The relationship between the drive for muscularity and anthropometric measures of muscularity and adiposity

Body Image

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 145-152

  McCreary, Donald R ^a,b   Karvinen, Kristina ^a   Davis, Caroline ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

BNI; Body circumferences; Drive for muscularity; Fat free mass index; Muscularity

Indexed keywords

EID: 33646707055     PISSN: 17401445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Brownson R.C., Jones D.A., Pratt M., Blanton C., and Heath G.W. Measuring physical activity with the behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32 (2000) 1913-1918
2. Cafri G., and Thompson J.K. Evaluating the convergence of muscle appearance attitude measures. Assessment 11 (2004) 224-229
3. Caspersen C.J., Pereira M.A., and Curran K.M. Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32 (2000) 1601-1609
4. Cohane H.G., and Pope H.G. Body image in boys: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders 29 (2001) 373-379
5. Davis C. Body image and weight preoccupation: A comparison between exercising and non-exercising women. Appetite 15 (1990) 13-21
6. Davis C., Karvinen K., and McCreary D.R. Personality correlates of a drive for muscularity in young men. Personality and Individual Differences 39 (2005) 349-359
7. Duggan S.L., and McCreary D.R. Body image, eating disorders and drive for muscularity in gay and heterosexual men: The influence of media images. Journal of Homosexuality 47 (2004) 45-58
8. Deurenberg-Yap M., Schmidt G., van Staveren W.A., and Deurenberg P. The paradox of low body mass index and high body fat percentage among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore. International Journal of Obesity 24 (2000) 1011-1017
9. Deurenberg P., Deurenberg-Yap M., Wang J., Lin F.P., and Schmidt G. The impact of body build on the relationship between body mass index and body fat percent. International Journal of Obesity 23 (1999) 537-542
10. Durnin J.V.G.A., and Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged 16 to 72 years. British Journal of Nutrition 32 (1974) 77-96
11. Expert Panel of the National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68 (1998) 899-917
12. Fogelholm M., and van Marken Lichtenbelt W. Comparison of body composition methods: A literature analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51 (1997) 495-503
13. Friedman M.A., Wilfley D.E., Pike K.M., Striegel-Moore R.H., and Rodin J. The relationship between weight and psychological functioning among adolescent girls. Obesity Research 3 (1995) 57-62
14. Gruber A.J., Pope H.G., Borowiecki J., and Cohane G. The development of the somatomorphic matrix: A biaxial instrument for measuring body image in men and women. In: Olds T.S., Dollman J., and Norton K.I. (Eds). Kinanthropometry VI (1999), International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry, Sydney
15. Hedley A.A., Ogden C.L., Johnson C.L., Carroll M.D., Curtin L.R., and Flegal K.M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. Journal of the American Medical Association 291 (2004) 2847-2850
16. Heyward V.H., and Stolarczyk L.M. Applied body composition (1996), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL
17. Jackson A.S., and Pollack M.L. Generalized equations for predicting body density in man. British Journal of Nutrition 40 (1978) 497-504
18. Kouri E., Pope Jr. H.G., Katz D.L., and Oliva P. Fat free mass index in users and non-users of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 5 (1995) 223-228
19. Kyle U.G., Schutz Y., Dupertuis Y.M., and Pichard C. Body composition interpretation: Contributions of the fat-free mass index and the body fat mass index. Nutrition 19 (2003) 597-604
20. Lohman T.G., Roche A.F., and Martorell R. Athropometric standardization reference manual: Abridged edition (1988), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL
21. Mahalik J.R., Locke B.D., Ludlow L.H., Diemer M.A., Scott R.P.J., Gottfried M., and Freitas G. Development of the conformity to masculine norms inventory. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 4 (2003) 3-25
22. Maida D.M., and Armstrong S.L. The classification of muscle dysmorphia. International Journal of Men's Health 4 (2005) 73-91
23. Maisey D.S., Vale E.L.E., Cornelissen P.L., and Tovée M.J. Characteristics of male attractiveness for women. Lancet 353 (1999) 1500
24. McCreary, D. R. (in press). The drive for muscularity. In: Thompson, J. K., & Cafri, G. (Eds.), The muscular ideal: Psychological, social, and medical perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. McCreary D.R., and Sadava S.W. Gender differences in relationships among perceived attractiveness, life satisfaction, and health in adults as a function of body mass index and perceived weight. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 2 (2001) 108-116
26. McCreary D.R., and Sasse D.K. Exploring the drive for muscularity in adolescent boys and girls. Journal of American College Health 48 (2000) 297-304
27. McCreary D.R., and Sasse D.K. Gender differences in high school students' dieting behavior and their correlates. International Journal of Men's Health 1 (2002) 195-213
28. McCreary D.R., Sasse D.K., Saucier D.M., and Dorsch K.D. Measuring the drive for muscularity: Factorial validity of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in men and women. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 5 (2004) 49-58
29. McCreary D.R., Saucier D.M., and Courtenay W.H. The drive for muscularity and masculinity: Testing the associations among gender role traits, behaviors, attitudes, and conflict. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 6 (2005) 83-94
30. Mishkind M.E., Rodin J., Silberstein L.R., and Striegel-Moore R.H. The embodiment of masculinity: Cultural, psychological, and behavioral dimensions. American Behavioral Scientist 29 (1986) 545-562
31. Moore D.C. Body image and eating behavior in adolescent boys. American Journal of Diseases in Children 144 (1990) 475-479
32. Olivardia R., Pope H.G., Borowiecki J.J., and Cohane G.H. Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptoms. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 5 (2004) 112-120
33. Olivardia R., Pope Jr. H.G., and Hudson J.I. Muscle dysmorphia in male weightlifters: A case-control study. American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000) 1291-1296
34. Pope H.G., Gruber A.J., Choi P., Olivardia R., and Phillips K.A. Muscle dysmorphia: An underrecognized form of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics 38 (1997) 548-557
35. Pope H.G., Gruber A.J., Mangweth B., Bureau B., deCol C., Jouvent R., and Hudson J.I. Body image perception among men in three countries. American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000) 1297-1301
36. Ridgeway R.T., and Tylka T.L. College men's perceptions of ideal body composition and shape. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 6 (2005) 209-220
37. Roberts R.J. Can self-reported data accurately describe the prevalence of overweight?. Public Health 109 (1995) 275-284
38. Roche A.F., Heymsfield S.B., and Lohman T.G. Human body composition (1996), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL
39. Swami V., and Tovée M.J. Male physical attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia: A cross-cultural study. Body Image 2 (2005) 383-393
40. Tabachnick B., and Fidell L. Using multivariate statistics. 4th ed. (2001), Allyn and Bacon, New York
41. Takeuchi, N., Davis, C., & McCreary, D. R. (2005). The role of culture on the drive for muscularity: A modern Western phenomenon or a universal trend? Presented at the 18th World Congress on Psychosomatic Medicine. Kobe, Japan.
42. Thompson, J. K., & Cafri, G. (Eds.). (in press). The muscular ideal: Psychological, social and medical perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
43. Thompson J.K., Heinberg L.J., Altabe M., and Tantleff-Dunn S. Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance (1999), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
44. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation of obesity (1998), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
45. Yang C.-F.J., Gray P., and Pope H.G. Male body image in Taiwan versus the West: Yanggang Zhiqi meets the Adonis complex. American Journal of Psychiatry 162 (2005) 263-269