Land-use impacts and water quality targets in the intensive dairying catchment of the Toenepi Stream, New Zealand

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 123-140

  Wilcock, Robert J ^a   Monaghan, Ross M ^b   Quinn, John M ^a   Campbell, Alan M ^c   Thorrold, Bruce S ^d   Duncan, Maurice J ^a   McGowan, Alec W ^e   Betteridge, Keith ^f  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^b INVERMAY AGRICULTURAL CENTRE   (New Zealand)

^c Environment Waikato   (New Zealand)

^d Dexcel Limited   (New Zealand)

^e RUAKURA RESEARCH CENTRE   (New Zealand)

^f AGRESEARCH GRASSLANDS   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Dairy; Land use; Lowland stream; Monitoring; Water quality

Indexed keywords

DAIRY FARMING; EFFLUENT; FECAL COLIFORM; LAND USE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; SOIL MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND; PIAKO RIVER; TOENEPI STREAM; WAIKATO;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 33646885218     PISSN: 00288330     EISSN: 11758805     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2006.9517407     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Alonso, JL, Soriano, A, Carbajo, O, Amoros, I, and Garelick, H. 1999. Comparison and recovery of Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water with a chromogenic medium incubated at 41 and 44.5°C. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65:3746–3749.
2. ANZECC. 2000. National water quality management strategy:Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Canberra, Australia:Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.
3. APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater., 20th ed., Washington DC, United States:American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation.
4. Ball, PR, and Ryden, JC. 1984. Nitrogen relationships in intensively managed temperate grasslands. Plant and Soil, 76:23–33.
5. Chadwick, DR, Ledgard, SF, and Brown, L. 2002. “ Nitrogen flows and losses in dairy farms in New Zealand and the UK:effects of grazing management ”. In Dairy Farm Soil Management, Occasional Report no. 15 Edited by:Currie, LD, and Loganathan, P. 319–332. Palmerston North:Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre, Massey University.
6. Collins, R, Donnison, A, Ross, C, and McLeod, M. 2004. Attenuation of effluent-derived faecal microbes in grass buffer strips. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 47:565–574.
7. Cooke, JG. 1988. Sources and sinks of nutrients in a New Zealand hill pasture catchment. II Phosphorus. Hydrological Processes, 2:123–133.
8. Craggs, RJ, Tanner, CC, Sukias, JPS, and Davies-Colley, RJ. 2003. Dairy farm wastewater treatment by an advanced pond system. Water Science and Technology, 48(2):291–297.
9. Davies-Colley, RJ, and Nagels, JW. 2002. Effects of dairying on water quality of lowland streams in Westland and Waikato. New Zealand Grasslands Association, 64:107–114.
10. Davies-Colley, RJ, and Smith, DG. 2001. Turbidity, suspended sediment, and water clarity:a review. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37:1085–1101.
11. Davies-Colley, RJ, Nagels, JW, Smith, RA, Young, RG, and Phillips, CJ. 2004. Water quality impact of a dairy cow herd crossing a stream. Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 38:569–576.
12. Dean, TL, and Richardson, J. 1999. Responses of seven species of native freshwater fish and a shrimp to low levels of dissolved oxygen. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 33:99–106.
13. de Klein, CAM, and Ledgard, SF. 2001. An analysis of environmental and economic implications of nil and restricted grazing systems designed to reduce nitrate leaching from New Zealand dairy farms. I. Nitrogen losses. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 44:201–215.
14. Di, HJ, and Cameron, KC. 2002a. Nitrate leaching and pasture production from different nitrogen sources on a shallow stony soil under flood-irrigated dairy pasture. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 40:317–334.
15. Di, HJ, and Cameron, KC. 2002b. The use of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), to decrease nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from cow urine patches in a simulated grazed under irrigation. Soil Use and Management, 18:395–403.
16. DoH. 1992. Provisional microbiological water quality guidelines for recreational and shellfish-gathering waters in New Zealand, Wellington:Public Health Services, Department of Health.
17. Duggan, IC, Collier, KJ, Champion, PD, Davies-Colley, RJ, Nagels, JW, and Wilcock, RJ. 2002. Ecoregional differences in macrophyte and macroinvertebrate communities between Westland and Waikato:are all lowland streams the same?. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36:831–845.
18. Edgar, NB. 1999. Land use in the Taupo catchment, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 33:375–383.
19. Environment Waikato. 2005. Proposed Waikato Regional Plan as amended by decisions and the Environment Court, August 2005 Hamilton, New Zealand
20. Fergusson, RI. 1987. Accuracy and precision of methods for estimating river loads. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12:95–104.
21. Intelligent Decision Technologies Ltd. 1998. WQSTAT PLUS user's guide, Longmont, CO 80501, United States:Intelligent Decision Technologies Ltd.
22. Ledgard, SF, Penno, JW, and Sprosen, MS. 1999. Nitrogen inputs and losses from grass/clover pastures grazed by dairy cows, as affected by nitrogen fertiliser application. Journal of Agricultural Science, 132:215–225.
23. Livestock Improvement. 2004. Dairy statistics 2003–2004, Hamilton:Livestock Improvement Corporation Ltd.
24. McBride, GB. 2005. Using statistical methods for water quality management:issues, problems and solutions, 352Hoboken, NJ:Wiley-Interscience.
25. McBride, GB, Cooper, AB, and Till, DG. 1991. Microbial water quality guidelines for recreation and shellfish gathering waters in New Zealand, Wellington:Department of Health.
26. McDowell, RW, Monaghan, RM, and Morton, J. 2003. Soil phosphorus concentrations to minimise potential P loss to surface waters in Southland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46:239–253.
27. McDowell, RW, Biggs, BJF, Sharpley, AN, and Nguyen, L. 2004. Connecting phosphorus loss from agricultural landscapes to surface water quality. Chemistry and Ecology, 20(1):1–40.
28. MfE. 2003. Dairying and clean streams accord, Wellington:Fonterra, Local Government New Zealand, Ministry for the Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
29. Morton, JD, and Roberts, AHC. 1999. “ Phosphorus requirements for New Zealand dairying—latest research results and current recommendations ”. In Best soil management practices for production, Occasional report no. 12 Edited by:Currie, LD, Hedley, MJ, Home, DJ, and Loganathan, P. 117–126. Palmerston North:Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre, Massey University.
30. Monaghan, R, and Wilcock, R. 2004. Landuse impacts on water quality within four intensively farmed catchments, 52–57. New Zealand Association of Resource Management.
31. Monaghan, RM, and Smith, LC. 2004. Minimising surface water pollution resulting from farm-dairy effluent application to mole-pipe drained soils. II. The contribution of preferential flow of effluent to whole-farm pollutant losses in subsurface drainage from a West Otago dairy farm. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 47:417–428.
32. Monaghan, RM, Smeaton, D, Hyslop, MG, Stevens, DR, de Klein, CAM, Smith, LC, Drewry, JJ, and Thorrold, BS. 2004. A desktop evaluation of the environmental and economic performance of model dairy farming systems within four New Zealand catchments. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 66:57–67.
33. Nagels, JW, Davies-Colley, RJ, Donnison, AM, and Muirhead, RW. 2002. Faecal contamination over flood events in a pastoral agricultural stream in New Zealand. Water Science and Technology, 45(12):45–52.
34. Nguyen, L, Nagels, J, and Sukias, J. 2002a. “ Faecal contamination and the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in drainage ditches ”. In Dairy farm soil management, Occasional report no. 15 Edited by:Currie, LD, and Loganathan, P. 261–266. Palmerston North:Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre, Massey University.
35. Nguyen, L, Sukias, J, Nagels, J, and Reeves, P. 2002b. “ Ecological function of drainage ditches in attenuating ammonium and phosphate pollutants from dairy farms ”. In Dairy farm soil management, Occasional report no. 15 Edited by:Currie, LD, and Loganathan, P. 255–260. Palmerston North:Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre, Massey University.
36. Olsen, SR, Cole, CV, Watanabe, ES, and Dean, LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate, US Department of Agriculture Circular 939
37. Pionke, HB, Gburek, WJ, and Sharpley, AN. 2000. Critical source area controls on water quality in an agricultural watershed located in the Chesapeake Basin. Ecological Engineering, 14:325–335.
38. Pluntke, T, and Kozerski, H-P. 2003. Particle trapping on leaves and on the bottom in simulated submerged plant stands. Hydrobiologia, 506–509(1–3):575–581.
39. Quinn, JM, and Stroud, MJ. 2002. Water quality and sediment and nutrient export from New Zealand hill-land catchments of contrasting use. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36:409–429.
40. Quinn, JM, Steele, GL, Hickey, CW, and Vickers, ML. 1994. Upper thermal tolerances of twelve common New Zealand stream invertebrate species. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 28:391–397.
41. Russell, MA, Walling, DE, and Hodgkinson, RA. 2001. Suspended sediment sources in two small lowland agricultural catchments in the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 252:1–24.
42. Selvarajah, N. Tertiary treatment options for dairyshed and piggery wastewaters. Proceedings of a seminar. Palmerston North. Dairy farm effluent pond treatment performance in the Waikato region:a preliminary survey, 20 June. Massey University. 1996
43. Sharpley, AN, Kleinman, PJA, McDowell, RW, Gitau, M, and Bryant, RB. 2002. Modelling phosphorus transport in agricultural watersheds:processes and possibilities. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 57:425–439.
44. Silva, RG, Cameron, KC, Di, HJ, and Hendry, T. 1999. A lysimeter study of the impact of cow urine, dairy shed effluent, and nitrogen fertiliser on nitrate leaching. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 37:357–369.
45. Singleton, PL, and Addison, B. 1996. Distribution and hydraulic characteristics of the Topehaehae soil, Toenepi catchment, Waikato, AgResearch Consultancy Report No. 194/96 Hamilton, New Zealand:Ruakura Research Centre.
46. Smith, DG, Davies-Colley, RJ, Knoeff, J, and Slot, GWJ. 1997. Optical characteristics of New Zealand rivers in relation to flow. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 33:301–312.
47. Smith, LC, and Monaghan, RM. 2003. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in overland flow from a cattle-grazed pasture in Southland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46:225–238.
48. Tanner, CC, Nguyen, ML, and Sukias, JPS. 2005. Nutrient removal by a constructed wetland treating subsurface drainage from grazed dairy pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 105:145–162.
49. USEPA. 1986. Ambient water quality criteria for dissolved oxygen, 46Washington DC:US Environmental Protection Agency, Criteria and Standard Division.
50. Ward, C. 2002. The effect of change in land use on irrigation demand, Wellington, New Zealand:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. MAF resource management update
51. Wheeler, DM, Ledgard, SF, de Klein, CAM, Monaghan, RM, Carey, PL, McDowell, RW, and Johns, KL. 2003. OVERSEER™ nutrient budgets—moving towards on-farm resource accounting. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 65:191–194.
52. WHO. 1996. Guidelines for drinking-water quality., 2nd ed., Vol. 2, 84–85. Geneva, Switzerland:World Health Organisation.
53. Wilcock, RJ, and Croker, GF. 2004. Distribution of carbon between sediment and water in macrophyte dominated lowland streams. Hydrobiologia, 520:143–152.
54. Wilcock, RJ, and Nagels, JW. 2001. Effects of aquatic macrophytes on physico-chemical conditions of three contrasting lowland streams:a consequence of diffuse pollution from agriculture?. Water Science and Technology, 43(5):163–168.
55. Wilcock, RJ, Nagels, JW, McBride, GB, Collier, KJ, Wilson, BT, and Huser, BA. 1998. Characterisation of lowland streams using a single-station diurnal curve analysis model with continuous monitoring data for dissolved oxygen and temperature. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 32:67–79.
56. Wilcock, RJ, Nagels, JW, Rodda, HJE, O'Connor, MB, Thorrold, BS, and Barnett, JW. 1999. Water quality of a lowland stream in a New Zealand dairy farming catchment. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 33(4):683–696.
57. Williams, PH, and Haynes, RJ. 1990. Influence of improved pasture and grazing animals on nutrient cycling within New Zealand soils. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 14:49–57.