Noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV

Clinical Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 194-202

  Ieong, Michael H ^a   Farber, Harrison W ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

HIV; Noninfectious; Pulmonary

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BOSENTAN; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PROSTACYCLIN; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SILDENAFIL;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANAMNESIS; BRONCHOSCOPY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; KAPOSI SARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; LUNG COMPLICATION; LUNG EMBOLISM; LUNG EMPHYSEMA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; PATHOGENESIS; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REVIEW; SARCOIDOSIS;

EID: 33646789855     PISSN: 10680640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.cpm.0000218606.74161.d4     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Masliah E, et al. Changes in pathological findings at autopsy in AIDS cases for the last 15 years. AIDS. 2000;14:69-74.
2. Lanjewar DN, Duggal R. Pulmonary pathology in patients with AIDS: an autopsy study from Mumbai. HIV Med. 2001;2:266-271.
3. Parker MS, et al. AIDS-related bronchogenic carcinoma: fact or fiction? Chest. 1998;113:154-161.
4. Bower M, et al. HIV-related lung cancer in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2003;17:371-375.
5. Herida M, et al. Incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers before and during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3447-3453.
6. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:1823-1830.
7. French MA, et al. Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2000;1:107-115.
8. French MA, Price P, Stone SF. Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2004;18:1615-1627.
9. Diaz PT, et al. Increased susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema among HIV-seropositive smokers. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:369-372.
10. Mocroft A, et al. The changing pattern of Kaposi sarcoma in patients with HIV, 1994-2003: the EuroSIDA Study. Cancer. 2004;100:2644-2654.
11. Chang Y, et al. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science. 1994;266:1865-1869.
12. Aboulafia DM. An epidemiologic and clinicopathologic overview of AIDS-associated pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Methods Mol Med. 2003;75:79-120.
13. Biggar RJ, Rabkin CS. The epidemiology of AIDS-related neoplasms. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1996;10:997-1010.
14. Fouret PJ, et al. Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a clinicopathological study. Thorax. 1987;42:262-268.
15. Kang EY, et al. Detection and differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections and tumors in patients with AIDS: value of chest radiography versus CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166:15-19.
16. Afessa B, et al. Pulmonary complications of HIV infection: autopsy findings. Chest. 1998;113:1225-1229.
17. Aboulafia DM. The epidemiologic, pathologic, and clinical features of AIDS-associated pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Chest. 2000;117:1128-1145.
18. Cadranel JL, et al. Results of chemotherapy in 30 AIDS patients with symptomatic pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Thorax. 1994;49:958-960.
19. Kuhlman JE. Imaging pulmonary disease in AIDS: state of the art. Eur Radiol. 1999;9:395-408.
20. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 34-1993. A 36-year-old man with AIDS and respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:645-653.
21. McGuinness G. Changing trends in the pulmonary manifestations of AIDS. Radiol Clin North Am. 1997;35:1029-1082.
22. Lee VW, et al. Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in patients with AIDS: scintigraphic diagnosis with sequential thallium and gallium scanning. Radiology. 1991;180:409-412.
23. Abdel-Dayem HM, et al. Diffuse thallium lung uptake in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Clin Nucl Med. 1994;19:287-291.
24. Lee VW, et al. Pulmonary mycobacterial infections in AIDS: characteristic pattern of thallium and gallium scan mismatch. Radiology. 1994;193:389-392.
25. Eisner MD, et al. The pulmonary manifestations of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chest. 1996;110:729-736.
26. Bhaskaran K, et al. Systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma in individuals with known dates of HIV seroconversion: incidence and predictors. AIDS. 2004;18:673-681.
27. Vaccher E, et al. Improvement of systemic human immunodeficiency virus-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma outcome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1556-1564.
28. Spina M, et al. Outcome in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:142-144.
29. Lowenthal DA, et al. AIDS-related lymphoid neoplasia. The Memorial Hospital experience. Cancer. 1988;61:2325-2337.
30. Polish LB, et al. Pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in AIDS. Chest. 1989;96:1321-1326.
31. Loureiro C, et al. Autopsy findings in AIDS-related lymphoma. Cancer. 1988;62:735-739.
32. Monfardini S, Tirelli U, Vaccher E. Treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 1994;20:149-172.
33. Antinori A, et al. Better response to chemotherapy and prolonged survival in AIDS-related lymphomas responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2001;15:1483-1491.
34. Besson C, et al. Changes in AIDS-related lymphoma since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Blood. 2001;98:2339-2344.
35. Hoffmann C, et al. Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy strongly predicts outcome in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma. AIDS. 2003;17:1521-1529.
36. LeVine AM, et al. Evolving characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma. Blood. 2000;96:4084-4090.
37. Matthews GV, et al. Changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Blood. 2000;96:2730-2734.
38. Bazot M, et al. Computed tomographic diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma in HIV-infected patients. Lung Cancer. 2000;28:203-209.
39. Powles T, et al. Does HIV adversely influence the outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the era of HAART? Br J Cancer. 2003;89:457-459.
40. Gonzalez CE, et al. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonias in pediatric AIDS. Natural history of the disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;918:358-361.
41. Scarborough M, et al. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in an HIV-infected adult: response to antiretroviral therapy. Int J STD AIDS. 2000;11:119-122.
42. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:277-304.
43. Johkoh T, et al. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia: follow-up CT findings in 14 patients. J Thorac Imaging. 2000;15:162-167.
44. Turner RR, Colby TV, Doggert RS. Well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. A study of 47 patients with primary manifestation in the lung. Cancer. 1984;54:2088-2096.
45. Strimlan CV, et al. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Review of 13 cases. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:616-621.
46. Suffredini AF, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: a common cause of pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:7-13.
47. Sattler F, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis mimicking Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:912-917.
48. Stover DE, et al. Spectrum of pulmonary diseases associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1985;78:429-437.
49. Simmons JT, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in patients with AIDS: radiologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149: 265-268.
50. Kim EY, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis: serial high-resolution CT findings with functional correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:949-953.
51. Ognibene FP, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis without evidence of Pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:874-879.
52. Cool CD, et al. Expression of human herpesvirus 8 in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1113-1122.
53. French MA. Antiretroviral therapy. Immune restoration disease in HIV-infected patients on HAART. AIDS Read. 1999;9:548-555, 559.
54. Naccache JM, et al. Sarcoid-like pulmonary disorder in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:2009-2013.
55. Lenner R, et al. Recurrent pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Chest. 2001;119: 978-981.
56. Mirmirani P, et al. Sarcoidosis in a patient with AIDS: a manifestation of immune restoration syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41:285-286.
57. Gomez V, et al. Sarcoidosis after antiretroviral therapy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:1278-1280.
58. Copur AS, et al. HIV infection is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2002;16:205-209.
59. Haramati LB, et al. Newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients. Radiology. 2001;218:242-246.
60. Foulon G, et al. Sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:418-425.
61. Carr A, Cooper DA. Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Lancet. 2000;356:1423-1430.
62. Behrens GM, Stoll M, Schmidt RE. Pulmonary hypersensitivity reaction induced by efavirenz. Lancet. 2001;357:1503-1504.
63. Bourezane Y, et al. DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome associated with nevirapine therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1321-1322.
64. Pauwels RA, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:1256-1276.
65. Kuhlman JE, et al. Premature bullous pulmonary damage in AIDS: CT diagnosis. Radiology. 1989;173:23-26.
66. Panicek DM. Cystic pulmonary lesions in patients with AIDS. Radiology. 1989;173:12-14.
67. Diaz PT, Clanton TL, Pacht ER. Emphysema-like pulmonary disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:124-128.
68. Snider GL. Understanding Inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the process begins. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:1045-1046.
69. Churg A, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdown. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:849-854.
70. Vuillemenot BR, Rodriguez JF, Hoyle GW. Lymphoid tissue and emphysema in the lungs of transgenic mice inducibly expressing tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2004;30:438-448.
71. Millar AB, et al. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by blood and lung mononuclear phagocytes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991;5:144-148.
72. Petitpretz P, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Comparison with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 1994;89:2722-2727.
73. Kim KK, Factor SM. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hum Pathol. 1987;18:1293-1296.
74. Gaine SP, Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet. 1998;352:719-725.
75. Humbert M, et al. Increased interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 serum concentrations in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:1628-1631.
76. Pellicelli AM, et al. Pathogenesis of HIV-related pulmonary hypertension. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;946:82-94.
77. Deng Z, et al. Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2000;67:737-744.
78. Rudarakanchana N, Trembath RC, Morrell NW. New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Thorax. 2001;56:888-890.
79. Giaid A, et al. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1732-1739.
80. MacLean MR. Endothelin-1 and serotonin: mediators of primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension? J Lab Clin Med. 1999;134:105-114.
81. Barbaro G, Fisher SD, Lipshultz SE. Pathogenesis of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications. Lancet Infect Dis. 2001;1:115-124.
82. Lewis W. Cardiomyopathy in AIDS: a pathophysiological perspective. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2000;43:151-170.
83. Cool CD, et al. Expression of human herpesvirus 8 in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1113-1122.
84. McGoon M, et al. Screening, early detection, and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2004;126:14S-34S.
85. Rubin LJ. Introduction: diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2004;126:7S-10S.
86. D'Alonzo GE, et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:343-349.
87. Farber HW. HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. AIDS Clin Care. 2001;13:53-55, 59.
88. Polos PG, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Two reports and a review of the literature. Chest. 1992;101:474-478.
89. Mette SA, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A possible viral etiology for some forms of hypertensive pulmonary arteriopathy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145:1196-1200.
90. Tuder RM, et al. Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Pathol. 1994;144:275-285.
91. Aguilar RV, Farber HW. Epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:1846-1850.
92. Rich S, Brundage BH. High-dose calcium channel-blocking therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension: evidence for long-term reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 1987;76:135-141.
93. De Feyter PJ, Kerkkamp HJ, de Jong JP. Sustained beneficial effect of nifedipine in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J. 1983;105:333-334.
94. Opravil M, et al. HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension. A case control study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:990-995.
95. Barst RJ, et al. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension with long-term continuous intravenous prostacyclin. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:409-415.
96. Barst RJ, et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:296-302.
97. Shapiro SM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: improved long-term effects and survival with continuous intravenous epoprostenol infusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:343-349.
98. Hinderliter AL, et al. Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. Circulation. 1997;95:1479-1486.
99. Badesch DB, et al. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:425-434.
100. Klings ES, et al. Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:2638-2645.
101. Nunes H, et al. Prognostic factors for survival in human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:1433-1439.
102. Recusani F, et al. Clinical and therapeutical follow-up of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension: prospective study of 10 patients. AIDS. 2003;17(suppl 1):S88-S95.
103. Sitbon O, et al. Bosentan for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:1212-1217.
104. Cea-Calvo L, et al. [Treatment of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension with treprostinil.] Rev Esp Cardiol. 2003;56:421-425.
105. Channick RN, et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2001;358:1119-1123.
106. Leuchte HH, et al. Hemodynamic response to sildenafil, nitric oxide, and iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 2004;125:580-586.
107. Prasad S, Wilkinson J, Gatzoulis MA. Sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1342.
108. Schumacher YO, et al. Sildenafil in HIV-related pulmonary hypertension. AIDS. 2001;15:1747-1748.
109. Alp S, et al. Long-time survival with HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report. AIDS. 2003;17:1714-1715.
110. Pugliese A, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients with cardiac involvement. J Infect. 2000;40:282-284.
111. Zuber JP, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to HIV infection: improved hemodynamics and survival associated with antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1178-1185.
112. Murphy RL, Barbaro G. Clinical and biological insights in HIV-associated cardiovascular disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2003;17(suppl 1):S1-S3.
113. Speich R, et al. Regression of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension and long-term survival during antiretroviral therapy. Swiss Med Wkly. 2001;131:663-665.
114. Saif MW. Thromboembolism associated with HIV infection: a case report and review of the literature. AIDS Read. 2000;10:492-496.
115. Shahnaz S, Parikh G, Opran A. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome manifesting as a deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a patient with HIV. Am J Med Sci. 2004;327:231-232.
116. Saber AA, et al. HIV/AIDS and the risk of deep vein thrombosis: a study of 45 patients with lower extremity involvement. Am Surg. 2001;67:645-647.
117. Coll DJ, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: prognostic marker or association with HIV infection? Infection. 1992;20:140-142.
118. Bloom EJ, Abrams DI, Rodgers G. Lupus anticoagulant in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. JAMA. 1986;256:491-493.