Ethical analysis of HPV vaccine policy options

Vaccine

Volumn 24, Issue 22, 2006, Pages 4812-4820

  Zimmerman, Richard K ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethical analysis; HPV; HPV vaccine

Indexed keywords

HEPATITIS B VACCINE; PLACEBO; WART VIRUS VACCINE;

ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; CULTURAL FACTOR; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ETHICS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INJECTION SITE PAIN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MORALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC OPINION; RELIGION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; VACCINATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; WART VIRUS;

ETHICAL THEORY; FEMALE; HUMANS; PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINES; PUBLIC POLICY; VACCINATION; VIRAL VACCINES;

EID: 33646848087     PISSN: 0264410X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.019     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts & figures 2005. Am. Cancer Soc. (2005) 1-60
2. Freeman H.P., and Wingrove B.K. Excess cervical cancer mortality: a marker for low access to health care in poor communities (2005), National Cancer Institute, Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities, May (05-5282) p. 1-79
3. Myers E.R., McCrory D.C., Nanda K., Bastian L., and Matchar D.B. Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Am J Epidemiol 151 12 (2000) 1158-1171
4. Walboomers J.M.M., Jacobs M.V., Manos M.M., et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol 89 (1999) 12-19
5. IARC. Human papillomaviruses. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. 64 ed. (1995), IARC Press, Lyon p. 35-378
6. Munoz N., Bosch F.X., de Sanjoe S., et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 348 (2003) 518-527
7. Winer R.L., Lee S.K., Hughes J.P., Adam D.E., Kiviat N.B., and Koutsky L.A. Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students. Am J Epidemiol 157 3 (2003) 218-226
8. Ho G.Y.F., Bierman R., Beardsley L., Chang C.J., and Burk R.D. Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med 338 7 (1998 Feb 12) 423-428
9. Woodman C.B., Collins S., Winter H., et al. Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infection in young women: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 357 9271 (2001) 1831-1836
10. US Department of Health and Human Services Trends in the well-being of American's children and youth. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2003.
11. Moscicki A.B., Shiboski S., Broering J., et al. The natural history of human papillomavirus infection as measured by repeated DNA testing in adolescent and young women. J Pediatr 132 2 (1998) 277-284
12. Koutsky L.A., Ault K.A., Wheeler C.M., et al. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med 347 21 (2002) 1645-1651
13. Villa L.L., Costa R.L.R., Petta C.A., et al. Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16 and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial. Lancet 6 (2005) 271-278
14. Harper DM, Franco EL, Wheeler C, et al. Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial. 2004;364(1757):1765. http://www.thelancet.com.
15. Blower S.M., and McLean A.R. Prophylactic vaccines, risk behavior change, and the probability of eradicating HIV in San Francisco. Science 265 5177 (2004) 1451-1454
16. Trauth J.M., Zimmerman R.K., Musa D., Mainzer H.M., and Nutini J.F. Do beliefs of inner-city parents about disease and vaccine risks affect immunization?. J Natl Med Assoc 94 (2002) 820-832
17. Zimet G.D. Improving adolescent health: focus on HPV vaccine acceptance. J Adolescent Health 37 Suppl. 6 (2005) S17-S23
18. Hoover D.R., Carfioli B., and Moench E.A. Attitudes of adolescent/young adult women toward human papillomavirus vaccination and clinical trials. Health Care Women Int 21 (2000) 375-391
19. Mays R.M., Zimet G.D., Winston Y., Kee R., Dickes J., and Su L. Human papillomavirus, genital warts, pap smears, and cervical cancer: knowledge and beliefs of adolescent and adult women. Health Care Women Int 21 (2000) 361-374
20. Olshen E., Woods E.R., Austin S.B., Luskin M., and Bauchner H. Parental acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine. J Adolesc Health 37 (2005) 248-251
21. Yacobi E., Tennant C., Ferrante J., Pal N., and Roetzheim R. University students' knowledge and awareness of HPV. Prev Med 28 (1999) 535-541
22. Holcomb B., Bailey J.M., Crawfor K., and Ruffin IV M.T. Adults' knowledge and behaviors related to human papillomavirus infection. J Am Board Fam Pract 17 (2004) 26-31
23. Ramirez J.E., Ramos D.M., Clayton L., Kanowitz S., and Moscicki A.B. Genital human papillomavirus infections: knowledge, perception of risk, and actual risk in a nonclinic populations of young women. J Women's Health Gender-Based Med 6 (1997) 113-121
24. Baer H., Allen S., and Braun L. Knowledge of human papillomavirus infection among young adult men and women: implications for health education and research. J Commun Health 25 1 (2000) 67-78
25. Boehner C.W., Howe S.R., Bernstein D.I., and Rosenthal S.L. Viral sexually transmitted disease vaccine acceptability among college students. Am Sex Transm Dis Assoc 30 10 (2003) 774-778
26. Zimet G.D., Mays R.M., Winston Y., Kee R., Dickes J., and Su L. Acceptability of human papillomavirus immunization. J Women's Health Gender-Based Med 9 1 (2000) 47-50
27. Davis K., Dickman E.D., Ferris D., and Dias J.K. Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among parents of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents. J Lower Genital Tract Dis 8 (2004) 188-194
28. Kahn J.A., Rosenthal S.L., Hamann T., and Bernstein D.I. Attitudes about human papillomavirus vaccine in young women. Int J STD AIDS 14 5 (2003) 300-306
29. Zimet G.D., Mays R.M., Sturm L.A., Ravert A.A., Perkins S.M., and Juliar B.E. Parental attitudes about sexually transmitted infection vaccination for their adolescent children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 159 2 (2005) 132-137
30. Mays R.M., Strum L.A., and Zimet G.D. Parental perspectives on vaccinating children against sexually transmitted infections. Soc Sci Med 58 (2004) 1405-1413
31. Webb P.M., Zimet G.D., Mays R., and Fortenberry J.D. HIV immunization: acceptability and anticipated effects on sexual behavior among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 25 (1999) 320-322
32. Newman P., Duan N., Rudy E., and Johnston-Roberts K. HIV risk and prevention in a post-vaccine context. Vaccine 22 (2004) 1954-1963
33. Raine T.R., Harper C.C., Rocca C.H., et al. Direct access to emergency contraception through pharmacies and effect on unintended pregnancy and STIs: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 293 1 (2005) 54-62
34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis surveillance report no. 56. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, CDC; 1995.
35. Mast E.E., Williams I.T., Alter M.J., and Margolis H.S. Hepatitis B vaccination of adolescent and adult high-risk groups in the United States. Vaccine 16 Suppl (1998) S27-S29
36. Margolis H.S., Alter M.J., and Hadler S.C. Hepatitis B: evolving epidemiology and implications for control. Semin Liver Dis 11 2 (1991) 84-92
37. Petersen N.J., Barrett D.H., Bond W.W., et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen in saliva, impetiginous lesions, and the environment in two remote Alaskan villages. Appl Eviron Microbiol 32 4 (1976) 572-574
38. Hurie M.B., Mast E.E., and Davis J.P. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection to United States-born children of Hmong refugees. Pediatrics 89 2 (1992) 269-273
39. Franks A.L., Berg C.J., Kane M.A., et al. Hepatitis B virus infection among children born in the United States to Southeast Asian refugees. N Engl J Med 321 19 (1989) 1301-1305
40. Hayashi J., Kashiwagi S., Nomura H., Kajiyama W., and Ikematsu H. Hepatitis B virus transmission in nursery schools. Am J Epidemiol 125 3 (1987) 492-498
41. Evans G., Harris D., and Levine E.M. Legal issues. In: Plotkin S.A., Orenstein W.A., and Offit P.A. (Eds). Vaccines. 4 ed. (2004), Saunders, Philadelphia, PA 1591-1617
42. Sanders G.D., and Taira A.V. Cost effectiveness of a potential vaccine for human papillomavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 1 (2003) 37-48
43. Kulasingam S.L., and Myers E.R. Potential health and economic impact of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to screening programs. JAMA 290 6 (2003) 781-789
44. Goldie S.J., Kohli M., Grima D., et al. Projected clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of a human papillomavirus 16/18 vaccine. J Natl Cancer Inst 96 8 (2004) 604-615
45. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 18 (2000) 92-96
46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: updated recommendation of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49 RR-5 (2000) 1-22
47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Withdrawal of rotavirus vaccine recommendations. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48 43 (1999) 1007
48. Hoedeman P. Hitler or Hippocrates; medical experiments and Euthanasia in the Third Reich (1991), The Book Guild Ltd., Sussex, England
49. Pojman L.P. Ethical theory: classic and contemporary readings. 4th ed. (2002), Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA
50. Williams B. Against utilitarianism. In: Pojman L.P. (Ed). Ethical theory: classical and contemporary readings. 4th ed. (2002), Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA 192-201
51. Jeske D., and Fumerton R. Relatives relativism: a critique of consequentialism. In: Pojman L.P. (Ed). Ethical theory: classis and contemporary readings. 4th ed. (2002), Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA 233-240
52. Nozick R. Side constraints. In: Pojman L.P. (Ed). Ethical theory: classical and contemporary readings. 4th ed. (2002), Wadsowrth/Thomson Learning, Belmon, CA 211-214
53. Zimmerman R.K., Wolfe R.M., Fox D.E., et al. Vaccine criticism on the world wide web. J Med Internet Res 7 2 (2005) e17
54. Wolfe R.M., Sharp L.K., and Lipsky M.S. Content and design attributes of antivaccination web sites. J Am Med Assoc 287 (2002) 3245-3248
55. Munson R. Intervention and reflection: basic issues in medical ethics. 7th ed. (2003), Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, Belmont
56. Beauchamp T.L., and Childress J.F. Principles of biomedical ethics. 5th ed. (2001), Oxford University Press, New York
57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines for Children Program. http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vfc/Default.htm, 2005. Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vfc/Default.htm.
58. Esther. HPV vaccine must be made mandatory; November 2, 2005. http://www.bodyofwealth.com/entry/hpv-vaccine-must-be-made-mandatory/
59. Kass N.E. An ethics framework for public health. Am J Public Health 91 11 (2001) 1776-1782
60. Imbody J. Vaccine with abstinence. http://www.cmda.org/index.cgi?CONTEXT=art&art=3163&BISKIT=3170352261; 2005. Available from URL: http://www.cmda.org/index.cgi?CONTEXT=art&art=3163&BISKIT=3170352261.
61. Focus on the family. Focus on the family position statement: human papillomavirus vaccines; January 19, 2006. http://www.family.org/cforum/fosi/abstinence/parents/a0039250.cfm.
62. Family Research Council. FRC issues statement on development of HPV vaccines; October 18, 2005. http://www.frc.org/get.cfm?i=PR05J04.
63. Vincent M.L., Clearie A.F., and Schluchter M.D. Reducing adolescent pregnancy through school and community-based education. J Am Med Assoc 257 (1987) 3382-3386
64. Doniger A.S., Adams E., Utter C.A., and Riley J.S. Impact evaluation of the "not me, not now" abstinence-oriented, adolescent pregnancy prevention communications program, Monroe County, New York. J Health Commun 6 1 (2001) 45-60
65. Michael R.T., Gagnon J.H., Laumann E.O., and Kolata G. Sex in America: a definitive survey. 1st ed. (1994), Little, Brown, Boston
66. The Medical Institute. HPV vaccine: the Medical Institute's statement; November 22, 2005. http://www.edinstitute.org/about_us/news_archive.tml?news_archive_item=832&db_item=news.
67. Jordahl S. CDC considers HPV vaccine for all children of twelve; October 12, 2005. http://www.family.org/cforum/fnif/news/a0038209.cfm.
68. Allen B. Conservative Christians voice qualms about cervical cancer vaccine; November 18, 2005. http://www.ethicsdaily.com/article_detail.cfm?AID=6587.
69. Szarewski A. HPV vaccines: the end of the line for cervical cancer? In: Cancer research UK scientific yearbook 2004/2005; 2006. p. 56-7. Available from URL: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutus/publications/scientific_yearbook/researcharticles/cervical_cancer.pdf.
70. Ganguly NK. India as the future vaccine hub: regulatory board for manufacturers a must; January 5, 2004. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040105/edit.htm#5.
71. Bailey R. Safety, efficacy, morality: the FDA gets religion; November 4, 2005. http://www.reason.com/rb/rb110405.shtml.
72. Grenier S. A big truckload of BS; 2005. http://thelink.concordia.ca/opinions/05/10/17/2019212.shtml.
73. Gilligan C. In a different voice: women's conceptions of self and of morality. Harvard Educ Rev 47 (1982) 481-571