill D (1990) Critical abilities, graduate education (Biology vs. English) and belief in unsubstantiated phenomena. Can J Behav Sci. 22:162-172.
24. Greyson B (1977) Telepathy in mental illness: Deluge or delusion? J Nerv Ment Dis. 165:184-200.
25. Grimmer MR, White KD (1989) The structure of paranormal beliefs among Australian psychology students. J Psychol. 124:357-370.
26. Hartman SE (1999) Another view of the paranormal belief scale. J Parapsychol. 63:131-141.
27. Hemmings S, Irwin HJ (1993) Tendency toward controlling behavior in adult children of problem drinkers: An experimental study. Psychol Rep. 72:691-700.
28. Higgins DJ, McCabe MP (2001) Multiple forms of childhood abuse and neglect: Adult retrospective reports. Aggress Violent Behav. 6:547-578.
29. Houran J, Lange R (2001) Support for the construct validity of the two-factor conceptualization of paranormal belief: A complement to Thalbourne. Eur J Parapsychol. 16:53-61.
30. Irwin HJ (1992) Origins and functions of paranormal belief: The role of childhood trauma and interpersonal control. J Am Soc Psychical Res. 86:199-208.
31. Irwin HJ (1993) Belief in the paranormal: A review of the empirical literature. J Am Soc Psychical Res. 87:1-39.
32. Irwin HJ (1994) Childhood trauma and the origins of paranormal belief: A constructive replication. Psychol Rep. 74:107-111.
33. Irwin HJ (2003) paranormal beliefs and the maintenance of assumptive world views. J Soc Psychical Res. 67:18-25.
34. Irwin HJ (2004) Reality testing and the formation of paranormal beliefs: A constructive replication. J Soc Psychical Res. 68:143-152.
35. James W (1901/1958) The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York: Penguin.
36. Jeffers FC, Nichols CR, Eisdorfer C (1961) Attitudes of older persons toward death. J Gerontol. 16:53-56.
37. Jung CG (1928) Contributions to Analytical Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.
38. Jung, CG (1957) Psychology and religion: West and East. In Collected Works (Vol 8). Princeton (NJ): Bollingen Foundation.
39. Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Prescott CA (1997) Religion, psychopathology and substance use and abuse: A multimeasure, genetic-epidemiologic study. Am J Psychiatry. 154:322-329.
40. Khan KK (2003) Isms and schisms: Interpreting religion in the Americas. Anthropol Q. 76:761-774.
41. Knutson JF, Bower ME (1994) Physically abusive parenting as an escalated aggressive response. In M Potegal, JF Knutson (Eds), The Dynamics of Agression (pp 195-225). Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
42. Knutson JF, Selner MB (1994) Punitive childhood experiences reported by young adults over a 10-year period. Child Abuse Neglect. 18:155-166.
43. Lange R, Irwin HJ, Houran J (2000) Top-down purification of Tobacyk's Revised Paranormal Belief Scale. Pers Individ Diff. 29:139-156.
44. Larson DB, Larson SS (1991) Religious commitment and health: Valuing the relationship. Health Faith Ethics. 17:26-40.
45. Lawrence TR (1995) Moving on from the Paranormal Belief Scale: A final reply to Tobacyk. J Parapsychol. 59:131-140.
46. Lawrence TR, Edwards C, Barraclough N, Church S, Hetherington F (1995) Modelling childhood causes of paranormal belief and experience: Childhood trauma and childhood fantasy. Pers Individ Diff. 19:209-215.
47. Lester D (1993) Notes and shorter communications: Paranormal beliefs and psychoticism. Pers Individ Diff. 14:739.
48. Levin JS, Wickramasekera IE, Hirshberg C (1998) Is religiousness a correlate of absorption? Implications for psychophysiology, coping and morbidity. Alt Ther. 4:72-76.
49. Martin DJ, Abramson LY, Alloy LB (1984) Illusion of control for self and others in depressed and nondepressed college students. J Pers Soc Psychol. 46:125-136.
50. Maton KI (1989) The stress-buffering role of spiritual support: Cross-sectional and prospective investigations. J Sci Stud Relig. 28:310-323.
51. Miller KS, Knutson JF (1997) Reports of severe physical punishment and exposure to animal cruelty by inmates convicted of felonies and by university students. Child Abuse Neglect. 21:59-82.
52. Musch J, Ehrenberg K (2002) Probability misjudgment, cognitive ability and belief in the paranormal. Br J Psychol. 93:169-177.
53. Myers DG (1995) Psychology (4th ed). New York: Worth.
54. Myers HJ, Austrin HR, Grisso JT, Nickeson RC (1983) Personality characteristics as related to the out-of-body experience. J Parapsychol. 47:131-144.
55. Newport F, Strausberg M (2001) Americans' Belief in Psychic and Paranormal Phenomena Is Up Over Last Decade. Princeton: Gallup News Service.
56. Pascal B (1973/1960) Pensees. London: Penguin Classics.
57. Roe CA (1999) Critical thinking and belief in the paranormal: A reevaluation. Br J Psychol. 90:85-98.
58. Ross CA, Joshi S (1992) Paranormal experiences in the general population. J Nerv Ment Dis. 180:357-361.
59. Royalty J (1995) The generalizability of critical thinking: Paranormal beliefs versus statistical reasoning. J Genet Psychol. 156:477-488.
60. Rudski J (2002) Hindsight and confirmation bias in an exercise in telepathy. Psychol Rep. 91:899-906.
61. Schumaker JF (1987) Mental health, belief deficit compensation and paranormal beliefs. J Psychol. 121:451-457.
62. Schumaker JF (1990) Wings of Illusion: The Origin, Nature and Future of Paranormal Belief. New York: Prometheus: Buffalo, NY.
63. Sjoberg L, Wahlberg A (2002) Risk perception and new age beliefs. Risk Anal. 22:751-764.
64. Spanos NP, Cross PA, Dickson K, DuBreuil SC (1993) Close encounters: An examination of UFO experiences. J Abnorm Psychol. 102:624-632.
65. SPSS for Windows, Rel. 12 (2003) Chicago: SPSS Inc.
66. Svensen SG, White KD, Caird D (1992) Replications and resolutions: Dualistic belief, personality, religiosity and paranormal belief in Australian students. J Psychol. 126:445-447.
67. Taylor SE, Brown JD (1988) Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychol Bull. 103:193-210.
68. Thalbourne MA (1994) Belief in the paranormal and its relationship to schizophrenia-relevant measures: A confirmatory study. Br J Clin Psychol. 33:78-80.
69. Thalbourne MA (1995) Further studies of the measurement and correlates of belief in the paranormal. J Am Soc Psychical Res. 89:233-347.
70. Thalbourne MA, Haraldsson E (1980) Personality characteristics of sheep and goats. Pers Individ Diff. 1:180-185.
71. Thalbourne MA, Dunbar KA, Delin PS (1995) An investigation into correlates of belief in the paranormal. J Am Soc Psychical Res. 89:215-230.
72. Tobacyk JJ (1988) A Revised Paranormal Belief Scale. Unpublished manuscript.
73. Tobacyk JJ, Milford G (1983) Belief in paranormal phenomena: Assessment instrument development and implications for personality functioning. J Pers Soc Psychol. 44:1029-1037.
74. Tobacyk JJ, Mitchell TE (1987a) Out-of-body experience status as a moderator of effects of narcissism on paranormal beliefs. Psychol Rep. 60:440-442.
75. Tobacyk JJ, Mitchell TE (1987b) The out-of-body experience and personality adjustment. J Nerv Ment Dis. 175:367-370.
76. Tobacyk JJ, Nagot E, Miller M (1988) Paranormal beliefs and locus of control: A multidimensional examination. J Pers Assess. 52:241-246.
77. Tobacyk JJ, Shrader D (1991) Superstition and self-efficacy. Psychol Rep. 68:1387-1388.
78. Tobacyk JJ, Wilkinson LV (1991) Paranormal beliefs and preference for games of chance. Psychol Rep. 68:1088-1090.
79. Willging BT, Lester D (1997) Paranormal beliefs and personality scores of high school students. Percept Mot Skills. 85:938.
80. Wiseman R, Smith MD (2002) Assessing the role of cognitive and motivational biases in belief in the paranormal. J Soc Psychical Res. 66:157-166.
81. Wolfradt U (1997) Dissociative experiences, trait anxiety and paranormal beliefs. Pers Individ Diff. 23:15-19.
82. Zaidi LY, Knutson JF, Mehm JG (1989) Transgenerational patterns of abusive parenting: Analog and clinical tests. Aggress Behav. 15:137-152.