Environmental impacts of surface water heat pump systems

ASHRAE Transactions

Volumn 112 PART 1, Issue , 2006, Pages 102-110

  McCrary, Barbara H ^a   Kavanauqh, Stephen P ^a,b   Williamson, Derek G ^c  

^a ASHRAE ^*  (United States)

^b University of Alabama   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIFREEZE PROPYLENE GLYCOLS; ENERGY-EFFICIENT SYSTEMS; SPACE CONDITIONING SYSTEMS; SURFACE WATER HEAT PUMP (SWHP);

CARBON DIOXIDE; COOLING; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GLOBAL WARMING; GLYCOLS; MERCURY (METAL); POWER PLANTS; SURFACE WATERS;

HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS;

EID: 33646712603     PISSN: 00012505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (33)

1. Addison. 1993. "Excel Series High Efficiency Geothermal Units". Form # 527-758 & -759. Orlando, Fla.
2. ADEM. 2000. Water Division. Water Quality Program Chapter 335-6-10. Water Quality Criteria. Alabama Department of Environmental Management.
3. ASHRAE. 2003. 2003 ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications, chapter 32. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
4. ASHRAE. 2001. 2001 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals, chapter 31. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
5. Best Management Practices for Used RV Antifreeze. 2003. Eastern Administrative Support Center (EASC). National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). United States Department of Commerce.
6. Cornell University. 2003. Lake Source Cooling: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/LSC/Prospectus/default.htm.
7. Degelman, L.O. 1994. Bin and Degree Hour Weather Data for Simplified Energy Calculations. ASHRAE RP-385. ASHRAE.
8. eGRID. V. 2.01. Office of Atmospheric Programs. Environmental Protection Agency, http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid.htm.
9. Eliadis, C. 2003. Deep Lake Water Cooling a Renewable Technology. Electrical Line. May/June 2003, pp. 26-28.
10. Ethylene/Propylene Glycol Toxicity. 1993. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Energy Information Administration. 2004. EIA's Natural Gas Prices for Alabama. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/ ngprices/ngprices_al.html.
11. Federal Register of Environmental Documents. EPA. http://www.epa.gov/ fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2004/March/Day-25/i6640.htm.
12. Geothermal Heat Pumps Make Sense of Homeowners. April 1999. Department of Energy. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. DOE/GO-10098-651.
13. Geothermal Heat Pumps. September 1998. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse. DOE/GO-10098-652.
14. Ground Source Heat Pump Consortium. 2004. State and local regulations concerning ground source heat pumps. http://www.geoexchange.org/regulations/.
15. Hattemer, B., and S.P. Kavanaugh. 2005. Design temperature data for surface water heating and cooling systems. ASHRAE Transactions 111(1). Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
16. Heffernan, V. 2001. Toronto cools off naturally - A deep lake water cooling system. Canadian Consulting Engineer. Dec. 2001, pp. 22-24.
17. Heinonen, E.W., R.E. Tapscott, M.W. Wildin, and A.N. Beall. 1996. Assessment of anti-freeze solutions for ground-source heat pump systems. NMERI 96/15/32580. ASHRAE.
18. Hoffman, P. 2004. Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Personal Watercraft Use: Proposed rules. Federal Register: March 25, 2004. Volume 69, Number 58 to the National Park Service. Department of the Interior, http://www.epa.gov/ fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2004/March/Day-25/i6640.htm.
19. IGSHPA. www.igshpa.org. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association.
20. Kavanaugh, S.P., and K. Rafferty. 1997. Ground-Source Heat Pumps - Design of Geothermal Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings, chapter 7. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc.
21. Kavanaugh, S.P. 1991. Ground and Water Source Heat Pumps - A Manual for the Design and Installation of Ground-Coupled, Groundwater, and Lake Water Heating and Cooling Systems in Southern Climates. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Energy Information Services.
22. Lake Tuscaloosa in Central Alabama. 2003. Fisheries Section, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, http://conservation.alabama.gov/agfd/fish/lake/ruscaloosa. html.
23. Lambert, S., and S.P. Kavanaugh. 2004. A bin method energy analysis for ground-coupled heat pumps. ASHRAE Transactions 110(l):535-542. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
24. Lloyd, W. 2001. A lake-coupled geothermal system powers a medical center, cutting down on energy and patient-care costs. Consulting-Specifying Engineer. June 2001.
25. Magic Aire. 1988. Chilled water capacities - Horizontal direct drive. Chilled water air units. Form DHW9/88-3H. Magic Aire Division-United Electric Company, Wichita Falls, Tex.
26. Pearce, J. 1998. Jet skis targeted as polluters of Michigan's Great Lakes. The Detroit News. July 17. p. A1.
27. Peer, T., and W.S. Joyce. 2002. Lake Source Cooling. ASHRAE Journal 44(4):37-39.
28. Personal Watercraft: Safety and Environmental Impact. April 1999. Vermont Legislative Research Shop, http://www.uvm.edu/~vlrs/doc/personal_watercraft. htm.
29. Propylene Glycol Information Update. 2001. Propylene Gly-col Panel. American Chemistry Council.
30. Propylene Glycol. 2001. Materials Safety Data Sheet. MSDS Number P6928.
31. R.S. Means. 2001. Mechanical Cost Data. Kingston, Mass.
32. Trane. 1996. XL 1400 split system heat pump product data. Pub. No. 22-1657-03-1196. Tyler, Tex.
33. USDOE. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). Building Technologies Program. http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/research/hvac/index. cfrn. United States Department of Energy.