Calcium carbonate formation on cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) and polypropylene random copolymer (PP-r)

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME

Volumn 128, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 251-254

  Sanft, Patricia ^a   Francis, Lorraine F ^a   Davidson, Jane H ^a  

^a University of Minnesota   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CARBONATE FORMATION; CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE (PEX); POLYPROPYLENE RANDOM COPOLYMER (PP-R);

CARBONATES; COPOLYMERS; CROSSLINKING; PH EFFECTS; POLYETHYLENES; REYNOLDS NUMBER;

CALCIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 33646883946     PISSN: 01996231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1115/1.2189863     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Burch, J., Egrican, N., and Carlisle, N., 1990, "Calcium Carbonate Scaling in Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems," Proceedings of the 1990 Annual Conference, Austin, S. Burley and M. J. Coleman, eds., American Solar Energy Society, Boulder, CO, pp. 262-266.
2. Baker, D. K., and Vliet, G. C., 2001, "Designing Solar Hot Water Systems for Scaling Environments," ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng. 123(1), pp. 43-47.
3. Baker, D. K., and Vliet, G. C., 2003, "Identifying and Reducing Scaling Problems in Solar Hot Water Systems," ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng. 125, (1), pp. 61-66.
4. Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J., 1996, Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters, Wiley, New York.
5. Branch, C. A., and Muller-Steinhagen, H. M., 1991, "Influence of Scaling on the Performance of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers," Heat Transfer Eng. 12, pp. 37-45.
6. 3 Scaling in AISI 316 Stainless Steel Tubes - Effect of Thermal and Hydraulic Parameters on the Induction Time and Growth Rate," Heat Mass Transfer, 34, pp. 163-170
7. 3 Scaling in AISI 316 Tubes," Heat Mass Transfer, 32, pp. 73-79.
8. Davidson, J. H., Mantell, S. C., and Jorgensen, G., 2002, "Status of the Development of Polymeric Solar Water Heating Systems," Advances in Solar Energy, D. Y. Goswami, ed., American Solar Energy Society, Boulder, CO, Vol. 15, pp. 149-186.
9. Wang, Y., Davidson, J. H., and Francis, L., 2005, "Scaling in Polymer Tubes and Interpretation for Their Use in Solar Water Heating Systems," ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng., 127(1), pp. 3-14.
10. Wang, Y., 2004, Experimental Study of Calcium Carbonate Scaling on Polymer Tubes and Films, MS thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.
11. Plastics Pipe Institute, 2001, "Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing," TN-17/2001, www.plasticpipe.org.
12. William Andrew Publishing, 1998, Polypropylene-The Definitive User's Guide and Databook, William Andrew Publishing/Plastics Design Library.
13. 3 Scale Layer Formed Under Isothermal Flow Conditions," Langmuir, 13, pp. 2873-2879.
14. Andritsos, N., and Karabelas, A. J., 1991, "Crystallization and Deposit Formation of Lead Sulfide from Aqueous Solutions," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 145, pp. 158-169.
15. Sanft, P. M., 2005, Development of an Apparatus for In Situ Analysis of Calcium Carbonate Formation on Polymer Surfaces, MS thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.
16. Dickinson, S. R., Henderson, G. E., and McGrath, K. M., 2002, "Controlling the Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Crystallisation of Calcium Carbonate," J. Cryst. Growth, 244, pp. 368-378.
17. Roques, H., and Girou, A., 1974, "Kinetics of the Formation Conditions of Carbonate Tartars," Water Res., 8, pp. 907-920.
18. Spanos, N., and Koutsoukos, P. G., 1998, "Kinetics of Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Alkaline pH at Constant Supersaturation, Spontaneous and Seeded Growth," J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, pp. 6679-6684.