The age of the giant Golden Mile deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Ion-microprobe zircon and monazite U-Pb geochronology of a synmineralization lamprophyre dike

Economic Geology

Volumn 100, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 1427-1440

  McNaughton, Neal J ^a   Mueller, Andreas G ^b   Groves, David I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b NONE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHRONOLOGY; GOLD DEPOSITS; SHEAR DEFORMATION; SHEAR STRESS; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS;

ION-MICROPROBE ZIRCON; MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL ZIRCONS; SYNMINERALIZATION LAMPROPHYRE DIKE;

GEOLOGY;

DIKE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; ION MICROPROBE; LAMPROPHYRE; MINERALIZATION; MONAZITE; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; ZIRCON;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; KALGOORLIE; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

EID: 33646791527     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.100.7.1427     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Bartram, G.D., and McCall, G.J.H., 1971, Wall-rock alteration associated with auriferous lodes in the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie: Geological Society of Australia Special Publication, v. 3, p. 191-199.
2. Bateman, R.J., and Hagemann, S.G., 2004, Gold mineralization throughout about 45 Ma of Archaean orogenesis: Protracted flux of gold in the Golden Mile, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 39, p. 536-559.
3. Bateman, R.J., Hagemann, S.G., McCuaig, T.C., and Swager, C.P., 2001a, Protracted gold mineralization throughout Archean orogenesis in the Kalgoorlie camp, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Structural, mineralogical, and geochemical evolution: Geological Survey of Western Australia Record 2001/17, p. 63-98.
4. Bateman, R., Costa, S., Swe, T., and Lambert, D., 2001b, Archean mafic magmatism in the Kalgoorlie area of the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: A geochemical and Nd isotopic study of the petrogenetic and tectonic evoluation of a greenstone belt: Precambrian Research, v. 108, p. 75-112.
5. Boyle, R.W., 1987, Gold: History and genesis of deposits: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 676 p.
6. Browning, P., Groves, D.I., Blockley, J.G., and Rosman, K.J.R., 1987, Lead isotope constraints on the age and source of gold mineralization in the Archean Yilgarn block, Western Australia: Economic Geology, v. 82, p. 971-986.
7. Champion, D.C., and Sheraton, J.W., 1997, Geochemistry and Nd isotopic systematics of Archaean granites of the Eastern Goldfields, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Implications for crustal growth: Precambrian Research, v. 83, p. 109-132.
8. Claoue-Long, J.C., Compston, W., and Cowden, A., 1988, The age of the Kambalda greenstones resolved by ion-microprobe: Implications for Archaean dating methods: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 89, p. 239-259.
9. 2 conditions of metasomatism: Economic Geology Monograph 6, p. 445-459.
10. Clout, J.M.F., Cleghorn, J.H., and Eaton, P.C., 1990, Geology of the Kalgoorlie gold field: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Monograph 14, p. 411-431.
11. Cumming, G.L., and Richards, J.R., 1975, Ore lead isotope ratios in a continuously changing Earth: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 28, p. 155-171.
12. Dunphy, J.M., Fletcher, I.R., Cassidy, K.F., and Champion, D.C., 2003, Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological data, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia, 2001-2002: Geoscience Australia Record 2003/15, 139 p.
13. Eisenlohr, B.N., Groves, D.I., and Partington, G.A., 1989, Crustal-scale shear zones and their significance to Archean gold mineralization in Western Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 24, p. 1-8.
14. Fletcher, I.R., Rasmussen, B., and McNaughton, N.J., 2000, SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of authigenic xenotime and its potential for dating sedimentary basins: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 47, p. 845-859.
15. Fletcher, I.R., Dunphy, J.M., Cassidy, K.F., and Champion, D.C., 2001, Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological data, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia, 2000-2001: Geoscience Australia Record 2001/47, 111 p.
16. Fletcher, I.R., McNaughton, N.J., Aleinikoff, J.A., Rasmussen, B., and Kamo, S., 2004, Improved calibration procedures and new standards for U-Pb and Th-Pb dating of Phanerozoic xenotime by ion microprobe: Chemical Geology, v. 209, p. 295-314.
17. Godfrey, M.S., 1998, The trace element geochemistry of zircons as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis: Unpublished B.Sc. (Honours) thesis, Perth, University of Western Australia, 76 p.
18. Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 18, p. 1-75.
19. Golding, L.Y., 1978, Mineralogy, geochemistry, and origin of the Kalgoorlie gold deposit, Kalgoorlie: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Melbourne, 402 p.
20. Groves, D.I., 1993, The crustal continuum model for late-Archean lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block, Western Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 28, p. 366-374.
21. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Knox-Robinson, C.M., Ojala, J., Gardoll, S., Yun, G., and Holyland, P., 2000, Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn block, Western Australia: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 17, p. 1-38.
22. Hagemann, S.G., and Cassidy, K.F., 2001, World-class gold camps and deposits in the Eastern Goldfields province, Yilgarn craton: Diversity in host rocks, structural controls, and mineralization styles: Geological Survey of Western Australia Record 2001/17, p. 7-44.
23. Heath, C.J., 2003, Fluid flow at the giant Golden Mile deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Unpublished PhD thesis, Canberra, Australian National University, 173 p.
24. Ireland, T.R., Wooden, J.L., Persing, H.M., and Ito, B., 1999. Geological applications and analytical development of the SHRIMP RG [abs.]: EOS Supplement, Transactions of American Geophysical Union, v. 80 (no. 46), p. 1117.
25. 39Ar and U-Pb age constraints on the timing of gold mineralization in the Kalgoorlie goldfields, Western Australia: Economic Geology, v. 90, p. 845-859.
26. Knox-Robinson, C.M., Groves, D.I., Robinson, D.C., and Wheatley, M.R., 1996, Improved resource evaluation using Geoscientific Information Systems (GIS): A pilot study: Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia Project M194A, Final Report 165, 157 p. (http:// www.doir.wa.gov.au/meriwa/reports/reports/html)
27. Krapez, B., Brown, S.J.A., Hand, J., Barley, M.E., and Cas, R.A.F, 2000, Age constraints on recycled crustal and supracrustal sources of Archaean metasedimentary sequences, Eastern Goldfields province, Western Australia: Evidence from SHRIMP zircon dating: Tectonophysics, v. 322, p. 89-133.
28. Lambert, D., Frick, L., Bateman, R., and Stone, W., 1998, Geochemistry and rock-fluid interactions in Archean lode-gold systems: New insights from the Re-Os isotopic system. Geodynamics and gold exploration in the Yilgarn [abs.]: Perth, Australian Geodynamics Cooperative Research Centre, Abstracts, p. 40-43.
29. Larcombe, C.O.G., 1912, The geology of Kalgoorlie: Australian Institute Mining Engineering Transaction 14, p. 1-327.
30. Ludwig, K.R., 2001a, SQUID 1.00: A user's manual: Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication 2, 16 p.
31. Ludwig, K.R., 2001b, User's manual for Isoplot/Ex (rev. 2.49) - a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel: Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication 1a, 55 p.
32. McLaren, A.C., FitzGerald, J.D., and Williams, I.S., 1994, The microstructure of zircon and its influence on the age determination from U/Pb isotopic ratios measured by ion microprobe: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 993-1005.
33. McNaughton, N.J., and Groves, D.I., 1996, A review of Pb-isotope constraints on the genesis of lode-gold deposits in the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Journal Royal Society Western Australia, v. 79, p. 123-129.
34. McNaughton, N.J., Cassidy, K.F., Dahl, N., Groves, D.I., Perring, C.S., and Sang, J.H., 1990, Constraints on the genesis of primary gold deposits: Lead isotope studies: Geology Department (Key Centre) and University Extension, University Western Australia Publication 20, p. 226-236.
35. McNaughton, N.J., Groves, D.I., and Witt, W.K., 1993, The source of lead in Archean lode gold deposits of the Menzies-Kalgoorlie-Kambalda region, Yilgarn block, Western Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 28, p. 495-502.
36. Mueller, A.G., 1990, The nature and genesis of high- and medium-temperature Archaean gold deposits in the Yilgarn block, Western Australia, including a specific study of scheelite-bearing gold skarn deposits: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Perth, University of Western Australia, 144 p.
37. Mueller, A.G., and McNaughton, N.J., 2000, U-Pb ages constraining batholith emplacement, contact metamorphism, and the formation of gold and W-Mo skarns in the Southern Cross area, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Economic Geology, v. 95, p. 1231-1257.
38. Mueller, A.G., Harris, L.B., and Lungan, A., 1988, Structural control of greenstone-hosted gold mineralization by transcurrent shearing: A new interpretation of the Kalgoorlie mining district, Western Australia: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 3, p. 359-387.
39. Mueller, A.G., de Laeter, J.R., and Groves, D.I., 1991, Strontium isotope systematics of the hydrothermal minerals from epigenetic Archean gold deposits in the Yilgarn block, Western Australia: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 780-809.
40. Mueller, A.G., Nemchin, A.A., and Frei, R., 2004, The Nevoria gold skarn deposit, Southern Cross greenstone belt, Western Australia: II. Pressure-temperature-time path and relationship to postorogenic granites: Economic Geology, v. 99, p. 453-478.
41. Nelson, D.R., 1997a, Evolution of the Archean granite-greenstone terranes of the Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia: SHRIMP U-Pb zircon constraints: Precambrian Research, v. 83, p. 57-81.
42. Nelson, D.R., 1997b, Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology data, 1996: Geological Survey Western Australia Record 1997/2, 189 p.
43. Nguyen, T.P., 1997, Structural controls on gold mineralisation at the Revenge mine and its tectonic setting in the Lake Lefroy area, Kambalda, Western Australia: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Perth, University of Western Australia, 195 p.
44. Phillips, G.N., 1986, Geology and alteration in the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie: Economic Geology, v. 81, p. 779-808.
45. Pupin, J.P., 1980, Zircon and granite petrology: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 73, p. 207-220.
46. Qiu, Y.M., and Groves, D.I., 1999, Late Archean collision and delamination in the southwestern Yilgarn craton: The driving force for Archean orogenic lode gold mineralization?: Economic Geology, v. 94, p. 115-122.
47. Qiu, Y.M., and McNaughton, N.J., 1999, Source of Pb in orogenic lode-gold mineralisation: Pb isotope constraints from deep crustal rocks from the southwestern Archean Yilgarn craton, Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 34, p. 366-381.
48. Rasmussen, B., Bengtson, S., Fletcher, I. R., and McNaughton, N, J., 2002, Discoidal impressions and trace-like fossils more than 1200 million years old: Science, v. 296, p. 1112-1115.
49. 39Ar dating: Chemical Geology, v, 145, p. 117-152.
50. Richards, J.R., and Gee, R.D., 1985, Galena lead isotopes from the eastern part of the Nabberu basin, Western Australia: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 47-54.
51. Rock, N.M.S., Groves, D.I., Perring, C.S., and Golding, S.D., 1989, Gold, lamprophyres, and porphyries: What does their association mean?: Economic Geology Monograph 6, p. 609-625.
52. Smith, J.B., Barley, M.E., Groves, D.I., Krapez, B., McNaughton, N.J., Bickle, M.J., and Chapman, H.J., 1998, The Scholl shear zone, West Pilbara: Evidence for a terrane boundary structure from integrated tectonic analyses, SHRIMP U-Pb dating and isotopic and geochemical data of granitoids: Precambrian Research, v. 88, p. 143-171.
53. Snee, L.W., Chesley, J., Reed, M.H., Dilles, J.H., and Vielreicher, N., 2001, Rates of mineralization and ore deposit formation [abs.]: Geological Society of America and Geological Society of London Joint International Conference, Earth System Processes, Edinburgh, June, 2001, Proceedings, p. 24-28.
54. 39Ar dating standards: Chemical Geology, v. 198, p. 189-211.
55. Swager, C.P., 1989, Structure of Kalgoorlie greenstones - regional deformation history and implications for the structural setting of the Golden Mile gold deposits: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 25, p. 59-84.
56. Swager, C.P., 1997, Tectono-stratigraphy of the late Archean greenstone terranes in the southern Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 83, p. 11-41.
57. Swager, C., Witt, W.K., Griffin, T.J., Ahmat, W.M., Hunter, W.M., McGoldrick, P.J., and Wyche, S., 1990, Part I: A regional overview of the Archaean granite-greenstones of the Kalgoorlie Terrane, in Glover, J.E., and Ho, S.E. eds., Third International Archaean Symposium: Perth, 1990, Geoconferences, Perth, p. 205-220.
58. Travis, G.A., Woodall, R., and Bartram, G.D., 1971, The geology of the Kalgoorlie Goldfield: Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 3, p. 175-190.
59. Vielreicher, N.M., Groves, D.I., Fletcher, I.R., McNaughton, N.J., and Rasmussen, B., 2003, Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime geochronology: A new direction for precise dating of orogenic gold mineralization: Society of Economic Geologists Newsletter 53 no. 1, p. 1 and 10-16.
60. Watchorn, R.B., 1998, Kambalda-St. Ives gold deposits: Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Monograph 22, p. 243-254.
61. Weinberg, R.F., Moresi, L., and van der Borgh, P., 2003, Timing of deformation in the Norseman-Wiluna belt, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 120, p. 219-239.
62. Weinberg, R.F., van der Borgh, P., Bateman, R.J., and Groves, D.I., 2005, Kinematic history of the Boulder-Lefroy shear zone system and controls on associated gold mineralization, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Economic Geology, v. 100, p. 1407-1426.
63. Williams, I.S., 1998, U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 7, p. 1-35.
64. Williams, I. S., and Hergt, J.M., 2000, U-Pb dating of Tasmanian dolerites: A cautionary tale of SHRIMP analysis of high-U zircons [abs.]: Beyond 2000: New Frontiers in Isotope Geoscience, Lorne, 2000, University of Melbourne, Abstracts and Proceedings, p. 185-188.
65. Wingate, M.T.D., and Compston, W., 2000, Crystal orientation effects during ion microprobe U-Pb analysis of baddeleyite: Chemical Geology, v. 168, p. 75-97.
66. 39Ar and U-Pb age constraints on the timing of gold mineralization in the Kalgoorlie Goldfields, Western Australia - a discussion: Economic Geology, v. 91, p. 1354-1371.
67. Yeats, C.J., and McNaughton, N.J., 1997, Significance of SHRIMP II U-Pb geochronology on lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn craton: Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record 1997/41, p. 125-130.
68. Yeats, C.J., McNaughton, N.J., Ruettger, D., Bateman, R.J., Groves, D.I., Harris, J.L., and Kohler, E., 1999, Evidence for diachronous Archean lode gold mineralization in the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: a SHRIMP U-Pb study of intrusive rocks: Economic Geology, v. 94, p. 1259-1276.