Are members of low status groups perceived as bad, or badly off? Egalitarian negative associations and automatic prejudice

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 491-499

  Uhlmann, Eric Luis ^a   Brescoll, Victoria L ^a   Paluck, Elizabeth Levy ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Automatic attitudes; Implicit attitudes; Implicit measures; Prejudice

Indexed keywords

EID: 33744542017     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2004.10.003     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Arkes H.R., and Tetlock P.E. Attributions of implicit prejudice, or "Would Jesse Jackson 'fail' the Implicit Association Test?". Psychological Inquiry 15 (2004) 257-279
2. Banaji M., Nosek B., and Greenwald A. No place for nostalgia in science: a response to Arkes and Tetlock. Psychological Inquiry 15 (2004) 279-289
3. Cunningham W.A., Preacher K.J., and Banaji M.R. Implicit attitude measures: consistency, stability, and convergent validity. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 163-170
4. Dasgupta N., McGhee D.E., Greenwald A.G., and Banaji M.R. Automatic preference for White Americans: ruling out the familiarity explanation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36 (2000) 316-328
5. Dovidio J.F., Kawakami K., Johnson C., Johnson B., and Howard A. On the nature of prejudice: automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 33 (1997) 510-540
6. Fazio R., Jackson J., Dunton B., and Williams C. Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: a bona fide pipeline?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 1013-1027
7. Fazio R.H., Sanbonmatsu D.M., Powell M.C., and Kardes F.R. On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986) 229-238
8. Fazio R.H. Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: the MODE model as an integrative framework. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 23 (1990), Academic Press, New York 75-109
9. Florak A., Scarabis M., and Bless H. When do associations matter?: the use of implicit associations toward ethnic groups in person judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 37 (2001) 518-524
10. Gaertner S.L., and Dovidio J.F. The aversive form of racism. In: Dovidio J.F., and Gaertner S.L. (Eds). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (1986), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 61-89
11. Gawronski B., Ehrenberg K., Banse R., Zukova J., and Klaur K.C. It's in the mind of the beholder: individual differences in associative strength moderate category based and individuating impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39 (2003) 16-30
12. Gawronski B., Geschke D., and Banse R. Implicit bias in impression formation: associations influence the construal of individuating information. European Journal of Social Psychology 33 (2003) 573-589
13. Glaser, J. (1999). The relation between stereotypes and prejudice: a brief history and evidence from newly formed automatic associations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University.
14. Gilbert D.T., Tafarodi R.W., and Malone P.S. You can't not believe everything you read. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 221-233
15. Greenwald A.G., and Banaji M.R. Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review 102 (1995) 4-27
16. Greenwald A.G., McGhee D.E., and Schwartz J.L.K. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 1464-1480
17. Greenwald A.G., Banaji M.R., Rudman L.A., Farnham S.D., Nosek B.A., and Mellott D.S. A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Psychological Review 109 (2002) 3-25
18. Hugenberg K., and Bodenhausen G.V. Ambiguity in social categorization: the role of prejudice and facial affect in race categorization. Psychological Science 15 (2004) 342-345
19. Hugenberg K., and Bodenhausen G.V. Facing prejudice: implicit prejudice and the perception of facial threat. Psychological Science 14 (2003) 640-643
20. Jost J.T., and Banaji M.R. The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology 33 (1994) 1-27
21. Karpinski A., and Hilton J.L. Attitudes and the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 774-788
22. Kruglanski A.W., and Webster D.M. Motivated closing of the mind: "seizing" and "freezing". " Psychological Review 103 (1996) 263-283
23. McConnell A.R., and Liebold J.M. Relations among the Implicit Association Test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 37 (2001) 435-442
24. Nosek B.A., and Banaji M.R. The Go/No-go Association Task. Social Cognition 19 (2001) 625-666
25. Nosek B.A., Banaji M.R., and Greenwald A.G. Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration website. Group Dynamics 6 (2002) 101-115
26. Nosek, B.A. (2002). Moderators of implicit-explicit correspondence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University.
27. Olson M.A., and Fazio R.H. Implicit attitude formation through classical conditioning. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 413-417
28. Olson M.A., and Fazio R.H. Reducing the influence of extra-personal associations on the Implicit Association Test: personalizing the IAT. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 653-667
29. Pizarro D. Nothing more than feelings? The role of emotions in moral judgment. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 30 (2000) 355-375
30. Poehlman, T.A., Uhlmann, E., Greenwald, A.G., & Banaji, M.R. (2006). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: 3. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Manuscript under review.
31. Rudman L.A., and Glick P. Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women. Journal of Social Issues 57 (2001) 743-762
32. Schachter S., and Singer J. Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review 69 (1962) 379-399
33. Sears D. Symbolic racism. In: Katz P., and Taylor D. (Eds). Eliminating racism: Profiles in controversy (1988), Plenum, New York 53-84
34. Shah J.Y., Kruglanski A.W., and Thompson E.P. Membership has its (epistemic) rewards: need for closure effects on in-group bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 383-393
35. Sidanius J., and Pratto F. Social dominance: an intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression (1999), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
36. van Knippenberg A., Dijksterhuis A., and Vermeulen D. Judgement and memory of a criminal act: the effects of stereotypes and cognitive load. European Journal of Social Psychology 29 (1999) 191-201
37. Wittenbrink B., Judd C.M., and Park B. Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (1997) 262-274