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1
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33646896656
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note
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In his most recent work (Andreau 1999; particularly chapter 12), Andreau displays a nuanced attitude towards the concept of the creation of credit, and certainly does not appear to be a hard-line modernist. The nuance is in the quantification, which seems to have become the universal answer of ancient historians to the primitivist-modernist controversy: Banking for a profit did indeed occur in the Roman world, in the same way that some regions displayed more advanced forms of credit than others. Andreau admits, however, that they seem to have been less important than the more 'embedded' forms of lending and creating money.
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2
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33646860073
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Kopytoff is mainly concerned with the cultural biograpies of individual objects; Appadurai applies the same notion to classes of object, but calls it the 'social history of things', to set it apart as a more long-term and larger-scale perspective than the cultural biography (Appadurai 1986, 34). For the analyis of function and meaning of Roman money, Appadurai's model is the more interesting. In the model of Kopytoff, objects can move in and out of a commodity state; that is, their attributed (economic) value changes with the cultural context in which they are exchanged. Thus the meaning of an object or class of objects is never permanent, but varies with the context of its use. (Roman) coins are a problematic group of objects because, when they are being used as money, they are not really commodities themselves but an expression of economic value
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Kopytoff (1986) is mainly concerned with the cultural biograpies of individual objects; Appadurai applies the same notion to classes of object, but calls it the 'social history of things', to set it apart as a more long-term and larger-scale perspective than the cultural biography (Appadurai 1986, 34). For the analyis of function and meaning of Roman money, Appadurai's model is the more interesting. In the model of Kopytoff, objects can move in and out of a commodity state; that is, their attributed (economic) value changes with the cultural context in which they are exchanged. Thus the meaning of an object or class of objects is never permanent, but varies with the context of its use. (Roman) coins are a problematic group of objects because, when they are being used as money, they are not really commodities themselves but an expression of economic value.
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(1986)
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3
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33646860900
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By this 'frozen' state (hoarding) I do not refer to the concept of 'keeping' of Weiner Keeping is one of the 'strategies' (alongside giving, taking and asking) Weiner distinguishes specifically within the realm of gift exchange. By hoarding, coins are removed from any exchange cycle, and may enter either transactional order when they are used again
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By this 'frozen' state (hoarding) I do not refer to the concept of 'keeping' of Weiner (1992). Keeping is one of the 'strategies' (alongside giving, taking and asking) Weiner distinguishes specifically within the realm of gift exchange. By hoarding, coins are removed from any exchange cycle, and may enter either transactional order when they are used again.
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(1992)
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