Cervical spine management in children with Down syndrome

Current Opinion in Orthopaedics

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 260-263

  Pizzutillo, Peter D ^a,b   Herman, Martin J ^a  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b ST CHRISTOPHER'S HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN   (United States)

Author keywords

Cervical spine; Children; Down syndrome; Neurologic injury

Indexed keywords

CERVICAL SPINE; CERVICAL SPINE INSTABILITY; DOWN SYNDROME; FEMUR OSTEOTOMY; HIP; HIP INSTABILITY; HUMAN; JOINT INSTABILITY; KNEE INSTABILITY; MUSCLE TRAINING; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PATELLAR INSTABILITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION; SPINE INSTABILITY; X RAY FILM;

EID: 33646914983     PISSN: 10419918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.bco.0000223535.95513.13     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Spitzer R, Rabinowich JY, Wybar KC. A study of abnormalities of the skull, teeth and lenses in mongolism. J Can Med Assoc 1961; 84:567-572.
2. Bittles AH, Glasson EJ. Clinical, social and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome. Dev Med and Child Neuro 2004; 46:282-286.
3. Egan JFX, Benn PA, Zelop CM, et al. Down syndrome births in the United States from 1989 to 2001. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1044-1048.
4. Morris JK, DeVigan C, Mutton DE, Alberman E. Risk of a Down syndrome live birth in women 45 years of age and older. Pren Diagn 2005; 25:275-278. This meta-analysis of data suggests that the risk of Down syndrome live births for women 45 years and older is lower than has been assumed.
5. Melville CA, Cooper SA, McGrother CW, et al. Obesity in adults with Down syndrome: a case control study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2005; 49:125-133. This study of matched samples concluded that there is a greater prevalence of obesity among women with Down syndrome but not in men with Down syndrome.
6. Ng DK, Chan C. Obesity is an important risk factor for sleep disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome. Sleep 2004; 27:1023-1024.
7. Murph J, Hoey HMCV, Philip M, et al. Guidelines for the medical management of Irish children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Irish Med J 2005; 98:48-52. This cross-sectional study of 394 children and adolescents with Down syndrome in Ireland provided evidence-based data indicating a high incidence of treatable medical disorders in this population and recommends guidelines for medical management.
8. Kirkos JM, Papavasiliou KA, Kyrkos MJ, Kapetanos GA. Multidirectional habitual bilateral hip dislocation in a patient with Down syndrome. Clin Orthop 2005; 435:263-265. This is a case report with suggestions for management of hip instability in the young patient with Down syndrome.
9. Hresko MT, McCarthy JC, Goldberg MJ. Hip disease in adults with Down syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1993; 75:604-607.
10. Katz DA, Kim YJ, Millis MB. Periacetabular osteotomy in patients with Down syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005; 87B:544-547. Hip pathology in individuals with Down syndrome frequently results in advanced degenerative changes at an early age that may require sophisticated surgical reconstruction to preserve joint function.
11. Bosch P, Johnston CE, Karol L. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in patients with Down syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 2004; 24:271-277.
12. Dietz FR, Albanese SA, Katz DA, et al. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in Down syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 2004; 24:508-513.
13. Tredwell SJ, Newman DE, Lockith G. Instability of the upper cervical spine in Down syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 1990; 10:602-606.
14. Cristofaro RL, Donovan R, Cristofaro J. Orthopaedic abnormalities in an adult population with Down syndrome. Orthop Trans 1986; 10:442-443.
15. Hungerford GD, Akkaraju V, Rawe SE, et al. Atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial dislocation with spinal cord compression in Down syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Br J Radiol 1981; 54:758-761.
16. Burke SW, French HG, Roberts JM, et al. Chronic atlanto-axial instability in Down syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985; 67A:1356-1360.
17. Davidson RG. Atlantoaxial instability in individuals with Down syndrome: a fresh look at the evidence. Pediatrics 1988; 81:857-865.
18. Menzes AH, Ryken TC. Craniovertebral abnormalities in Down syndrome. Pediatr Neurosurg 1992; 18:24-33.
19. Pueschel SM, Herndon JH, Gelch MM. Symptomatic atlantoaxial subluxation in persons with Down syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 1984; 4:682-688.
20. Ferguson RL, Putney ME, Allen BL Jr. Comparison of neurologic deficits with atlantodens intervals in patients with Down syndrome. J Spinal Disord 1997; 10:246-252.
21. Nader-Sepahi A, Casey ATH, Hayward R, et al. Symptomatic atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome. J Neurosurg (Pediatrics) 2005; 103:231-237. This is an excellent report of children with Down syndrome who developed neurologic deficits, including gait deterioration, paraparesis, ataxia and hemiparesis as a result of atlantoaxial instability.
22. Braakhekke JP, Gabreels FJ, Renier WO, et al. Cranio-vertebral pathology in Down syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1985; 87:173-179.
23. Crockard HA, Stevens JM. Craniovertebral junction anomalies in inherited disorders: part of the syndrome or caused by the disorder? Eur J Pediatr 1995; 154:504-512.
24. Pueschel SM, Findley TW, Furia J, et al. Atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome: roentgenographic, neurologic and somatosensory evoked potential studies. Pediatrics 1987; 110:515-521.