Destruction of the tertiary ozone maximum during a solar proton event

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 33, Issue 7, 2006, Pages

  Seppälä, Annika ^a   Verronen, P T ^a   Sofieva, V F ^a   Tamminen, J ^a   Kyrola E ^a   Rodger, C J ^b   Clilverd, M A ^c  

^a FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^c BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; IONS; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; PROTONS; STORMS;

OZONE DEPLETION; SOLAR PROTON; SOLAR STORMS; TERTIARY OZONE;

OZONE LAYER;

CLIMATE FORCING; MESOSPHERE; NITROGEN OXIDES; OZONE DEPLETION;

EID: 33646839809     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2005GL025571     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Bertaux, J. L., E. Kyrölä, and T. Wehr (2000), Stellar occultation technique for atmospheric ozone monitoring: GOMOS on Envisat, Earth Obs. Q., 67, 17-20.
2. Bertaux, J. L., et al. (2004), First results on GOMOS/Envisat, Adv. Space Res., 33, 1029-1035.
3. Brasseur, G. P., and S. Solomon (2005), Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere, 3rd rev. and enlarged ed., Springer, New York.
4. Clilverd, M. A., C. J. Rodger, T. Ulich, A. Seppälä, E. Turunen, A. Botman, and N. R. Thomson (2005), Modelling a large solar proton event in the southern polar atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09307, doi:10.1029/2004JA010922.
5. Crutzen, P. J., I. S. A. Isaksen, and G. C. Reid (1975), Solar proton events: Stratospheric sources of nitric oxide, Science, 189, 457-458.
6. Degenstein, D. A., N. D. Lloyd, A. E. Bourassa, R. L. Gattinger, and E. J. Llewellyn (2005), Observations of mesospheric ozone depletion during the October 28, 2003 solar proton event by OSIRIS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03S11, doi:10.1029/2004GL021521.
7. Hartogh, P., C. Jarchow, G. R. Sonnemann, and M. Grygalashvyly (2004), On the spatiotemporal behavior of ozone within the upper mesosphere/ mesopause region under nearly polar night conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18303, doi:10.1029/2004JD004576.
8. Jackman, C. H., M. C. Cerniglia, J. E. Nielsen, D. J. Allen, J. M. Zawodny, R. D. McPeters, A. R. Douglass, J. E. Rosenfield, and R. B. Hood (1995), Two-dimensional and three-dimensional model simulations, measurements, and interpretation of the October 1989 solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,641-11,660.
9. Kyrölä, E., et al. (2004), GOMOS on Envisat: An overview, Adv. Space Res., 33, 1020-1028.
10. x, enhancement and ozone depletion in the Northern and Southern hemispheres after the October-November 2003 solar proton events, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S43, doi:10.1029/2005JA011050.
11. Marsh, D., A. Smith, G. Brasseur, M. Kaufmann, and K. Grossmann (2001), The existence of a tertiary ozone maximum in the high latitude middle mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4531-4534.
12. McPeters, R. D., and C. H. Jackman (1985), Response of ozone to solar proton events during solar cycle 21: The observations, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7945-7954.
13. Patterson, J. D., T. P. Armstrong, C. M. Laird, D. L. Detrick, and A. T. Weatherwax (2001), Correlation of solar energetic protons and polar cap absorption, J Geophys. Res., 106, 149-163.
14. Randall, C. E., et al. (2005), Stratospheric effects of energetic particle precipitation in 2003-2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05802, doi:10.1029/2004GL022003.
15. Reid, G. C. (1961), A study of the enhanced ionization produced by solar protons during a polar cap absorbtion event, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 40711-4085.
16. Reid, G. C., S. Solomon, and R. R. Garcia (1991), Response of the middle atmosphere to the solar proton events of August-December, 1989, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1019-1022.
17. Rohen, G., et al. (2005), Ozone deplection during the solar proton events of October/November 2003 as seen by SCIAMACHY, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S39, doi:10.1029/2004JA010984.
18. Rusch, D. W., J.-C. Gérard, S. Solomon, P. J. Crutzen, and G. C. Reid (1981), The effect of particle precipitation events on the neutral and ion chemistry of the middle atmosphere - I. Odd nitrogen, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 767-774.
19. Seppälä, A., P. T. Verronen, E. Kyrölä, S. Hassinen, L. Backman, A. Hauchecorne, J. L. Bertaux, and D. Fussen (2004), Solar proton events of October-November 2003: Ozone depletion in the Northern Hemisphere polar winter as seen by GOMOS/Envisat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19107, doi:10.1029/2004GL021042.
20. Sofieva, V. F., P. T. Verronen, S. Hassinen, E. Kyrölä, and GOMOS CAL/VAL Team (2004), The tertiary ozone maximum in the middle mesosphere as seen by GOMOS on Envisat, in Proceedings of the XX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 1-8 June 2004, Kos, Greece, vol. I, edited by C. S. Zerefos, pp. 438-439, Univ. of Athens, Athens.
21. Solomon, S., D. W. Rusch, J.-C. Gérard, G. C. Reid, and P. J. Crutzen (1981), The effect of particle precipitation events on the neutral and ion chemistry of the middle atmosphere: II. Odd hydrogen, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 885-893.
22. Solomon, S., G. C. Reid, D. W. Rusch, and R. J. Thomas (1983), Mesospheric ozone depletion during the solar proton event of July 13, 1982: Part II. Comparions between theory and measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 257-260.
23. Thomas, R. J., C. A. Barth, G. J. Rottman, D. W. Rusch, G. H. Mount, G. M. Lawrence, R. W. Sanders, G. E. Thomas, and L. E. Clemens (1983), Mesospheric ozone depletion during the solar proton event of July 13, 1982: part Measurement, I., Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 253-255.
24. Turunen, E., H. Matveinen, J. Tolvanen, and H. Ranta (1996), D-region ion chemistry model, in STEP Handbook of Ionospheric Models, edited by R. W. Schunk, pp. 1-25, SCOSTEP Secr., Boulder, Colo.
25. Verronen, P. T., A. Seppälä, M. A. Clilverd, C. J. Rodger, E. Kyrölä, C.-F. Enell, T. Ulich, and E. Turunen (2005), Diurnal variation of ozone depletion during the October-November 2003 solar proton events, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S32, doi:10.1029/2004JA010932.