'Soup' vs. 'sparks': Alexander Forbes and the synaptic transmission controversy

Annals of Science

Volumn 63, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 139-156

  Marcum, James A ^a  

^a BAYLOR UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICALS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRIC SPARKS;

AXONOLOGISTS; ELECTRICAL FORCES; SOUP; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

WAVE TRANSMISSION;

ARTICLE; HISTORY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; UNITED STATES;

HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33646802256     PISSN: 00033790     EISSN: 1464505X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00033790600552183     Document Type: Article

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6. See, e.g., Zénon M. Bacq, Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses: A Historical Sketch (Oxford, 1975);
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18. Alexander Forbes Papers (HMSc22), Harvard Medical Library in the Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, MA, Box 15, Folder 725, p. 1.
19. Elin L. Wolfe, A. Clifford Barger, and Saul Benison, Walter B. Cannon, Science and Society (Boston, 2000).
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22. see also Robert G. Frank, Jr., 'Instruments, nerve action, and the all-or-none principle', Osiris, 9 (1994), 208-35.
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28. Forbes Papers, Box 8, Folder 357 (note 8).
29. Ernst-August Seyfarth, 'Ernst Theodor von Brucke (1880-1941) and Alexander Forbes (1882-1965): chronicle of a transatlantic friendship in difficult times', Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 40 (1996), 45-54.
30. Edgar D. Adrian, 'Alexander Forbes, 1882-1965', Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiolgy 19 (1965), 110-11.
31. Carl Murchison, 'Preface', in The Foundations of Experimental Psychology, edited by Carl Murchison (Worcester, MA, 1929), vii.
32. Alexander Forbes, The mechanism of reaction', in The Foundations of Experimental Psychology, edited by Carl Murchison (Worcester, MA, 1929), 128-68, 128.
33. Alexander Forbes, The mechanism of reaction', in The Foundations of Experimental Psychology (1929) 128-68 Ibid.
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36. see also Wolfe et al., Walter B. Cannon (note 9).
37. Forbes, The mechanism of reaction' (note 19), 157.
38. Forbes Papers, Box 8, Folder 365 (note 8), 1.
39. Forbes Papers, 1. Ibid.
40. Forbes Papers, 1. Ibid.
41. Forbes Papers, Ibid., 2.
42. Forbes Papers, Box 43, Folder 1526 (note 8).
43. Forbes Papers, Ibid., 1.
44. Forbes Papers, Ibid., 2.
45. Forbes Papers, 2. Ibid.
46. Forbes Papers, 2. Ibid.
47. Forbes Papers, 2. Ibid.
48. Forbes Papers, Box 2, Folder 86 (note 8), 2.
49. Gary R. Fick, 'Henry Dale's involvement in the verification and acceptance of the theory of neurochemical transmission: a lady in hiding', Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 42 (1987), 479.
50. Forbes Papers, Box 1, Folder 23 (note 8), 1.
51. Forbes Papers, Box 6, Folder 281 (note 8), 2.
52. Forbes Papers, Box 2, Folder 86 (note 8), 1.
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56. Henry H. Dale, 'Some recent extensions of chemical transmission', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 143-47.
57. Louis Lapicque, 'A new hypothesis regarding the role of acetylcholine in the transmission of new excitation to striated muscle', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 147-49.
58. Henry H. Dale, 'Commentary on the above', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 149.
59. Alexander Forbes, 'Conduction in axon and synapse', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 163.
60. Alexander Forbes, 'Conduction in axon and synapse', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 163. Ibid.
61. Alexander Forbes, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Ibid., 165.
62. Alexander Forbes, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Ibid., 166.
63. Alexander Forbes, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 166. Ibid.
64. Alexander Forbes, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 166. Ibid.
65. Rafael Lorente de Nó, 'Discussion', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 168-69.
66. Forbes Papers, Box 11, Folder 530 (note 8).
67. Alexander Forbes, 'Discussion', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 4 (1936), 169.
68. Forbes Papers, Box 120, Folder 2458 (note 8), 1.
69. Forbes Papers, Ibid., 2.
70. Forbes Papers, Box 8, Folder 357 (note 8).
71. Forbes Papers, Ibid.
72. Herbert S. Gasser, Axons as samples of nervous tissue', Journal of Neurophysiology, 2 (1939), 361-69, 361.
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74. Joseph Erlanger, Journal of Neurophysiology. Ibid., 384.
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76. Detlev W. Bronk, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid., 399.
77. Rafael Lorente de Nó, 'Transmission of impulses through cranial motor nuclei', Journal of Neurophysiology, 2 (1939), 440.
78. Rafael Lorente de Nó, 'Transmission of impulses through cranial motor nuclei', Journal of Neurophysiology, 2 (1939), 440. Ibid.
79. Rafael Lorente de Nó, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid., 441.
80. Alexander Forbes, 'Problems in synaptic function', Journal of Neurophysiology, 2 (1939), 465.
81. Alexander Forbes, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid., 466.
82. Alexander Forbes, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid., 467.
83. Alexander Forbes, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid., 470.
84. Alexander Forbes, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid.
85. Alexander Forbes, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ibid., 471.
86. Forbes Papers, Box 120, Folder 2459 (note 8), 2.
87. Alexander Forbes, 'The growth of neurophysiology', Physiologist, 3 (1960), 40.
88. Alexander Forbes, Physiologist, Ibid., 41.
89. Philip Kitcher, 'Patterns of scientific controversies', in Scientific Controversies: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives, edited by Peter Machamer, Marcello Pera and Aristides Baltas (New York, 2000), 21-39.
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93. Valenstein, The War of the Soups and the Sparks (note 3), 131.
94. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, 1964), 150.