Early onset idiopathic scoliosis

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 101-112

  Gillingham, Bruce L ^a,b   Fan, Ryan A ^a   Akbarnia, Behrooz A ^c,d  

^a NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d SAN DIEGO CENTER FOR SPINAL DISORDERS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; BIOMECHANICS; DISEASE COURSE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; LUNG ALVEOLUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROSTHESES AND ORTHOSES; REMISSION; REVIEW; SCOLIOSIS; SPINE; SPINE FUSION; THORAX SURGERY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ALGORITHMS; BIOMECHANICS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; PULMONARY ALVEOLI; REMISSION, SPONTANEOUS; SCOLIOSIS; SPINAL FUSION; SPINE; THORACOPLASTY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33646831344     PISSN: 1067151X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200602000-00005     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. James JI, Lloyd-Roberts GC, Pilcher MF: Infantile structural scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1959;41:719-735.
2. James JI: Idiopathic scoliosis: The prognosis, diagnosis, and operative indications related to curve patterns and the age at onset. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1954;36:36-49.
3. Dimeglio A: Growth of the spine before age 5 years. J Pediatr Orthop B 1993;1:102-107.
4. Dickson RA: Early-onset idiopathic scoliosis, in Weinstein S (ed): The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1994, pp 421-429.
5. Dickson RA, Archer IA: Surgical treatment of late-onset idiopathic thoracic scoliosis: The Leeds procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1987;69: 709-714.
6. Emery JL, Mithal A: The number of alveoli in the terminal respiratory unit of man during late intrauterine life and childhood. Arch Dis Child 1960; 35:544-547.
7. Dunnill MS: Postnatal growth of the lung. Thorax 1962;17:329-333.
8. James JI: Two curve patterns in idiopathic structural scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1951;33:399-406.
9. Scott JC, Morgan TH: The natural history and prognosis of infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1955;37:400-413.
10. Lloyd-Roberts GC, Pilcher MF: Structural idiopathic scoliosis in infancy: A study of the natural history of 100 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1965;47: 520-523.
11. Ceballos T, Ferrer-Torrelles M, Castillo F, Fernandez-Paredes E: Prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1980;62:863-875.
12. Mau H: Does infantile scoliosis require treatment? J Bone Joint Surg Am 1968;50:881.
13. Kattwinkel J, Brooks J, Keenan ME, Malloy M: Infant sleep position and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the United States: Joint commentary from the American Academy of Pediatrics and selected agencies of the Federal Government. Pediatrics 1994;93:820.
14. Mehta MH: The rib-vertebra angle in the early diagnosis between resolving and progressive infantile scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1972;54:230-243.
15. Muirhead A, Conner AN: The assessment of lung function in children with scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1985;67:699-702.
16. Davies G, Reid L: Effect of scoliosis on growth of alveoli and pulmonary arteries and on right ventricle. Arch Dis Child 1971;46:623-632.
17. Branthwaite MA: Cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis. Br J Dis Chest 1986;80:360-369.
18. Kafer ER: Idiopathic scoliosis: Gas exchange and the age dependence of arterial blood gases. J Clin Invest 1976; 58:825-833.
19. Pehrsson K, Larsson S, Oden A, Nachemson A: Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis: A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms. Spine 1992;17:1091-1096.
20. Conner AN: Developmental anomalies and prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1969;51:711-713.
21. Wynne-Davies R: Infantile idiopathic scoliosis: Causative factors, particularly in the first six months of life. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1975;57:138-141.
22. Mehta M, Morel G: The non-operative treatment of infantile idiopathic scoliosis, in Zorab P, Siezler D (eds): Scoliosis 1979. London, England: Academic Press, 1979, pp 71-84.
23. Hooper G: Congenital dislocation of the hip in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1980;62:447-449.
24. Zadeh HG, Sakka SA, Powell MP, Mehta MH: Absent superficial abdominal reflexes in children with scoliosis: An early indicator of syringomyelia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;77:762-767.
25. Gollogly S, Smith JT, Campbell RM: Determining lung volume with three-dimensional reconstructions of CT scan data: A pilot study to evaluate the effects of expansion thoracoplasty on children with severe spinal deformities. J Pediatr Orthop 2004;24: 323-328.
26. Ferreira JH, de Janeiro R, James JI: Progressive and resolving infantile idiopathic scoliosis: The differential diagnosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1972;54: 648-655.
27. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH: Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: Is a magnetic resonance image screening necessary? Spine 1998;23:206-210.
28. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Szymanski DA, et al: Prevalence of neural axis abnormalities in patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:2230-2234.
29. Diedrich O, von Strempel A, Schloz M, Schmitt O, Kraft CN: Long-term observation and management of resolving infantile idiopathic scoliosis: A 25-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002;84:1030-1035.
30. Dubousset J, Herring JA, Shufflebarger H: The crankshaft phenomenon. J Pediatr Orthop 1989;9:541-550.
31. Roaf R: The treatment of progressive scoliosis by unilateral growth-arrest. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1963;45:637-651.
32. Marks DS, Iqbal MJ, Thompson AG, Piggott H: Convex spinal epiphysiodesis in the management of progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1996;21:1884-1888.
33. Harrington PR: Treatment of scoliosis: Correction and internal fixation by spine instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1962;44:591-610.
34. Moe JH, Kharrat K, Winter RB, Cummine JL: Harrington instrumentation without fusion plus external orthotic support for the treatment of difficult curvature problems in young children. Clin Orthop 1984;185:35-45.
35. Klemme WR, Denis F, Winter RB, Lonstein JW, Koop SE: Spinal instrumentation without fusion for progressive scoliosis in young children. J Pediatr Orthop 1997;17:734-742.
36. Marchetti P, Faldini A: "End fusions" in the treatment of some progressive scoliosis in childhood or early adolescence. Orthopaedic Transactions 1978;2:271.
37. Luque ER, Cardoso A: Treatment of scoliosis without arthrodesis or external support: A preliminary report. Orthopaedic Transactions 1977;1:37.
38. Luque ER: Paralytic scoliosis in growing children. Clin Orthop 1982;163: 202-209.
39. Mardjetko SM, Hammerberg KW, Lubicky JP, Fister JS: The Luque trolley revisited: Review of nine cases requiring revision. Spine 1992;17:582-589.
40. Rinsky LA, Gamble JG, Bleck EE: Segmental instrumentation without fusion in children with progressive scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 1985;5: 687-690.
41. Patterson JF, Webb JK, Burwell RG: The operative treatment of progressive early onset scoliosis: A preliminary report. Spine 1990;15:809-815.
42. Pratt RK, Webb JK, Burwell RG, Cummings SL: Luque trolley and convex epiphysiodesis in the management of infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1999;24:1538-1547.
43. Blakemore LC, Scoles PV, Poe-Kochert C, Thompson GH: Submuscular Isola rod with or without limited apical fusion in the management of severe spinal deformities in young children: Preliminary report. Spine 2001;26:2044-2048.
44. Akbarnia BA, Marks DS: Instrumentation with limited arthrodesis for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 2000;14:181-189.
45. Asher MA: Isola spinal instrumentation system for scoliosis, in DeWald R (ed): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 569-609.
46. Bagheri R, Oka R, Mahar A, Kostial P, Akbarnia BA: Biomechanical comparison of different anchors (foundations) used in the growing dual rod technique. IMAST 11th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques: Final Program. Session 9, Paper 90. Milwaukee, WI: Scoliosis Research Society, 2004.
47. Akbarnia BA, Marks DS, Boachie-Adjei O, Thompson A, Asher MA: Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of progressive early onset scoliosis: A multicenter study. Spine 2005;30:S46-S57.
48. Campbell RM, Smith MD, Mayes TC, et al: The characteristics of thoracic insufficiency syndrome associated with fused ribs and congenital scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85: 399-408.
49. Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Kostial P, et al: Comparison of single and dual growing rod techniques followed through definitive surgery: A preliminary study. Spine 2005;30:2039-2044.
50. Takaso M, Moriya H, Kitahara H, et al: New remote-controlled growing-rod spinal instrumentation possibly applicable for scoliosis in young children. J Orthop Sci 1998;3:336-340.
51. Hetz RR, Kim J, D'Andrea LP, Mulcahey MJ, Balsara RK, Clements DH: An innovative technique of vertebral body stapling for the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A feasibility, safety, and utility study. Spine 2003;28:S255-S265.
52. Campbell RM, Smith MD, Hell-Vocke AK: Expansion thoracoplasty: The surgical technique of opening-wedge thoracostomy. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86(suppl 1):51-64.