Transport properties of collision-dominated dilute perfect gas mixtures at low pressures and high temperatures

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 38-83

  Bottin, B ^a,b   Vanden Abeele, D ^b   Magin, Th E ^b   Rini, P ^b,c  

^a Institut Superieur Industriel   (Belgium)

^b VON KARMAN INSTITUTE FOR FLUID DYNAMICS   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENTHALPY; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; KINETIC THEORY; NUMERICAL METHODS; SPACE FLIGHT; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

COLLISION; GAS MIXTURES; KINETIC THEORY ANALYSIS;

MIXED GAS FUELS;

EID: 33744520108     PISSN: 03760421     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2006.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (154)

1. Penner S.S. Chemistry problems in jet propulsion (1957), Pergamon Press, London
2. Scherrer D. Combustion chamber. In: Aero-engine design: a state of the art (VKI LS 2003-06). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 2003.
3. Scherrer D. Supersonic combustion. In: High-speed propulsion (VKI LS 1998-01). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 1998.
4. Hankey W.L. Re-entry aerodynamics (1988), AIAA Education Series, Washington, DC
5. Sarma G.S.R. Physico-chemical modelling in hypersonic flow simulation. Prog Aerosp Sci 36 3-4 (2000) 281-349
6. Auweter-Kurtz M., Kurtz H.L., and Laure S. Plasma generators for re-entry simulation. J Propul Power 12 6 (1996) 1053-1061
7. Crawford R. Aerodynamic and aerothermal facilities 2, part 2. In: Methodology of hypersonic testing (VKI LS 1993-03). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 1993.
8. Bottin B, et al. The VKI plasmatron characteristics and performance. In: Measurement techniques for high-enthalpy and plasma flows. RTO Educational Notes, vol. 8. RTO; 2000.
9. Sawley M.L., and Wuthrich S. On the influence of the choice of transport and chemical models for non-equilibrium hypersonic flow simulations. Int J CFD 4 1-2 (1995) 87-110
10. Bertin J.J. Hypersonic aerothermodynamics (1994), AIAA Education Series, Washington, DC
11. Anderson Jr. J.D. Hypersonics and high-temperature gas dynamics (1989), McGraw-Hill, New York
12. Sarma GSR. General introduction. In: Aerothermochemistry for hypersonic technology (VKI LS 1995-04). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 1995.
13. Park C. Experimental simulation and evaluation of chemical effects. In: Aerothermochemistry for hypersonic technology (VKI LS 1995-04). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 1995.
14. Kolesnikov AF. The aerothermodynamic simulation in sub- and supersonic high-enthalpy jets, experiment and theory. ESA SP-367, ESA; 1994.
15. Vincenti W.G., and Kruger C.H. Introduction to physical gas dynamics (1965), Wiley, New York
16. Candler G. Chemistry of external flows. In: Aerothermochemistry for hypersonic technology (VKI LS 1995-04). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 1995.
17. Bottin B. Thermodynamic properties of arbitrary perfect gas mixtures at low pressures and high temperatures. Prog Aerosp Sci 36 7 (2000) 547-579
18. Gupta R, et al. A review of reaction rates and thermodynamic properties for an 11-species air model for chemical and thermal nonequilibrium calculations to 30000 K. Report RP 1232, NASA; 1990.
19. Park C. Nonequilibrium hypersonic aerothermodynamics (1990), Wiley, New York
20. Park C. Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions, 1. Earth entries. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 7 3 (1993) 385-398
21. Bird GA. Nonequilibrium radiation during reentry at 10 km/s. Paper 87-1543, AIAA; 1987.
22. Boulos MI, Fauchais P, Pfender E. Thermal plasmas, fundamentals and applications, vol. 1. New York: Plenum Press; 1994.
23. Dryer FL, Westbrook CK. Chemical kinetic modelling for combustion applications. Conference proceedings CP-275, AGARD; 1980.
24. Chadrasekar R, Tiwari SN. Thermochemical nonequilibrium and radiative interactions in supersonic hydrogen-air combustion. Paper 92-0340, AIAA; 1992.
25. Billig FS. Thermochemistry issues in the design of high-speed propulsion systems. In: Aerothermochemistry for hypersonic technology (VKI LS 1995-04). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 1995.
26. Sangiovanni J.J., et al. Role of hydrogen/air chemistry in nozzle performance for a hypersonic propulsion system. J Propul Power 9 1 (1993) 134-138
27. Park C., et al. Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions, 2. Mars entries. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 8 1 (1994) 9-23
28. Ramshaw J.D. Self-consistent effective binary diffusion in multicomponent gas mixtures. J Non-Equilibrium Thermodyn 15 3 (1990) 295-300
29. Barbante PF. Accurate and efficient modelling of high-temperature nonequilibrium air flows. PhD thesis, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics; 2001.
30. Butler J.N., and Brokaw R.S. Thermal conductivity of gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium. J Chem Phys 26 6 (1957) 1636-1643
31. Brokaw R.S. Thermal conductivity of gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium 2. J Chem Phys 32 4 (1960) 1005-1006
32. 2 stagnation line flows with catalyzed surface reactions. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 14 1 (2003) 114-121
33. Rini P., and Degrez G. Elemental demixing along both air and carbon dioxide stagnation line flows. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 18 4 (2004) 511-518
34. Ramshaw J.D., and Chang C.H. Ambipolar diffusion in two-temperature multicomponent plasmas. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 13 3 (1993) 489-498
35. Bottin B., Vanden Abeele D., Carbonaro M., Degrez G., and Sarma G.S.R. Thermodynamic and transport properties for inductive plasma modeling. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 13 3 (1999) 343-350
36. Bottin B. Aerothermodynamic model of an inductively-coupled plasma wind tunnel. PhD thesis, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics; 1999.
37. Vanden Abeele D. An efficient computational model for inductively coupled air plasma flows under thermal and chemical non-equilibrium. PhD thesis, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics; 2000.
38. Magin T.E., and Degrez G. Transport algorithms for partially ionized and unmagnetized plasmas. J Comput Phys 198 2 (2004) 424-449
39. Magin TE. A model for inductive plasma wind tunnels. PhD thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles and von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics; 2004.
40. Ern A., and Giovangigli V. Multicomponent transport algorithms (1994), Springer, Berlin
41. Hirschfelder JO, Curtiss CF, Bird RB. Molecular theory of gases and liquids. New York, London: Wiley; 1954, 1964 [second printing, corrected, with notes added].
42. Ferziger J.H., and Kaper H.G. Mathematical theory of transport processes in gases (1972), North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, London
43. Copeland D.A. New approximate formulas for viscosity and thermal conductivity of dilute gas mixtures. AIAA J 41 3 (2003) 525-537
44. Palmer G.E., and Wright M.J. Comparisons of methods to compute high-temperature gas viscosity. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 17 2 (2003) 232-239
45. Alonso M., and Finn J.E. Fundamental university physics (1983), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
46. Chapman S, Cowling TG. The mathematical theory of non-uniform gases, 2nd ed. Cambridge: University Press; 1939, 1960.
47. Mitchner M., and Kruger C.H. Partially ionized gases (1973), Wiley, New York
48. White F.M. Viscous fluid flow (1974), Mc-Graw Hill, New York
49. Brower Jr. W.B. A primer in fluid mechanics: dynamics of flows in one space dimension (1999), CRC Press, Boca Raton
50. Truitt R.W. Fundamentals of aerodynamic heating (1960), Ronald Press Company, New York
51. Eucken E. Ueber das Wärmeleitvermogen die, spezifische Wäarme une die innere Reibung der Gase. Phys Z 14 (1913) 324-332
52. Monchick L., and Mason E.A. Free-flight theory of gas mixtures. Phys. Fluids 10 7 (1967) 1377-1390
53. Goedbloed J.P., and Poedts S. Principles of magnetohydrodynamics with applications to laboratory and astrophysical plasmas (2004), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
54. Giovangigli V. Multicomponent flow modeling (1999), Birkhaüser, Basel
55. Delcroix JL, Bers A. Physique des plasmas, vols. 1, 2, Inter Éditions, CNRS Éditions, Paris; 1994 [in French].
56. Andrenucci M. Mfd technologies for space propulsion applications. In: Introduction to magneto-fluid-dynamics for aerospace applications (VKI LS 2004-01). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; 2003.
57. Brush SG. The nature of gases and of heat. Kinetic theory, vol. 1. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1965.
58. Brush SG. Irreversible processes. Kinetic theory, vol. 2. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1966.
59. Brush SG. The Chapman-Enskog solution of the transport equation for moderately dense gases. Kinetic theory, vol. 3. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1972.
60. Zhdanov V.M. Transport processes in multicomponent plasma (2002), Taylor and Francis, London
61. Zhdanov V.M., and Tirskyi G.A. The use of the moment method to derive the gas and plasma transport equations with transport coefficients in higher-order approximations. J Appl Math Mech 67 3 (2003) 365-388
62. Lorentz HA. The motion of electrons in metallic bodies. Proc Sect Sci Kon Akad Welt Amsterdam 1905;7:438-53, 585-93, 684-91.
63. Devoto R.S. Transport properties of ionized monoatomic gases. Phys Fluids 9 6 (1966) 1230-1240
64. Devoto R.S. Simplified expressions for the transport properties of ionized monoatomic gases. Phys Fluids 10 10 (1967) 2105-2112
65. Balescu R. Transport processes in plasmas, vols. 1, 2. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1988.
66. Kruger C.H., and Mitchner M. Kinetic theory of two-temperature plasmas. Phys Fluids 10 9 (1967) 1953-1961
67. Kruger C.H., Mitchner M., and Daybelge U. Transport properties of MHD-generator plasmas. AIAA J 6 9 (1968) 1712-1723
68. Daybelge U. Unified transport properties of partially ionized nonisothermal plasmas. J Appl Phys 41 5 (1970) 2130-2139
69. Chmieleski R.M., and Ferziger J.H. Transport properties of a nonequilibrium partially ionized gas. Phys Fluids 10 2 (1967) 364-371
70. Chmieleski R.M., and Ferziger J.H. Transport properties of a nonequilibrium partially ionized gas in a magnetic field. Phys Fluids 10 12 (1967) 2520-2530
71. Kolesnikov A.F., and Tirskyi G.A. Stefan-Maxwell relations and heat transfer in electro-magnetic fields. Fluid Dyn 4 (1984) 148-154 [translated from Russian]
72. Kolesnikov AF. The equations of motion of a multicomponent partially ionized two-temperature mixture of gases in an electromagnetic field with transport coefficients in higher approximations. Technical Report 1556, Moscow: Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University; March 1974 [in Russian].
73. Kolesnikov AF. Stefan-Maxwell relations for multicomponent ambipolar diffusion and thermal-baro diffusion effects in two-temperature plasmas. In: 31st Plasmadynamics and lasers conference, Denver, Colorado, AIAA 2000-2570; June 2000.
74. Kolesnikov AF. General formulation of the multicomponent plasma transport equations. In: Physico-chemical models for high enthalpy and plasma flows (VKI LS 2002-07). Belgium: Rhode-Saint-Genèse; June 2002.
75. Petit J.P., and Darrozes J.S. Une nouvelle formulation du mouvement d'un gaz ionisé dans un régime dominé par les collisions. J Mécan 14 4 (1975) 745-759 [in French]
76. Degond P., and Lucquin-Desreux B. Transport coefficients of plasmas and disparate mass binary gases. Transp Theory Stat Phys 25 (1996) 595-633
77. Kustova E.V., and Nagnibeda E.A. Strong non-equilibrium effects on specific heats and thermal conductivity. Chem Phys 208 3 (1996) 313-329
78. Bruno D., Capitelli M., Cervellera V., Longo S., Kustova E.V., and Nagnibeda E.A. Calculation of transport coefficients with vibrational nonequilibrium. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 15 1 (2001) 70-75
79. Magin T.E., and Degrez G. Transport properties of partially ionized and unmagnetized plasmas. Phys Rev E 70 4 (2004) 046412
80. Kolesnikov A.F., and Tirskiy G.A. Equations of hydrodynamics for partially ionized multicomponent mixtures of gases, employing higher approximations of transport transfer coefficients. Fluid Mech Sov Res 13 4 (1984) 70-97
81. Kolesnikov AF, Tirskyi GA. Models in mechanics of continuum media, chapter Hydrodynamics and transport equations for ionized two-temperature gas mixtures. In: Models in mechanics of continuum media. Novosibirsk: The Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM); 1979. p. 114-34 [in Russian].
82. Kolesnikov AF, Tirskyi GA. Equations of hydrodynamics for partially ionized multi-component mixtures of gases, employing higher approximations of transport coefficients. Mol Gasdyn 1982; 20-44 [in Russian].
83. deGroot S.R., and Mazur P. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics (1962), North-Holland, Amsterdam
84. Sutherland W. The viscosity of gases and molecular force. Philos Mag S5 36 (1893) 507-531
85. Lennard-Jones J.E. On the determination of molecular fields ii. From the equation of state of a gas. Proc Roy Soc A 106 (1924) 473-477
86. Capitelli M., Gorse C., Longo S., and Giordano D. Collision integrals of high-temperature air species. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 14 2 (2000) 259-268
87. Murphy A.B., and Arundell C.J. Transport coefficients of argon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon-nitrogen and argon-oxygen plasmas. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 14 4 (1994) 451-490
88. Park C., Jaffe R.L., and Candler G.V. Chemical-kinetic parameters of hyperbolic Earth entry. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 15 1 (2001) 76-90
89. Klein M., and Smith J. Table of collision integrals for the (m,6) potential function for 10 values of m. J Res Natl Bur Stand A. Phys Chem 72A 4 (1968) 359-423
90. Johnston CW. Transport and equilibrium in molecular plasmas: the sulphur lamp. PhD thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; 2003.
91. Monchick L. Collision integrals for the exponential-repulsive potential. Phys Fluids 2 6 (1959) 695-700
92. Mason E.A., Munn R.J., and Smith F.J. Transport coefficients of ionized gases. Phys Fluids 10 8 (1967) 1827-1832
93. Smith F.J., and Munn R.J. Automatic calculation of the transport collision integrals with tables for the Morse potential. J Chem Phys 41 11 (1964) 3560-3568
94. 3 P) interactions. J Chem Phys 95 9 (1991) 6429-6439
95. Yun K.S., and Mason E.A. Collision integrals for the transport properties of dissociating air at high temperatures. Phys Fluids 5 4 (1962) 380-386
96. Stallcop J.R., Partridge H., and Levin E. Analytical fits for the determination of the transport properties of air. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 10 4 (1996) 697-699
97. Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Computations and approximations of collision integrals for mixture species including the atoms O, H, C, N, F, Na, S, Si and the molecules generated by that atoms. Report 2857, Institute of Mechanics in the Moscow State University; 1983 [in Russian].
98. Sokolova IA. Collision integrals data base for gases and plasma mixtures. In: Proceedings of the fifth Asian thermophysical properties conference; 1998.
99. Kolesnikov AF, Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Collision integrals and transfer equations for ionized hydrogen-helium mixtures. In: Aerodynamika hiperzvukovykh techeniy pri nalichii vduva (Aerodynamics of hypersonic flows with blowing). Moscow: Moscow State University Publishing; 1979. p. 201-24 [in Russian].
100. Kolesnikov AF, Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Transfer equations for ionized hydrogen-helium mixtures. Report 1877, Institute of Mechanics in the Moscow State University; 1977 [in Russian].
101. Kolesnikov A.F., and Tirskyi G.A. Equations of hydrodynamics for partially ionized multi-component mixtures of gases, employing higher approximations of transport coefficients. Fluid Mech Sov Res 13 4 (1984) 70-97 [translated from Russian]
102. Gens A.V., and Tirskyi G.A. Hydrodynamic equations for multicomponent mixtures with transport coefficients in higher approximations. Fluid Dyn 6 (1972) 153-157
103. Tirskyi GA. Exact hydrodynamic equations and transport coefficients in high-order approximations for partially ionized gases. In: Proceedings of the 19th international symposium on shock waves; 1993. p. 369-74.
104. Tirskyi GA. Hydrodynamic formulation for partially ionized non-ideal gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium. In: Nekotorye Voprosy Mekhaniki Sploshnoi Sredy (Some problems of the continuum media mechanics). Moscow: Moscow State University Publishing; 1978. p. 114-43 [in Russian].
105. Vasil'evskyi S.A., Sokolova I.A., and Tirskyi G.A. Exact equations and transport coefficients for a multicomponent mixture of gases and partially ionized plasma. J Appl Mech Tech Phys 4 (1984) 15-24 [in Russian]
106. Kolesnikov AF. General formulation of multicomponent plasma transport equations with ambipolar approach for weakly ionized gases. In: 41st AIAA aerospace sciences meeting and exhibit. AIAA Paper-2003-1055; 2003.
107. Sutton K, Gnoffo P. Multi-component diffusion with application to computational aerothermodynamics. Seventh AIAA/ASME joint thermophysics and heat transfer conference. AIAA paper 98-2575; 1998.
108. Ramshaw J.D. Hydrodynamic theory of multicomponent diffusion and thermal diffusion in multitemperature gas mixtures. J Non-equilibrium Thermodyn 18 2 (1993) 121-134
109. Kolesnikov AF. Self-consistent Stefan-Maxwell relations for multi-component ambipolar diffusion in two-temperature plasma mixtures. Technical Note 196, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genese; 1999.
110. Sokolova I.A., and Tirskyi G.A. Generalized Ohm's law for multicomponent partially ionized gas mixtures. In: Grigoryan S.S. (Ed). Izbrannye Voprosy Sovremennoi Mekhaniki (Selected problems of modern mechanics) (1981), Moscow State University Publishing, Moscow 91-109 [in Russian]
111. Tirskyi G.A. Heat transfer in problems of hypersonic flows past bodies with chemically, thermally and thermodynamically nonequilibrium gas with arbitrary element composition. Syst Anal Modelling Simulation 5 (1998) 1-36
112. Gnoffo PA, Gupta RN, Shinn JL. Conservation equations and physical models for hypersonic air flows in thermal and chemical nonequilibrium. Technical Paper 2867, NASA; 1989.
113. Devoto R.S. Transport coefficients of ionized argon. Phys Fluids 16 5 (1973) 616-623
114. Vasil'evskyi S.A., Kolesnikov A.F., and Yakushin M.I. Mathematical models for plasma and gas flows in induction plasmatrons. In: Capitelli M. (Ed). Molecular physics and hypersonic flows vol. 1 (1996), Kluwer, Dordrecht 495-504
115. Murphy A.B. Demixing in free-burning arcs. Phys Rev E 55 (1997) 7473
116. Suslov O.N., Tirskyi G.A., and Shchennikov V.V. Description of chemically equilibrium flows of multicomponent ionized mixtures within the framework of Navier-Stokes and Prandtl equations. J Appl Mech Tech Phys 1 (1971) 73-89 [in Russian]
117. Tirskyi G.A. Up-to-date gasdynamical models of hypersonic aerodynamics and heat transfer with real gas properties. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 25 (1993) 151-181
118. Tirskyi G.A. The hydrodynamic equations for chemical equilibrium flow of multielement plasma with exact transfer coefficients. J Appl Math Mech 63 6 (1999) 841-861
119. Kolesnikov AF, Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Molecular mass and heat transfer of chemical equilibrium multicomponent partially ionized gases in electromagnetic field. In: Proceedings of the thirteen international symposium on rarefied gas dynamics, vol. 2. New York: Plenum Press; 1985. p. 1359-66.
120. Vasil'evskyi S.A., and Tirskyi G.A. Effect of the diffusion of chemical elements and its influence on heat transfer in an equilibrium flow of multicomponent gas. In: Sedov L.I. (Ed). Modern gasdynamic and physical and chemical models in hypersonic aerodynamics and heat transfer vol. 1 (1994), Moscow State University Publishing, Moscow 138-177 [in Russian]
121. Vasil'evskyi SA, Efimova LG, Kolesnikov AF, Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Computations of transport coefficients in multicomponent plasma with account for higher approximations. Effect of separation of chemical elements in equilibrium plasma. Report 2427, Institute of Mechanics in the Moscow State University; 1980 [in Russian].
122. Rini P., Vanden Abeele D., and Degrez G. Closed form for the equations of chemically reacting flows under local thermodynamic equilibrium. Phys Rev E 72 1 (2005) 011204
123. Murphy A.B. Diffusion in equilibrium mixtures of ionized gases. Phys Rev E 48 5 (1993) 3594
124. Vasil'evskyi SA, Zhluktov SV, Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Approximate formulae for transport coefficients of dissociated and ionized air and its application in hypersonic aerodynamics and heat transfer. Report 3359, Institute of Mechanics in the Moscow State University; 1986 [in Russian].
125. Zhluktov S.V., Sokolova I.A., and Tirskyi G.A. Approximate formulae for the viscosity and heat conductivity of partially ionized air. J Appl Mech Tech Phys 1 (1990) 41-50 [in Russian]
126. Vasil'evskyi SA, Zhluktov SV, Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Approximate formulae for transport coefficients of dissociated and ionized air and its application in hypersonic aerodynamics and heat transfer. Report 3359, Institute of Mechanics in the Moscow State University; 1986 [in Russian].
127. Keyes FG. The heat conductivity, viscosity, specific heat and Prandtl number for thirteen gases. Technical Report 37, MIT; 1952.
128. Gray D.E., et al. American institute of physics handbook (1957), McGraw-Hill, New York
129. Wilke C.R. A viscosity equation for gas mixtures. J Chem Phys 18 4 (1950) 517-519
130. Brokaw R.S. Approximate formulas for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of gas mixtures. J Chem Phys 29 2 (1958) 391-397
131. Brokaw RS. Viscosity of gas mixtures. Technical Note TN D-4496, NASA; 1968.
132. Mason E.A., and Saxena S.C. Approximate formula for the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures. Phys Fluids 1 5 (1958) 361-369
133. Hansen CF. Approximations for the thermodynamic and transport properties of high-temperature air. Technical Report R-50, NASA; 1959.
134. Armaly BF, Sutton K. Viscosity of multicomponent partially ionized gas mixtures. Paper 80-1495, AIAA; 1980.
135. Armaly BF, Sutton K. Thermal conductivity of partially ionized gas mixtures. Paper 81-1174, AIAA; 1981.
136. Yos JM. Transport properties of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and air to 30 000 K. Report TR AD-TM-63-7, Avco Corp.; 1963.
137. Gupta R, et al. Calculations and curve fits of thermodynamic and transport properties for equilibrium air to 30 000 K. Reference publication RP 1260, NASA; 1991.
138. Ern A., and Giovangigli V. Fast and accurate multicomponent transport property evaluation. J Comp Phys 120 (1995) 105-116
139. Monchick L., and Mason E.A. Transport properties of polar gases. J Chem Phys 35 5 (1961) 1676-1697
140. Dahlquist G., Björck A., and Anderson N. Numerical methods (1974), Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ
141. Barrett R, Berry M, Chan T, Demmel J, Donato J, Dongarra J, et al. Templates for the solution of linear systems: building blocks for iterative methods. SIAM; 1994. Also at 〈http://www.netlib.org/templates/templates.ps〉.
142. Hilsenrath J., et al. Tables of thermodynamic and transport properties of air, argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and steam (1960), Pergamon Press, Oxford
143. Capitelli M., Colonna G., Gorse C., and D'Angola A. Transport properties of high-temperature air in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Eur Phys J D 11 (2000) 279-289
144. Sokolova IA, Tirskyi GA. Transport properties of gases and plasma mixtures for gasdynamic simulation. In: 32nd AIAA thermophysics conference, AIAA Paper 97-2584; 1997.
145. Murphy A.B. Transport coefficients of air, argon-air, nitrogen-air, and oxygen-air plasmas. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 15 2 (1995) 279-305
146. Bacri J., and Raffanel S. Calculation of transport coefficients of air plasmas. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 9 1 (1989) 133-153
147. Vasil'evsky S.A., Sokolova I.A., and Tirsky G.A. Determination and calculation of transport coefficients for partially ionized and fully ionized gas flows in chemical equilibrium. J Appl Mech Tech Phys 1 (1986) 68-80 [in Russian]
148. Viegas JR, Howe JT. Thermodynamic and transport property correlation formulas for equilibrium air from 1000 to 15 000 K. Technical Note TN-D-1429, NASA; 1962.
149. Devoto R.S., et al. Air transport coefficients from electric arc measurements. Phys Fluids 21 4 (1978) 552-558
150. Asinovsky E.I., Kirillin A.V., Pakhomov E.P., and Shabashov V.I. Experimental investigation of transport properties of low-temperature plasma by means of electric arc. IEEE Proc 59 4 (1971) 592-601
151. Riabov V.V. Approximate calculation of transport coefficients of Earth and Mars atmospheric dissociating gases. J Thermophys Heat Transfer 10 2 (1996) 209-216
152. Magin TE, Degrez G, Sokolova I. Thermodynamics and transport properties of Martian atmosphere for space entry application. In: 33rd Plasmadynamics and lasers conference, Maui, Hawaii, AIAA 2002-2226; 2002.
153. Aeschliman D.P., and Cambel A.B. Measurement of the viscosity of atmospheric argon from 3500 to 8500 K. Phys Fluids 13 10 (1970) 2466-2477
154. Murphy A.B. Combined diffusion coefficients in equilibrium mixtures of dissociating gases. J Chem Phys 99 2 (1993) 1340-1343