An allometric analysis of the number of muscle spindles in mammalian skeletal muscles

Journal of Anatomy

Volumn 208, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 753-768

  Banks, Robert W ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Allometry; Motor control; Muscle spindle; Skeletal muscle

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALLOMETRY; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARM MUSCLE; ARTICLE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; HAND MUSCLE; HEAD POSITION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; LEG MUSCLE; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MOTOR CONTROL; MOUSE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE LENGTH; MUSCLE MASS; MUSCLE SPINDLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

ADULT; ANIMALS; CATS; FORELIMB; GUINEA PIGS; HINDLIMB; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; MICE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUSCLE SPINDLES; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NECK MUSCLES; RATS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

ANIMALIA; CAVIA PORCELLUS; MAMMALIA;

EID: 33744482359     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00558.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Amonoo-Kuofi HS (1983) The density of muscle spindles in the medial, intermediate and lateral columns of human intrinsic postvertebral muscles. J Anat 136, 509-519.
2. Arendt K-W, Asmussen G (1974) Die Anzahl und die Verteilung von Muskelspindeln im M. triceps surae der Ratte. Anat Anz 136, 207-216.
3. Bakker DA, Richmond FJR (1982) Muscle spindle complexes in muscles around upper cervical vertebrae in the cat. J Neurophysiol 48, 62-74.
4. Banks RW, Stacey MJ (1988) Quantitative studies on mammalian muscle spindles and their sensory innervation. In Mechanoreceptors - Development, Structure, and Function (eds Hník P, Soukup T, Vejsada R, ZelenáJ), pp. 263-269. New York: Plenum Press.
5. Banks RW (1998) On the number of spindles in mammalian muscles. J Physiol 511, 69P.
6. Banks RW, Barker D (2004) The muscle spindle. In Myology, 3rd edn (eds Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C), pp. 489-509. New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Banks RW (2005) The muscle spindle. In Peripheral Neuropathy, 4th edn (eds Dyck PJ, Thomas PK), pp. 131-150. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders.
8. Barker D (1974) The morphology of muscle receptors. In Handbook of Sensory Physiology III/2 Muscle Receptors (ed. Hunt CC), pp. 1-190. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
9. Brooks VB (1986) The Neural Basis of Motor Control. New York: Oxford University Press.
10. Buxton DF, Peck D (1990) Density of muscle spindle profiles in the intrinsic forelimb muscles of the dog. J Morph 203, 345-359.
11. Chin NK, Cope M, Pang M (1962) Number and distribution of spindle capsules in seven hindlimb muscles of the cat. In Symposium on Muscle Receptors (ed. Barker D), pp. 241-248. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
12. Cooper S (1966) Muscle spindles and motor units. In Control and Innervation of Skeletal Muscle (ed. Andrew BL), pp. 9-15. Edinburgh: E. & S Livingstone.
13. Eldred E, Yung L, Eldred D, Roy RR (1998) Distribution of muscle spindles in a simply structured muscle: Integrated total sensory representation. Anat Rec 251, 161-172.
14. Fuentes I, Cobos AR, Segade LAG (1998) Muscle fibre types and their distribution in the biceps and triceps brachii of the rat and rabbit. J Anat 192, 203-210.
15. Gans C, Bock W (1965) The functional significance of muscle architecture. Ergeb Anat Entwickl - Gesch 38, 115-142.
16. Gonyea WJ, Ericson GC (1977) Morphological and histochemical organization of the flexor carpi radialis muscle in the cat. Am J Anat 148, 329-344.
17. Goslow GE, Cameron WE, Stuart DG (1977) Ankle flexor muscles in the cat: length-active tension and muscle unit properties as related to locomotion. J Morph 153, 23-38.
18. Gregor A (1904) Ueber die Vertheilung der Muskelspindeln in der Musculatur des menschlichen Fötus. Arch Anat Physiol Anat Abt 112-196.
19. Hosokawa H (1961) Proprioceptive innervation of striated muscles in the territory of cranial nerves. Texas Rept Biol Med 19, 405-464.
20. Ip MC (1961) The number and variety of proprioceptors in certain muscles of the cat. MSc thesis, University of Hong Kong.
21. Kokkorogiannis T (2004) Somatic and intramuscular distribution of muscle spindles and their relation to muscular angiotypes. J Theoret Biol 229, 263-280.
22. Kucera J, Walro JM, Reichler J (1989) Role of nerve and muscle factors in the development of rat muscle spindles. Am J Anat 186, 144-160.
23. Kurtzer I, Herter TM, Scott SH (2005) Random change in cortical load representation suggests distinct control of posture and movement. Nature Neurosci 8, 498-504.
24. Maier A (1979) Occurrence and distribution of muscle spindles in masticatory and suprahyoid muscles of the rat. Am J Anat 155, 483-506.
25. Martini E, Palmieri G (1970) Distribution and structure of muscle receptors in the pelvic limb muscles in guinea pig. Spermentale 120, 93-113.
26. Martini E, Palmieri G (1971) Innervazione propriocettiva dei muscoli dell'arto anteriore di Cavia cobaya. Riv Biol 64, 373-396.
27. Matthews PBC (1972) Mammalian Muscle Receptors and Their Central Actions. London: Edward Arnold.
28. McClearn D (1985) Anatomy of raccoon (Procyon lotor) and coati (Nasua narica and N. nasua) forearm and leg muscles: Relations between fiber length, moment-arm length, and joint-angle excursion. J Morph 183, 87-115.
29. Muhl ZF (1982) Active length-tension relation and the effect of muscle pinnation on fiber lengthening. J Morph 173, 285-292.
30. Oshima T (1938) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Muskelnspindeln; einige histologische Bemerkungen nebst Zahlenverhältnissen bei den verschiedenen Muskeln. Nagasaki Igakkai Zasshi 16, 547-548.
31. Peck D, Buxton DF, Nitz A (1984) A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations. J Morph 180, 243-252.
32. Pfister J, Zenker W (1984) The splenius capitis muscle of the rat, architecture and histochemistry, afferent and efferent innervation as compared with that of the quadriceps muscle. Anat Embryol 169, 79-89.
33. Richmond FJR, Abrahams VC (1975) Morphology and distribution of muscle spindles in dorsal muscles of the cat neck. J Neurophysiol 38, 1322-1339.
34. Richmond FJR, Stuart DG (1985) Distribution of sensory receptors in the flexor carpi radialis muscle of the cat. J Morph 183, 1-13.
35. Riska B (1991) Regression models in evolutionary allometry. Am Natur 138, 283-299.
36. Schmidt-Nielsen K (1984) Scaling: Why Is Animal Size So Important? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Schulze ML (1955) Die absolute und relative Zahl der Muskelspindeln in den kurzen Daumenmuskeln des Menschen. Anat Anz 102, 290-291.
38. Scott JJA, Young H (1987) The number and distribution of muscle spindles and tendon organs in the peroneal muscles of the cat. J Anat 151, 143-155.
39. Scott JJA (2005) The Golgi tendon organ. In Peripheral Neuropathy, 4th edn (eds Dyck PJ, Thomas PK), pp. 151-161. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders.
40. Sherrington CS (1894) On the anatomical constitution of nerves of skeletal muscles; with remarks on recurrent fibres in the ventral spinal nerve-root. J Physiol 17, 211-258.
41. Smeets JBJ, Erkelens CJ (1991) Dependence of autogenic and heterogenic stretch reflexes on pre-load activity in the human arm. J Physiol 440, 455-465.
42. Smith RJ (1993) Logarithmic transformation bias in allometry. Am J Phys Anthropol 90, 215-228.
43. Snowdon P (1991) A ratio estimator for bias correction in logarithmic regressions. Can J For Res 21, 720-724.
44. Swett JE, Eldred E (1960) Distribution and numbers of stretch receptors in medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the cat. Anat Rec 137, 453-460.
45. Voss H (1937) Untersuchungen über Zahl, Anordnung und Länge der Muskelspindeln in den Lumbricalmuskeln des Menschen und einiger Tiere. Z Mikroskop - Anat Forsch 42, 509-524.
46. Voss H (1956) Zahl und Anordnung der Muskelspindeln im M. pronator quadratus. Anat Anz 103, 85-88.
47. Voss H (1971) Tabelle der absoluten und relativen Muskelspindelzahlen der menschlichen Skelettmuskulatur. Anat Anz 129, 562-572.
48. van der Wal JC (1988) The organization of the substrate of proprioception in the elbow region of the rat. Doctoral thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Limburg.
49. Wilson VJ (1992) Physiologic properties and central actions of neck muscle spindles. In The Head-Neck Sensory Motor System (eds Berthoz A, Graf W, Vidal PP), pp. 175-178. New York: Oxford University Press.
50. ZelenáJ (1994) Nerves and Mechanoreceptors. London: Chapman & Hall.