메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 465-484

The "Americanisation" of migrants: Evidence for the contribution of ethnicity, social deprivation, lifestyle and life-course processes to the mid-20th century Coronary Heart Disease epidemic in the US

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Ethnicity; Life course; Migration; Social variation; US

Indexed keywords

DISEASE; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH IMPACT; MORTALITY;

EID: 33646839233     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.12.017     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0022621648 scopus 로고
    • Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales
    • Barker D.J.P., and Osmond C. Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. Lancet 1 (1986) 1077-1081
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1077-1081
    • Barker, D.J.P.1    Osmond, C.2
  • 2
    • 0012426626 scopus 로고
    • The relation of country of origin to mortality for various causes in New York state
    • Calabresi M. The relation of country of origin to mortality for various causes in New York state. Human Biology 17 4 (1945) 340-367
    • (1945) Human Biology , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 340-367
    • Calabresi, M.1
  • 3
    • 0032923347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of modern cardiovascular treatment and risk factor changes to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland between 1975 and 1994
    • Capewell S., Morrison C.E., and McMurray J.J. Contribution of modern cardiovascular treatment and risk factor changes to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland between 1975 and 1994. Heart 81 (1999) 380-386
    • (1999) Heart , vol.81 , pp. 380-386
    • Capewell, S.1    Morrison, C.E.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 4
    • 33646852726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carpenter, N. (1927). Immigrants and their children. A study based on census statistics relative to the foreign born and the native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Census Monographs VII. Washington: Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
  • 7
    • 0018216618 scopus 로고
    • The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, USA 1968-1975
    • Cooper R., Stamler J., Dyer A., and Garside D. The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, USA 1968-1975. Journal of Chronic Diseases 31 (1978) 709-720
    • (1978) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.31 , pp. 709-720
    • Cooper, R.1    Stamler, J.2    Dyer, A.3    Garside, D.4
  • 9
    • 0001882275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific mortality
    • Leon D.A., and Walt G. (Eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Davey Smith G., Gunnell D., and Ben-Shlomo Y. Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific mortality. In: Leon D.A., and Walt G. (Eds). Poverty, inequality and health: An international perspective (2000), Oxford University Press, Oxford 88-124
    • (2000) Poverty, inequality and health: An international perspective , pp. 88-124
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Gunnell, D.2    Ben-Shlomo, Y.3
  • 10
    • 0032495664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality differences between black and white men in the US: Contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT
    • for the MRFIT Research Group
    • Davey Smith G., Neaton J.D., Wentworth D., Stamler R., Stamler J., and for the MRFIT Research Group. Mortality differences between black and white men in the US: Contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. Lancet 351 (1998) 934-939
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 934-939
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Wentworth, D.3    Stamler, R.4    Stamler, J.5
  • 12
    • 33646838735 scopus 로고
    • Factors in American mortality
    • Dublin L.I. Factors in American mortality. American Economic Review VII 3 (1916)
    • (1916) American Economic Review , vol.VII , Issue.3
    • Dublin, L.I.1
  • 14
    • 33646840060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dunn, H. L., & Shackley, W. (1944). Comparison of cause of death assignments by the 1929 and 1938 revisions of the International List: Deaths in the United States, 1940. Vital statistics-special reports (Vol. 19, no. 14). Washington: US Bureau of the Census.
  • 15
    • 0018879775 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of trends of coronary heart disease mortality in Australia, US and England and Wales with reference to three major risk factors-hypertension, cigarette smoking and diet
    • Dwyer T., and Hetzel B.S. A comparison of trends of coronary heart disease mortality in Australia, US and England and Wales with reference to three major risk factors-hypertension, cigarette smoking and diet. International Journal of Epidemiology 9 1 (1980) 65-71
    • (1980) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-71
    • Dwyer, T.1    Hetzel, B.S.2
  • 16
    • 0141917518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-assessing the contribution of serum total cholesterol, blood pressure and cigarette smoking to the aetiology of coronary heart disease: Impact of regression dilution bias
    • Emberson J.R., Whincup P.H., Morris R.W., and Walker M. Re-assessing the contribution of serum total cholesterol, blood pressure and cigarette smoking to the aetiology of coronary heart disease: Impact of regression dilution bias. European Heart Journal 24 19 (2003) 1719-1726
    • (2003) European Heart Journal , vol.24 , Issue.19 , pp. 1719-1726
    • Emberson, J.R.1    Whincup, P.H.2    Morris, R.W.3    Walker, M.4
  • 17
    • 33646838902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faust, M. M., & Dolman, A. B. (1963). Comparability of mortality statistics for the fifth and sixth revisions: United States, 1950. Vital statistics-special reports (Vol. 51, no. 2). Washington: US Public Health Service.
  • 18
    • 33646843695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faust, M. M., & Dolman, A. B. (1964). Comparability ratios based on mortality statistics for the fifth and sixth revisions: United States, 1950. Vital statistics-special reports (Vol. 51, no. 3). Washington: US Public Health Service.
  • 19
    • 33646844039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faust, M. M., & Dolman, A. B. (1965). Comparability of mortality statistics for the sixth and seventh revisions: United States, 1958. Vital statistics-special reports (Vol. 51, no. 4). Washington: US Public Health Service.
  • 20
    • 0017755140 scopus 로고
    • Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease?
    • Forsdahl A. Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease?. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 31 (1977) 91-95
    • (1977) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 91-95
    • Forsdahl, A.1
  • 21
    • 33646838365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gibson, C. J., & Lennon, E. (1999). Historical census statistics on the foreign-born population of the United States: 1850-1990. Washington: US Bureau of the Census, Population Division Working Paper No. 29.
  • 22
    • 0035070881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994
    • Goff D.C., Howard G., Russell G.B., and Labarthe D.R. Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994. Annals of Epidemiology 11 4 (2001) 271-279
    • (2001) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-279
    • Goff, D.C.1    Howard, G.2    Russell, G.B.3    Labarthe, D.R.4
  • 23
    • 0842305110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we disentangle life course processes of accumulation, critical period and social mobility?
    • Hallqvist J., Lynch J., Bartley M., Lang T., and Blane D. Can we disentangle life course processes of accumulation, critical period and social mobility?. Social Science & Medicine 58 8 (2004) 1555-1562
    • (2004) Social Science & Medicine , vol.58 , Issue.8 , pp. 1555-1562
    • Hallqvist, J.1    Lynch, J.2    Bartley, M.3    Lang, T.4    Blane, D.5
  • 24
    • 0029928965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of mortality in second generation Irish living in England and Wales: Longitudinal study
    • Harding S., and Balarajan R. Patterns of mortality in second generation Irish living in England and Wales: Longitudinal study. British Medical Journal 312 (1996) 1389-1392
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.312 , pp. 1389-1392
    • Harding, S.1    Balarajan, R.2
  • 25
    • 0034748330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood
    • Hertzman C., Power C., Matthews S., and Manor O. Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood. Social Science & Medicine 53 (2001) 1575-1585
    • (2001) Social Science & Medicine , vol.53 , pp. 1575-1585
    • Hertzman, C.1    Power, C.2    Matthews, S.3    Manor, O.4
  • 26
    • 33646843893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hetzel, A. M. (1997). US vital statistics system: Major activities and developments, 1950-95. Hyattsville, MD: US Dept of Health and Human Services, DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 97-1003.
  • 27
    • 0024444672 scopus 로고
    • Fall in coronary heart disease mortality in US and Australia due to sudden death: Evidence for the role of polyunsaturated fat
    • Hetzel B.S., Charnock J.S., Dwyer T., and McLennan P.L. Fall in coronary heart disease mortality in US and Australia due to sudden death: Evidence for the role of polyunsaturated fat. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 42 9 (1989) 885-893
    • (1989) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.42 , Issue.9 , pp. 885-893
    • Hetzel, B.S.1    Charnock, J.S.2    Dwyer, T.3    McLennan, P.L.4
  • 28
    • 0034710639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women
    • Hu F.B., Stampfer M.J., Manson J.E., et al. Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women. The New England Journal of Medicine 343 8 (2000) 530-537
    • (2000) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.343 , Issue.8 , pp. 530-537
    • Hu, F.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 30
    • 0031057614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, 1980-1990: The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment
    • Hunink M.G., Goldman L., Tosteson A.N., et al. The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, 1980-1990: The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association 277 7 (1997) 535-542
    • (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.277 , Issue.7 , pp. 535-542
    • Hunink, M.G.1    Goldman, L.2    Tosteson, A.N.3
  • 31
    • 0027376801 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature
    • Kaplan G.A., and Keil J.E. Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature. Circulation 88 (1993) 1973-1998
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1973-1998
    • Kaplan, G.A.1    Keil, J.E.2
  • 32
    • 0029929617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways
    • Kaplan G.A., Pamuk E.R., Lynch J.W., Cohen R.D., and Balfour J.L. Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways. British Medical Journal 312 (1996) 999-1003
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.312 , pp. 999-1003
    • Kaplan, G.A.1    Pamuk, E.R.2    Lynch, J.W.3    Cohen, R.D.4    Balfour, J.L.5
  • 33
    • 0035899648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cardio-vascular risk factors-light at the end of the tunnel?
    • Kelleher C.C. Evolution of cardio-vascular risk factors-light at the end of the tunnel?. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 113 15/16 (2001) 552-557
    • (2001) Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift , vol.113 , Issue.15-16 , pp. 552-557
    • Kelleher, C.C.1
  • 34
    • 9644266909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurling alone? How social capital failed to save the Irish from cardiovascular disease in the United States of America
    • Kelleher C.C., Lynch J.W., Harper S., Tay J.B., and Nolan N. Hurling alone? How social capital failed to save the Irish from cardiovascular disease in the United States of America. American Journal of Public Health 94 12 (2004) 2162-2169
    • (2004) American Journal of Public Health , vol.94 , Issue.12 , pp. 2162-2169
    • Kelleher, C.C.1    Lynch, J.W.2    Harper, S.3    Tay, J.B.4    Nolan, N.5
  • 37
    • 0016678250 scopus 로고
    • Comparability of mortality statistics for the seventh and eighth revisions of the International classification of diseases, United States. National Center for Health Statistics
    • Klebba A.J. Comparability of mortality statistics for the seventh and eighth revisions of the International classification of diseases, United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics 2 66 (1975)
    • (1975) Vital Health Statistics , vol.2 , Issue.66
    • Klebba, A.J.1
  • 38
    • 33646842997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klebba, A. J. (1980). Estimates of selected comparability ratios based on dual coding of 1976 death certificates by the eighth and ninth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases. Monthly vital statistics report (Vol. 28, no. 11, suppl.). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
  • 39
    • 0027726555 scopus 로고
    • Changing causes and the sex differential in the US: Recent trends and projections
    • Knudsen C., and McNown R. Changing causes and the sex differential in the US: Recent trends and projections. Population Research and Policy Review 12 (1993) 27-41
    • (1993) Population Research and Policy Review , vol.12 , pp. 27-41
    • Knudsen, C.1    McNown, R.2
  • 40
    • 0002542518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The life-course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease
    • Kuh D., and Ben-Schlomo Y. (Eds), Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Kuh D., and Davey Smith G. The life-course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease. In: Kuh D., and Ben-Schlomo Y. (Eds). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology (1997), Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press, Oxford 15-41
    • (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology , pp. 15-41
    • Kuh, D.1    Davey Smith, G.2
  • 41
    • 0034716468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of contribution of changes in classic risk factors to trends in coronary-event rates across the WHO MONICA project populations
    • Kuulasmaa K., Tunstall-Pedoe H., Dobson A., et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in classic risk factors to trends in coronary-event rates across the WHO MONICA project populations. Lancet 355 (2000) 675-687
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 675-687
    • Kuulasmaa, K.1    Tunstall-Pedoe, H.2    Dobson, A.3
  • 42
    • 0035828438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex matters: Secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality
    • Lawlor D.A., Ebrahim S., and Davey Smith G. Sex matters: Secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality. British Medical Journal 323 (2001) 541-545
    • (2001) British Medical Journal , vol.323 , pp. 541-545
    • Lawlor, D.A.1    Ebrahim, S.2    Davey Smith, G.3
  • 43
    • 0022177515 scopus 로고
    • Moderns and ancients: The "New Cariology" in Britain 1880-1930
    • Lawrence C. Moderns and ancients: The "New Cariology" in Britain 1880-1930. Medical History Suppl. 5 (1985) 1-33
    • (1985) Medical History , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 1-33
    • Lawrence, C.1
  • 45
    • 33646849200 scopus 로고
    • Some implications of mortality statistics relating to coronary artery disease
    • Lew E.A. Some implications of mortality statistics relating to coronary artery disease. Journal of Chronic Diseases 6 3 (1957) 192-209
    • (1957) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 192-209
    • Lew, E.A.1
  • 46
    • 77649173768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal data analysis using generalised linear models
    • Liang K.Y., and Zieger S.L. Longitudinal data analysis using generalised linear models. Biometrica 73 (1996) 13-22
    • (1996) Biometrica , vol.73 , pp. 13-22
    • Liang, K.Y.1    Zieger, S.L.2
  • 47
    • 0032901975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemic of cardiovascular disease
    • McKee M., and Leon D. Global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Lancet 353 (1999) 503
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 503
    • McKee, M.1    Leon, D.2
  • 48
    • 0035842405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The real contribution of the major risk factors to the coronary epidemics
    • Magnus P., and Beaglehole R. The real contribution of the major risk factors to the coronary epidemics. Archives of Internal Medicine 164 (2001) 2657-2660
    • (2001) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.164 , pp. 2657-2660
    • Magnus, P.1    Beaglehole, R.2
  • 49
    • 0034605730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International comparators and poverty and health in Europe
    • Marmot M., and Bobak M. International comparators and poverty and health in Europe. British Medical Journal 321 (2000) 1124-1128
    • (2000) British Medical Journal , vol.321 , pp. 1124-1128
    • Marmot, M.1    Bobak, M.2
  • 50
    • 0342288379 scopus 로고
    • Changes in heart disease mortality in England and Wales and in other countries
    • Marmot M., Booth M., and Beral V. Changes in heart disease mortality in England and Wales and in other countries. Health Trends 13 (1981) 33-38
    • (1981) Health Trends , vol.13 , pp. 33-38
    • Marmot, M.1    Booth, M.2    Beral, V.3
  • 52
    • 33646844581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. (2001a). Death rates for selected causes by 10-year age groups, race, and sex: Death registration states, 1900-32, and United States, 1933-98 [Web Page]. 2001; Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs/hist290.htm. (Accessed 30 July 2001).
  • 53
    • 33646826952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. (2001b) Age-adjusted death rates for selected causes, death registration states, 1900-32, and United States, 1933-98 [Web Page]. 2001; Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs/hist293.htm. (Accessed 30 July 2001).
  • 55
    • 0036165503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viewpoint: Time travel with Oliver Twist-towards an explanation for a paradoxically low mortality among recent immigrants
    • Razum O., and Twardella D. Viewpoint: Time travel with Oliver Twist-towards an explanation for a paradoxically low mortality among recent immigrants. Tropical Medicine and International Health 7 (2002) 4-10
    • (2002) Tropical Medicine and International Health , vol.7 , pp. 4-10
    • Razum, O.1    Twardella, D.2
  • 56
    • 0032127719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular mortality of Turkish nationals residing in West Germany
    • Razum O., Zeeb H., and Gerhardus A. Cardiovascular mortality of Turkish nationals residing in West Germany. Annals of Epidemiology 8 5 (1998) 334-341
    • (1998) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 334-341
    • Razum, O.1    Zeeb, H.2    Gerhardus, A.3
  • 57
    • 0024472453 scopus 로고
    • Differential mortality by ethnicity: Foreign-born Irish, Italians and Jews in New York City, 1979-1981
    • Rosenwaike I., and Hempstead K. Differential mortality by ethnicity: Foreign-born Irish, Italians and Jews in New York City, 1979-1981. Social Science & Medicine 29 7 (1989) 885-889
    • (1989) Social Science & Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 885-889
    • Rosenwaike, I.1    Hempstead, K.2
  • 59
    • 0012397022 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic studies on cardiovascular diseases: I. Analysis of mortality by age-race-sex-occupation
    • Stamler J., Kjelsberg M., and Hall Y. Epidemiologic studies on cardiovascular diseases: I. Analysis of mortality by age-race-sex-occupation. Journal of Chronic Diseases 12 4 (1960) 440-455
    • (1960) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 440-455
    • Stamler, J.1    Kjelsberg, M.2    Hall, Y.3
  • 60
    • 9644267765 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic studies on cardiovascular diseases: III. Analysis of mortality by age-sex-nationality
    • Stamler J., Kjelsberg M., Hall Y., and Scotch N. Epidemiologic studies on cardiovascular diseases: III. Analysis of mortality by age-sex-nationality. Journal of Chronic Diseases 12 4 (1960) 464-475
    • (1960) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 464-475
    • Stamler, J.1    Kjelsberg, M.2    Hall, Y.3    Scotch, N.4
  • 62
    • 0034716472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the MONICA Project populations
    • Tunstall-Pedoe H., Vanuzzo D., Hobbs M., Mahonen M., Cepatis Z., Kuulasmaa K., et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the MONICA Project populations. Lancet 355 (2000) 688-700
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 688-700
    • Tunstall-Pedoe, H.1    Vanuzzo, D.2    Hobbs, M.3    Mahonen, M.4    Cepatis, Z.5    Kuulasmaa, K.6
  • 63
    • 0035899644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends and socio-demographic distribution of cardiovascular risk factors: Results from two population surveys in the Austrian WHO CINDI demonstration area
    • Ulmer H., Diem G., Bischof H.P., Ruttmann E., and Concin H. Recent trends and socio-demographic distribution of cardiovascular risk factors: Results from two population surveys in the Austrian WHO CINDI demonstration area. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 113 (2001) 573-579
    • (2001) Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift , vol.113 , pp. 573-579
    • Ulmer, H.1    Diem, G.2    Bischof, H.P.3    Ruttmann, E.4    Concin, H.5
  • 64
    • 33644874234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive accuracy of the SCORE risk function for cardiovascular disease in clinical practice: A prospective evaluation of 44,649 Austrian men and women
    • Ulmer H., Kollerits B., Kelleher C., Diem G., and Concin H. Predictive accuracy of the SCORE risk function for cardiovascular disease in clinical practice: A prospective evaluation of 44,649 Austrian men and women. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitaion 12 5 (2005) 433-441
    • (2005) European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitaion , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 433-441
    • Ulmer, H.1    Kollerits, B.2    Kelleher, C.3    Diem, G.4    Concin, H.5
  • 65
    • 1542409920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000
    • Unal B., Critchley J.A., and Capewell S. Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000. Circulation 109 (2004) 1101-1107
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Unal, B.1    Critchley, J.A.2    Capewell, S.3
  • 66
  • 70
    • 33646848197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Bureau of the Census. (1954). United States census of population: 1950. Special reports: Nativity and parentage (P-E No. 3a). Washington: Department of Commerce.
  • 71
    • 33646851514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Census Office. (1855). Mortality statistics of the seventh census of the United States, 1850. House of Representatives. EX. Doc. No. 98, Washington.
  • 77
    • 33646838903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Social Services. (1983). Public Health Service. Office on Smoking and Health. The health consequences of smoking. Cardiovascular disease. A report of the Surgeon General.
  • 78
    • 0012480279 scopus 로고
    • The relation between changes in nationality stock and increasing death rates in adult life
    • Winslow E.A., and Wang P.L. The relation between changes in nationality stock and increasing death rates in adult life. American Journal of Hygiene 14 (1931) 79-88
    • (1931) American Journal of Hygiene , vol.14 , pp. 79-88
    • Winslow, E.A.1    Wang, P.L.2
  • 80
    • 3342941763 scopus 로고
    • Statistical studies of heart diseases. II. Important factors in heart disease mortality trends
    • Woolsey T.D., and Moriyama I.M. Statistical studies of heart diseases. II. Important factors in heart disease mortality trends. Public Health Reports 63 (1948) 1247-1273
    • (1948) Public Health Reports , vol.63 , pp. 1247-1273
    • Woolsey, T.D.1    Moriyama, I.M.2
  • 81
    • 4444382796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART Study): Case control study
    • Yusuf S., Hawken S., Ounpuu S., Dans T., Avezum A., Lanas F., et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART Study): Case control study. Lancet 346 (2004) 937-952
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 937-952
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Dans, T.4    Avezum, A.5    Lanas, F.6
  • 82
    • 0035960630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of cardiovascular disease: Part 1. General considerations. The epidemiological transition, risk factors and impact of urbanisation
    • Yusuf S., Reddy S., Ounpuu S., and Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular disease: Part 1. General considerations. The epidemiological transition, risk factors and impact of urbanisation. Circulation 104 (2001) 2746-2753
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2746-2753
    • Yusuf, S.1    Reddy, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Anand, S.4
  • 83
    • 0035808005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of cardiovascular disease: Part 11. Variations in CVD disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies
    • Yusuf S., Reddy S., Ounpuu S., and Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular disease: Part 11. Variations in CVD disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation 104 (2001) 2855-2864
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2855-2864
    • Yusuf, S.1    Reddy, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Anand, S.4
  • 84
    • 0022673130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitidinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes
    • Zieger S.L., and Liang K.Y. Longitidinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 42 (1996) 121-130
    • (1996) Biometrics , vol.42 , pp. 121-130
    • Zieger, S.L.1    Liang, K.Y.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.